初中英语被动语态

PassiveVoice被动语态永丰学校王金继(一)语态分类

英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：be+及物动词的过去分词构成。一.何时使用被动语态

1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要

Paperismadefromwood.Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要强调动作的承受者时

Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn'tbetakenaway.Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.3.为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。

Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.Electricityisusedtorunmachines.什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？主语是动作的执行者就用主动语态主语是动作的承受者就用被动语态WestudyEnglishatschool.Englishisstudiedbyusatschool.我们用木头做家具。那只老鼠被猫抓住了

相机是用来照相的。Discusion1:theactivevoice主动语态&thepassivevoice被动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态bymanystudents.主动语态变被动语态的方法1.Manystudentsstudy

English.Englishisstudied2.Theymake

shoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.主动语态变被动语态的方法bytheteacher.3.Theteacheroftenasks

himquestions.Heisaskedquestions1.主动语态中的宾语转换为被动语态中的主语2.主动语态中的动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词3.

主动语态中的主语如果需要放在by后面4.其他成分保持不变

主动变被动解题步骤ThomasEdisoninventedthelightbulbin1897.主语谓语宾语状语ThelightbulbwasinventedbyThomasEdisonin1897主语谓语by+动作实施者状语1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词变为被动语态2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词3．Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina

．Gina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词4.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词1.Theyplaybasketballintheirschool.(改为被动语态)

Basketball_____________intheirschoolbythem.isplayed2.Thenaughtyboybrokethewindow.Thewindow_____________bythenaughtyboy.3.PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.English_____________bypeopleallovertheworld.Exercise：wasbrokenisspokenExercise：translatethefollowingsentences这些照片是上星期拍的。这本书是鲁迅写的。史密斯一家被邀请参加了派对。长江也叫扬子江。Thesephotos

weretaken

lastweek.Thisbook

waswritten

byLuXun.TheSmiths

wereinvited

totheparty.TheChangjiangRiver

is

also

called

theYangtezeRiver.被动语态:我们知道,被动语态是由be+done(动词的过去分词)构成的

被动语态构成比较一般现在时主+am/is/are+done一般过去时主+was/were+done含情态动词主+情态动词

+bedone一般将来时主+willbe+done现在完成时主+have/hasbeen+done过去完成时主+hadbeen+done现在进行时主+am/is/arebeing+done过去进行时主+was/werebeing+done过去将来时主+wouldbe+done说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词1.有些动词用主动形式表被动含义.

Thegoodssellswell.Thedoorcan'topen.

2.有些词如want,need,require和beworth后面

v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.

Thebookisworthreading.

3.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it.WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry.It'sknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.4.主动形式表被动①感官动词：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时；

②一些vi主动形式表被动含义open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.③不定式toblame,tolet（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义Youaretob