(珍藏版)高考非谓语动词的用法

非谓语动词

高考语法复习系列一什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？二非谓语动词有哪些？有哪些具体的不同形式？三不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？四非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？要点知识检查及重难点强调与提醒

一、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。①Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_____downtoeatourpicniclunch.(2005上海）

A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.satD②Pricesofdailygoods_____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.arebought B.bought C.havebeenboughtD.buyingB非谓语不定式（todo)过去分词(-ed)-ing分词-ed

分词二非谓语动词有哪些？非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式？

非谓语动词

一般式完成式

一般式完成式动词不定式过去分词tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成,个别动词的过去分词只表示完成(多数为不及物动词)主动形式被动形式todotohavedonedoinghavingdone不定式除一般式、完成式以外还有__________进行式done-ing分词

三非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？

弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在

非谓语表示的动作

非谓语动词的形式在谓语表示的动作之后与谓语表示的动作同时发生在谓语表示的动作之前todo/tobedonetodo/tobedone/tobedoing;doing/beingdone;

done;tohavedone/tohavebeendone;havingdone/havingbeendone非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词四非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？

不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？

1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。

2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。

1)

Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.2)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.

(抽象)(具体)

Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。

1).It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.________theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohaveB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having2).Infact_____isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.itDD下列句型中常用动名词作主语:Itis/wasnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有何区别？2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语

1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：

……

manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(帮助)，want(想要),refuse等。

2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：……practise,appreciate,dislike,excuse,forgive,keep,resist,risk,deny,advise,fancy,complete,forbid,permit,allow,stand,referto,giveup,leadto,taketo,setabout,getdownto,objectto,succeedin,havedifficultyin...

1)Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_____talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglostCB3.有些动词如begin,start;love,like,hate,prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。

Ilike__________verymuch,butIdon'tlike_________thisafternoon.

A.swimming,swimming

B.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswim

D.toswim,swimmingCLittleJimshouldlove__________tothetheatrethiseveningA.tobetaken

B.totake

C.beingtaken

D.taking如果like,love,prefer前有would/should,

后面则应该接动词不定式。

AAwouldlike还有哪些用法？思考：下列情况中动词后接不定式还是接ing分词作宾语呢？OnlythendidIbegin__________________(see)shewasreallygoodtome.Themomenthereturnedhome,Iwasstarting/beginning____________________(cook)supper.Thewaterbegan________________(freeze).4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。讨论：有哪些单词或短语？

goon(stop/remember/regret)todo/doingcan’thelptodo/doingbeusedtodo/doing(getusedtodoing)(usedtodo)非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√Childrenshouldbeallowed______theirowndecisions.A.makingB.tomakeC.makeD.havingmade

BMyadvisorencouraged_____asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake

D1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：

ask,advise,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,persuade,permit,request,order,warn,cause等。使役动词，感官动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语；和带to的不定式作主语补足语。常见的使役动词有make,let,have等；感官动词有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel以及lookat,listento等。

翻译：你宁愿让谁和你一起去？3.不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。

①Iheardher______(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.②Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.③IheardtheEnglishsong______(sing)manytimes.(4)IheardtheEnglishsong____________(sing)whenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.singsingingsungbeingsung非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√

不定式、ing分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。

不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”,即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受者;如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：①Thequestion__________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.②Thequestion_____________(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance.③Thequestion______________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance.discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed注：ing分词作定语有时意义不同：

flyingfish

飞鱼

arunningdog

走狗

afallingtide

落潮

acryingboy

哭着的孩子

arunningmachine aswimmingpool awaitingroom awalkingstick afishingpole areadingroom非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√

能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。Practise1).When_______(heat)waterwillbechangedintovapour.While_______(heat)water,wecanchangeitintovapour.2)______(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.3)Generallyspeaking,when________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If________(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.

heatedheatingSeenSeeingtakentaking分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题

分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。

1)

Beinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.2)Hebeinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.3)Ashewasanorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.

FTT(Trueorfalse)现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别

1).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_________itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)

A.makingB.makesC.makeD.tomake

2).Hehurriedtothestationonly________thatthetrainhadleft.(2005广东)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound

现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果

AA非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√

动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释解或用来表示“身份、职业”等。这时主语与表语位置可以互换

①Themainjoboftheantqueenislayingeggs.

②

Ourworkisservingthepeople．

表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词，汉语注解不是“激动”、“高兴”，而是“使得激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebodyisinterestedin...，若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth.isinteresting。现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别delighting令人高兴的——delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的——disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的——encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的——pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的——puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的——satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的——surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的——worried感到担心的

动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。

1)

LiPing’s/Myhelpinghermovedherdeeply.2)Iappreciateyour/you/LiPing’s/LiPingcomingtoseeme.3)Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?4)Whatmademeangrywasmanystudentsfailingintheexam.

(动名词结构作宾语,其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可)(动名词结构作主语,其逻辑主语用所有格)(逻辑主语是无生命名词时,只用普通格)(以-s结尾的名词,只用普通格)1)Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling2)________madehermotherveryangry.A.MarymarryingJimB.Mary’smarriedJimC.Mary’smarryingJimD.Mary’sbeingmarriedJimCC3).Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught4).Thenoiseof____couldbeheardoutinthestreet.A.desksopeningandclosingB.desksopenedandclosedC.desksbeingopenedandclosedD.desks’beingopenedandclosedCC独立主格结构练习：造一个含有独立主格结构的句子Allflights_____becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.A.werecanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.havingcanceledD.havingbeencanceled2._____foralongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.A.BeingnorainB.TherewasnorainC.TobenorainD.Therebeingnorain3.Everything_______intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.takingDDBII.巩固练习（

高考真题检测）1.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork_____mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.（

福建卷）A.filled B.filling C.tofill D.beingfilled2.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork______hegladlyacceptedit.（

安徽卷）finished B.finishing C.havingfinished D.wasfinished3.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted_____hisadvice!（

安徽卷）A.totake B.taking C.nottotake D.nottaking4.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_______.（

浙江卷）A.tobeheard B.tohaveheard C.hearing D.beingheard5.______byagreaterdemandforvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.（

浙江卷）A.Driven B.Beingdriven C.Todrive D.Havingdriven6.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not______,andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.（

湖南卷）moved

B.moving C.tomove D.beingmoved7.“Things______nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.（

湖南卷）lost B.losing C.tolose D.havelost8.Pleaseremain________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.（

山东卷）toseat B.tobeseatedC.seating D.seated9.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.（

全国卷II）

A.openedandclosed B.tobeopenedandclosed

C.beingopenedandclosed D.toopenandclose10.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow________hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.（

四川卷）A.said B.saysC.saying D.tosay11.HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,_____foradegreeincomputerscience.（

北京）studied B.studying C.tohavestudied D.tobestudying12.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_______fortheday.（

重庆卷）finishing B.finished C.hadfinished D.werefinished13.Ismellsomething_______inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?（

全国I）burning B.burntC.beingburnt D.tobeburnt14.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_______foraspaceflight.（

江西卷）training B.beingtrained C.tohavetrained D.tobetrained15.—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wedon’tallow________here.（

江苏卷）

A.peoplesmoking B.peoplesmoke C.tosmoke D.smoking16.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_______inhislectures.（

江苏卷）

A.interested

B.interesting C.interest D.tointerest17.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea_______.（

陕西卷）

A.needrepairing B.needstorepair C.needsrepairing D.needtorepair19.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,______inthenaturallightduringtheday.（

天津卷）

A.tolet B.

letting C.let D.havinglet20.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice_______him.（

上海卷）

A.calling

B.called C.beingcalled D.tocall21.TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.（

上海卷）

A.tobecompleted B.havingbeencompleted C.completed

D.beingcompleted（

高考真题检测）1(全国卷I’26)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_____. A.tobebreathed B.tobreathe C.breathing D.beingbreathed2(全国卷II’12)Thedirectorhadherassistant___somehotdogsforthemeeting. A.pickedup B.picksup C.pickup D.pickingup3(北京卷’24)______thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe’dlikethatlittledollonherbed.A.Seeing B.Tosee C.See D.Seen4(北京卷’31)–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But__it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook. A.tofind B.find C.tofinding D.finding5(北京卷’32)Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety. A.towelcome B.welcoming C.tobewelcomed D.welcomed6(北京卷’35)Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes“convenience”foodssopopular,and___betteronesofyourown. A.introduces B.tointroduce C.introducing D.introduced7(上海春卷’32)Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractise_________thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain A.parking B.topark C.parked D.park8(上海春卷’34)Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced_____theirhomes A.leaving B.toleave C.tobeleft D.beingleft9(上海春卷’38)Throughouthistory,thelanguage_____byapowerfulgroupspreadsacrossacivilization A.speaking B.spoken C.tospeak D.tobespoken10(上海春卷’39)Ifwehaveillegalimmigrants________in,manylocalworkerswilllosetheirjobs A.came B.coming C.tocome D.havingcome11(上海卷’30)Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle____tobalanceit. A.havingtried B.trying C.totry D.tried12(上海卷’33)Ifthere’salotofwork______,Iamhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished. A.todo B.tobedoing C.done D.doing13(上海卷’35)Somethingassimpleas______somecoldwatermayclearyourmindorrelievepressure. A.todrink B.drinking C.tobedrinking D.drunk14(上海卷’37)Ideally_____forBroadwaytheatresandFifthAvenue,theNewYorkParkisafavouritewithmanyguests. A.locating B.beinglocated C.havingbeenlocatedD.located15(天津卷’04)_____theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory. A.Tothrow B.Thrown C.Throwing D.Beingthrown16(重庆卷’29)

toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinsteadA.Fail B.Failed C.Tofail D.Havingfailed17(辽宁卷’27)Hewasbusywritingastory,only______onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette. A.tostop B.stopping C.tohavestopped D.havingstopped18(辽宁卷’31)Pleaseremain______;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon. A.seating B.seated C.toseat D.tobeseated19(山东卷’35)Lucy’snewjobpaidtwiceasmuchasshehadmade______intherestaurant. A.working B.work C.towork D.worked20(江苏卷’29)—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomed______atmeals. A.totalk B.tonottalk C.totalking D.tonottalking21(江苏卷’34)TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish______asmuchaswecan. A.speak. B.speaking C.spoken D.tospeak22(江西卷’24)Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention_____whenwetalkedonthephone. A.topromote B.havingbeenpromoted C.havingpromoted D.tobepromoted23(江西卷’28)Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime____. A.allowing B.toallow C.allowed D.allows24(安徽卷’30)____inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk. B.Walking C.Walked D.Havingwalked25(浙江卷’10)______thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest. A.Notrealized B.Nottorealize C.Notrealizing D.Nottohaverealized26(浙江卷’13)Itisoneofthefunniestthings______ontheInternetsofar