【省级公开课课件】高考英语猜词义猜意思课件(共24张PPT)

miniature

displace

apipedreamdominant

passage

juicerLookatthesewordsDoyouknowtheirmeaning?Dotheyactuallyhavethesimilarmeaningwithwhatyouthinkinacertaincontext?12高考英语二轮复习阅读理解词义猜测题策略与技巧StrategiesandTechniquesforGuessingtheMeaningsofWordsorPhrasesWhilereading2018年2017年2016年全国卷I

1单词dominant

2代词that；短语thewatercatcher1单词courier全国卷II1

单词juicer2

代词

that；句子

thetableareturned.2单词downside;代词

it全国卷III1

句子Moreismore1

单词

displaced2

代词

them短语

apipedream2016-2018高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表考查方向1.熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；2.根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；3.根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力；4.复合词的含义的理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力；5.对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力；真题面对面(2018▪临沂市一模▪C)Hespecializesinminiature,astreetartoftenrepresentingasocialcommentaryasacriticalobservationoncapitalism,powerandsoon.

A.Tinysculpture（雕塑）

B.SmallplaygroundC.SocialcommentsD.Criticalobservation✔同位语定义或释义法就是对生词以下定义、同位语（从句）、定语从句、标点符号（破折号、冒号等）引出并加以解释说明的方式。Hespecializesinminiature——astreetartHespecializesinminiaturewhichisastreetart。

Miniatureisastreetart破折号定语从句下定义定义法Definition(2016

▪全国卷Ⅱ▪B)Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.✔A.mistake.B.drawback.C.difficulty.D.burden相似法Similarity相似法是指在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构,此时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见信号词/词组有：and，or,like,similarly等(2017▪全国卷Ⅲ▪C)GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.✔Atested.BseparatedCforcedoutDtrackeddown对比法Contrast对比法是指用表对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的词或句子，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见信号词/词组有：but，yet，however，while，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，incontrast，instead等(2016▪全国卷Ⅲ▪C)

OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou'llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit'sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.✔结果原因A.Apracticalidea.B.AvainhopeC.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire因果法Cause&Effect因果法是指根据因果关系进行判断，利用原因预测结果，利用结果找出原因。常见信号词/词组有：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,dueto,resultin,forthisreason,so/suchthat等✔举例法Example举例法是指利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的信号词/词组有suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等,或以标点符号冒号等进行提醒。(2018▪全国卷Ⅰ▪C)…allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.A.complex.B.advanced.C.powerful.D.modern(2016▪北京▪D)

Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.✔changeB.choiceC.textD.extension常识法CommonSense常识法是指运用逻辑推理能力，结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验及生活常识推测生词含义。1.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.juicerjuiceer派生✔overworksupermansleep-walk3.（08▪广东卷▪B）Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.词义过劳超人梦游VN复合发言；发言权转化构词法Formation✔(2017▪全国卷Ⅱ▪B)Wesharedthebeliefthatifyouarefortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback……PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.

(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·D)Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive，thetablesareturned．Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.A．Theattackersgetattacked.B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.✔上下文Context联系上下文是指根据上下文的指代关系进行选择，利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。Mindmap:

Concludewhatyouhavelearnedinanywayyouprefer.词义猜测定义法相似法对比法因果法举例法常识法构词法派生复合转化上下文记忆顺口溜定义释义，相似对比构词常识，因果举例派生前缀，还有后缀转化复合，都是构词猜测词意，其实容易最常最多，上下文联系Practice：Beyourteacher:Theywillbeonthenightshift—frommidnightto6a.m.—nextweek.2.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.3.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleoftheclass.夜班定义法取代相似法准时的对比法4.(2004▪广东▪D)Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecolorsturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.5.Althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany--forexample,theunbearableheat,thelackofwater,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes----Collinsneverthelessdecidedthatshemustgo.使顾客失去