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初中英语知识点梳理及操练
初三英语统一学业考试中的第五大题是通过多项选择,来考核学生对英语各个语言知识点所掌握的情况和程度。学生在分析、判断所选词语的正误时,不但要从语法角度去考虑,而且要从整句逻辑、习惯说法、词语不重复、用语须礼貌等各个方面去审视。这样,才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失误。
这一大题需要注意的是:在掌握英语各个语言知识点的一般规律之外,还需要注意英语各个语言知识点的特殊规律。在英语中,有许多语法结构与词语搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的,因此,不能像数学公式那样去生搬硬套。对于某些有特殊规律的语言知识点,学生一定要在平时加强注意和不断积累,在这方面是没有捷径可行的。此外,在学习时还要防止只重语感、不谙其意的片面倾向。一.
冠词:
冠词用在名词的前面,有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a;an”之分。定冠词表示“确指”,译作“这(那)个”;不定冠词表示“泛指”,译作“一个”。例题解析:()
_____
lady
over
there
is
_____
university
teacher.A)
A,
theB)
The,
anC)
The,
aD)
The,
the
“over
there”意为“那边的”,是后置定语,它表示前面名词“lady”(女士)是“确指”的说法,因此要加上定冠词“the”。后半句意为“一位大学教师”,是泛指的说法,因此要加上不定冠词“a”或“an”。由于“university”的读音起始于辅音“j”,因此要加定冠词“a”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()
He
prefers
playing
_____
piano
to
playing
_____
hockey.A)
the,
theB)
the,
/C)
/
,
/D)
/
,
the
“piano”意为“钢琴”,属于乐器,要求前面加定冠词“the”。后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球”,属于球类活动,要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。()
Mr.
Black
was
made
_____
manager
of
our
company.A)
/B)
aC)
anD)
the“manager”表示被选的职位,前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“A”。
此外,冠词还有许多特殊的用法:
1.
由普通名词组成的专有名词前,要加定冠词,如:the
Great
Wall(长城)
2.
在拼音名词前,一般不加任何冠词,如:Thomas
Green;Changfeng
Park
3.
在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名词,也要加定冠词“the”,如:
the
DongtingLake
4.
一般用“单数名词加‘a’;复数名词不加‘the’”来表示“泛指”的意思。习题训练:Choose
the
best
answer
(选择最恰当的答案,用
A、B、C或
D
表示,填入空格内):()
1.There
is
_____
“u”
in
_____
word
“uniform.”.A)
an,
aB)
an,
theC)
a,
aD)
a,
the()
2.
_____
sign
here
stands
for
_____
mistake.A)
A,
aB)
A,
theC)
The,
aD)
The,
the()
3.We
made
Joyce
_____
monitor
____
her
experience.A)
a,
becauseB)
the,
becauseC)
/
,
because
ofD)
the
,
because
of()
4.Two
months
ago
Mr.
Green
wrote
____
article
on
Shanghai
International
ArtFestival.A)
theB)
anC)
aD)
/()
5.
Q:Is
Mr.
White
_____
teacher
of
your
school?A:
Yes.
_____
teacher
is
fromAustralia.A)
a,AB)
a,
TheC)
the,
TheD)
the,
A()
6.
Paul
is
_____
European
student.
He
likes
to
study
_____
history
of
China.A)
a,
theB)
a,
/C)
an,
theD)
an,
/()
7.This
is
_____
honey.
As
we
all
know,
_____
honey
is
sweet.A)
/
,
theB)
/
,
/C)
the,
/D)
the,
the()
8.They
didn't
catch
the
last
train
because
of
_____.A)
some
heavy
trafficsC)
heavy
trafficB)
any
heavy
trafficD)
a
heavy
traffic()
9.
It
won't
take
long,
it's
only
_____
walk.A)
ten-minutesB)
ten
minutes'C)
ten
minutesD)
ten-minute's二.名词:
名词表示人或物体的名称,有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter;Party)、集合名词(family,
class,
police)、缩写名词(SARS,
CEO,
WTO)„„等。总体上说,它们可以分成两大类;即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化。例题解析:()
His
grandfather
is
_____.A)
Robert
BobB)
Tom
BlackC)
Kate
WhiteD)
Black
Green
英语中,人的姓名排列是倒过来的;先是名,即“first
name”,后为姓,即“secondname”,也可叫做“family
name”或“surname”。做这类题目,必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字,哪个单词是表示姓氏,名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷”,是男名,所以本题答案应该选“B”。()
_____
are
playing
tennis
in
the
playground.A)
The
BrownsB)
The
Brown'sC)
BrownsD)
Brown's
英语中,姓氏前加定冠词“the”,后面加“s”,有“一家人”之意。所以本题答案应该选“A”。()
Be
careful.
There
is
a
_____
hole
in
the
ground.A)
two-foot-deepB)
two-feet-deepC)
two-foot
deepD)
two-feet
deep
这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式,在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“–”来连接。由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词,因此,在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中,“一个两英尺深的洞”应译为“a
two-foot-deep
hole”,所以本题答案应该选“A”。()
He’s
got
bad
toothache.
He’d
better
go
to
_____.A)
dentistB)
the
dentistC)
the
dentist’sD)
see
the
dentists
“去看牙科医生”可译为“go
to
see
the
dentist”或“go
to
the
dentist’s”。后一个词语中的“the
dentist’s”表示“the
dentist’s
clinic”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()
The
_____
teachers
wondered
if
the
_____
students
were
in
trouble.A)
woman,
boyB)
woman,
boysC)
women,
boyD)
women,
boys
英语中,“女教师们”应该译为“women
teachers”,而“男学生们”
应该译为“boy
students”。
所以本题答案应该选“C”。()
_____
came
that
Houston
Rocket
won
again
and
Yao
Ming
got
the
most
scores.A)
A
newsB)
MessageC)
WordD)
Words“
“
“据说”在英语中有多种说法:It
was
said
that”、Word
came
that”、News
camethat”、“A
message
came
that”„„等。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()
All
of
a
sudden,
something
on
the
ground
caught
_____.A)
his
eyeB)
his
eyesC)
his
own
eyesD)
eyes
of
his
own“
“catchone’s
eye”是固定词组,意为“引起某人注意”;即“be
noticed
bysb.”。此句中,“eye”是“视线”之意,由“eyesight”演变而来。随着语言的发展,一些词语会产生演变,大致上都是朝“简单化”方向发展,如:countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、“campsite”→“camp”、
in
the
daytime”→“inthe
day”„„等。所以本题答案应该选“A”。()
The
lady
with
long
_____
found
her
husband
had
already
got
three
gray
_____.A)
hair,
hairB)
hair,
hairsC)
hairs,
hairD)
hairs,
hair(
要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质,要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair”
头发)就是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发”,是不可数名词;后半句说的是“三根白发”,是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。习题训练:Choose
the
best
answer
(选择最恰当的答案,用
A、B、C或
D
表示,填入空格内):()
1.
He
has
got
_____
to
tell
you.A)
a
good
newsB)
some
newsC)
a
lot
newsD)
many
news()
2.
It’s
seven
o’clock.
_____
are
sitting
at
table.A)
Mr.
GreensB)
The
Green'sC)
The
GreensD)
Greens()
3.Your
brother
is
the
same
______
mine.A)
old
asB)
age
asC)
old
likeD)
age
like()
4.
Our
bodies
need
food
to
give
us
______.A)
healthB)
strongC)
energyD)
taste()
5.Alemon
is
the
same
______
as
a
banana.A)
yellowB)
colourC)
freshD)
sweet()
6.What
kind
of
______
do
you
like
best?A)
watermelonB)
the
watermelonC)
a
watermelonD)watermelons()
7.
Look
at
this
magazine.
Let’s
do
the
______
about
eating
habits.A)
quizB)
listC)
cookingD)
dinner三.代词:
代词是名词的代用词,有指示代词(this,
those)、人称代词主宾格(I,
me)、形容词性物主代词(my)、名词性物主代词(mine)、反身代词(myself)、不定代词(either,
others,anything,
nobody)。其中,不定代词的变化最复杂。在不同的句子中,它们的变化和要求都不一样,这一点我们一定要有充分的认识,不能掉以轻心。例题解析:()
Would
you
please
give
_____?A)
him
itB)
it
himC)
to
him
itD)
it
to
him
英语中,当直接宾语(人)与间接宾语(物)都用人称代词时,一定要先讲间接宾语(物)后讲直接宾语(人),而且要在直接宾语(人)前加上介词“to”。
所以本题答案应该选“D”。()
She
always
thinks
of
_____
more
than
_____.A)
others,
herB)
the
others,
sheC)
others,
herselfD)
the
others,
herself
在英语中,“别人”属于“泛指”,应译为“others”。后半句是介词“of”的宾语。由于这里的“她”与主语的“她”是属于同一个人,因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语,要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()
Some
people
like
watching
the
sports
news,
_____
prefer
TV
series.A)
the
othersB)
the
otherC)
othersD)
another
在英语中,“一些„„,另一些„„”有两种译法:“Some
…,
the
others
…”是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情况,而“Some
…,
others
…”是指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为“一部分人喜欢看体育消息,而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧”,显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容,所以本题答案应该选“C”。()
The
light
in
the
room
was
too
poor
for
_____
to
see
it
clearly.A)
everyoneB)
someoneC)
anyoneD)
none
英语中,“too
…
to”意为“太„„而不能”,具有否定的含义。因此,“for
sb.”中应该选运用在否定句中的“anyone”才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()
_____
the
fuel
here
is
from
foreign
countries,
so
we
must
make
full
use
of
it.A)
SomeB)
MuchC)
The
most
ofD)
Most
of“
((
(
带有定冠词“the”的名词前,应该用代词词组:
some
of”
意为“其中一些”)、“muchof”
意为“其中许多”)、
most
of”
意为“其中大多数”)„„等。
the
moseof”(意为“其中最多的”)在本句中的译法欠妥,所以本题答案应该选“D”。()
Can
you
call
on
my
mother
on
Saturday
or
Sunday?I’m
afraid
_____
day
ispossibleA)
eitherB)
eachC)
bothD)
neither
在英语中,有“两者”和“三者以上”的不同词语说法:
both”意为“两者都”、“all”意为“三者以上都”、“neither”意为“两者都不”、“none”或“no
one”意为“三者以上都不”、either”意为“两者之一”、one”意为“三者以上之一”、between”意为“两者之间”、“among”意为“三者以上之间”。根据本题句意,答句应该是说“我恐怕没有一天能行”,
所以本题答案应该选“D”。()
There
are
three
bathrooms
in
the
house.
One
is
upstairs,
_____
two
are
downstairs.A)
otherB)
the
otherC)
othersD)
the
others
在英语中,“另两个”的译法有多种:“the
other
two”、“the
others”、“the
rest”。由于本句中讲到三间浴室,“另两间”的说法应该是“确指”的,因此,必须有定冠词“the”。又由于后句已经写了“two”,因此这里要选作形容词用的“other”。
所以本题答案应该选“B”。()
The
dishes
on
Table
One
are
much
fewer
than
_____
on
Table
Two.A)
thatB)
thoseC)
dishesD)
/(
要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性:这句是“the
dishes
onTable
One”(一桌上的菜)和“the
dishes
on
Table
Two”
二桌上的菜)作比较,因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略。“that”与“those”是比较级句中的专用代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数,因此,要用“those”来代替前面的名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。()
There
are
more
people
in
this
room
than
_____
in
that
one.A)
thatB)
thoseC)
peopleD)
/
要注意在“There
is
…”或“There
are
…”的比较级句型中,习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选“D”。习题训练:Choose
the
best
answer
(选择最恰当的答案,用
A、B、C或
D
表示,填入空格内):()
1.
Show
your
watch
______
me.
______
is
slow.A)
to,
MineB)
to,
MyC)
for,
MineD)
for,
My()
2.
______
do
you
like
______,
the
summer
holidays
or
the
winter
holidays?A)
What,
betterB)
What,
bestC)
Which,
betterD)
Which,
best()
3.
She
wrote
a
letter
and
enclosed
a
photo
of
_____
taken
in
her
housing
estate.A)
herselfB)
herC)
her’sD)
myself()
4.
She
told
Jack,
Tom
and
me
to
_____
among
_____.A)
talk
it
over,
usC)
talk
it
over,
ourselvesB)
talk
over
it,
usD)
talk
over
it,
ourselves()
5.
I’ll
do
it
by
myself.
I
won’t
need
_____
help.A)
anyone’s
elseB)
anyone
else’sC)
anyone
others’
D)
other
anyone’s()
6.
I
heard
_____
until
my
friend
told
me
about
it.A)
everythingB)
somethingC)
nothingD)
anything()
7.Would
you
like
_____
more
bread,
Jack?A)
anyB)
anotherC)
littleD)
a
little()
8.
Only
one
student
got
the
right
answer.
But
_____
didn’t.A)
the
otherB)
anotherC)
othersD)
the
rest()
9.
He
doesn't
think
_____
of
them
will
go
there
with
you.A)
noneB)
someC)
manyD)
much()10.
The
film
is
dull
and
_____
people
like
it.A)
a
fewB)
fewC)
a
littleD)
little()11.
Have
you
all
_____?A)
got
ready
everythingC)
got
everything
readyB)
got
everything
ready
forD)
got
ready
for
everything()12.
Help
_____
to
some
sweets,
everyone.A)
yourselvesB)
your
ownC)
yourselfD)byyourself()13.
He
has
six
uncles.
Five
of
them
are
doctors
and
_____
is
a
driver.A)
anotherB)
the
sixthC)
otherD)
the
other()14.
Believe
or
not,
I
did
it
all
by
_______.A)
meB)
usC)
myselfD)
ourselves()15.
A:
Are
these
two
books
yours
?B:
No,_____
of
them
is
mine.A)
eitherB)
noneC)
bothD)
neither()16.
Neither
of
the
twins
_____
the
toy
train.A)
likeB)
likesC)
is
likeD)
are
like四.数词:
数词有基数词和序数词之分:基数词表示数量概念;序数词表示顺序概念。首先要注意一些数词在写法上的变化,如:forty;ninth;twentieth更要注意它们在句子中的不同用法和变化。例题解析:()
About
_____
students
went
to
the
picture
show
that
day.A)
hundreds
ofB)
two
hundredsC)
two
hundred
of
D)
two
hundred
“about”意为“大约”,是指具体数量,因此,不能用表示不定数量的词语“hundreds
of”(意为“成百个”)。在表示确定数量时,英语中的“hundred”不加“s”,即不变复数。再由于“students”前没有定冠词“the”,不是“其中”之意,因此,也不能加介词“of”。
所以本题答案应该选“D”。()
_____
of
_____
Class
Four
students
have
joined
the
singing
group.A)
Three-fifths,
theB)
Three-fifth,
the
C)
Three-fifths,
/
D)“Three-fifth,
/
英语中,
几分之几”的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词,中间用短横“–”连接。当分子大于“一”时,分母序数词要加“s”。再由于本题句中数量用的是“of”词组,即意为“其中的五分之三”,因此后面的名词“students”必定是“确指”的,要加定冠词“the”。
所以本题答案应该选“A”。在这里要特别注意的是:不要看到“students”前有修饰词“Class
Four”就不敢加定冠词“the”,要懂得这里的“the”是修饰“students”的。同样,“the
English
language”词语的表达形式也类似于此种情况。习题训练:Choose
the
best
answer
(选择最恰当的答案,用
A、B、C或
D
表示,填入空格内):()
1.John
has
twelve
coins
and
Joan
has
_____
ones,
three
times
as
many
as
John.A)
thirteenB)
fifteenC)
thirty-sixD)
forty-eight()
2.The
post
code
used
in
our
neighbourhood
is
_____.A)
56348574B)
200333C)
a
quarterD)
a
dozen()
3.Today
is
her
brother’s
birthday.
_____
is
on
_____.B)
She,
May
fifthC)
Hers,
May
fifth
D)
A)
She,
fifth
of
MayHers,
May
the
fifth()
4.
_____
of
the
students
go
to
school
by
bike.A)
Two-threeB)
Two-thirdsC)
Two-threesD)Two-third()
5.There
are
about
_____
seats
in
the
hall.A)
two
hundredsB)
two
hundredC)
hundreds
ofD)twohundred
of()
6.A:
How
often
should
we
publish
the
paper?B:
_____.A)
In
one
week’s
timeB)
Once
a
monthC)After
two
weeksD)For
half
a
month()
7.About
_____
the
students
went
to
the
Science
Museum
last
Thursday.A)
hundreds
ofB)
two
hundredC)
two
hundred
ofD)
two
hundreds五.介词:
介词是一种虚词,它不能单独使用,后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名词。同一个动词,搭配不同的介词,可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来,而且在不同场合所用介词也各不相同。因此,介词的用法是比较复杂的,要求我们去逐个记住。只有在看懂、理解整个句意的前提下,才能选对正确的介词。例题解析:()
Mr.
Brown
flew
to
Washington
_____
the
night
before
last.A)
inB)
onC)
atD)
/
在表达某一天的具体时间时,应该用介词“on”。但是本句是表达“在前天的夜里”,与“在前天”(the
day
before
yesterday)相仿,前面不该用任何介词,所以本题答案应该选“D”。()
The
school
gate
is
______
the
north
of
the
classroom
building.A)
inB)
toC)
on
D)
at
在英语中,表达“东、南、西、北”的方位介词常见有三个:表示在方位区域的内部时,用介词“in”。如:The
playground
is
in
the
southof
the
school.(操场在学校的南面。)表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时,应该用介词“on”。如:Room203
ison
the
west
of
Room
205.(203
室在
205
室的西面。)表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时,应该用介词“to”。如:Shanghai
is
to
the
east
ofNanjing.(上海在南京的东面。)本题的“校门”在“教学大楼”的北面,应该用介词“to”,所以答案应该选“B”。()
You’ll
get
one
thousand
dollars
_____.A)
after
allB)
at
allC)
in
allD)
all
together
“after
all”意为“到底”、“毕竟”、“终于”;“at
all”通常与“not”连用,意为“完全不”、“一点也不”;“in
all”通常用于数量词后面,意为“总共”,同义词是“altogether”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()
This
bus
can
run
_____
70
miles
an
hour.A)
forB)
withC)
atD)
in
在表示“速度”、“温度”、“价格”意思时,应该用介词“at”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()
It’s
said
he
stayed
there
quietly
_____
two
o’clock
that
afternoon.A)
onB)
atC)
untilD)
by
“at
two
o’clock
that
afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟”,时态通常用“过去进行时”;“by
two
o’clock
that
afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟前”,
时态通常用“过去完成时”;“until
two
o’clock
that
afternoon”意为“直到昨天下午两点钟”,时态通常用“一般过去时”。本句中“stay”是延续动词,因此可用“until”句型;如果句中谓语是瞬间动词的话,就应该用“not
…until”句型了。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()
Tom
didn’t
attend
the
lecture
yesterday
evening
_____
his
illness.A)
asB)
forC)
becauseD)because
of“
在本句中,
因为生病”是一个词语,而不是原因状语从句,因此,不能选连词“as”、“for”或“because”来连接,而要用介词词组“because
of”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。()
Now
it’s
quite
important
_____
us
to
make
full
use
of
time.A)
forB)
toC)
ofD)
with(“
“It’s
important
to
sb.”
意为“它对某人来说很重要”)是词语搭配,
It’s
…
forsb.
to
do
…”(意为“做某事对某人来说是怎样的”)是句型。当两者交叉、重叠使用时,词语要让位于句型。所以本题答案应该选“A”。同样,I
like
it
so
much
that
…”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”,也属于这种类型的表达方式。()
It’s
nice
_____
you
to
get
the
ticket
_____
F1.
It’s
said
the
car-race
is
very
exciting.A)
of,
forB)
for,
forC)
of,
ofD)
for,
of
这句是“It’s
…
of
sb.
to
do”句型,意为“某人真是怎么样,做了某事”。后半句中“ticket
for”是固定词语,意为“什么内容的票子”。
所以本题答案应该选“A”。习题训练:Choose
the
best
answer
(选择最恰当的答案,用
A、B、C或
D
表示,填入空格内):()
1.You
can
draw
it
______
paints
and
brushes.A)
byB)
withC)
inD)
use()
2.What
did
you
have
______
breakfast?A)
asB)
withC)
aboutD)
for()
3.The
police
_____
helping
to
make
our
city
a
safe
place
to
live
and
work
_____.A)
is,
inB)
are,
inC)
is,
/D)
are,
/()
4.
I’ve
got
three
question
_____
you
to
think
about.A)
ofB)
forC)
giveD)
to
show()
5.We
can
ask
people
_____
the
Festival
to
do
the
quiz.A)
inB)
onC)
atD)
for()
6.What
happens
when
we
put
some
sugar
_____
a
glass
of
warm
water?A)
onB)
offC)
outD)
into()
7.
_____
they
arrived
at
the
village
after
all.A)
At
the
endB)
In
the
endC)
LastD)
Attentively()
8.The
class
teacher
was
sent
_____
Christmas
cards
_____
some
of
the
students.A)
to,
byB)
/
,
byC)
to,
fromD)
/
,
to()
9.
Q:What
is
that
film
_____?A:
It’s
a
science
film.A)
likeB)
aboutC)
onD)
for()10.
Why
not
ask
your
friend
_____
some
advice
if
you’re
really
in
trouble?A)
offerB)
to
giveC)
toD)
for()11.
The
beautiful
house
is
_____
sale.
But
it
won’t
be
_____
sale.A)
on,
forB)
for,
onC)
with,
forD)
with,
on()12.
The
weather
here
was
_____
cold
last
week.A)
a
kindB)
a
kind
ofC)
kind
ofD)
kinds
of()13.
The
singing
group
is
made
_____
four
handsome
lads.A)
ofB)
fromC)
up
ofD)
up
from()14.
Something
_____
wrong
_____
my
watch,
I'm
afraid.A)
is,
withB)
is,
inC)
are,
withD)
are,
in()15.
There
_____
a
man
and
two
women
_____
the
picture.A)
is,
onB)
are,
inC)
are,
onD)
is,
in()16.
Mary
doesn’t
know
what
lies
ahead.
_____
,
she’s
only
12.A)
At
allB)
In
allC)
After
allD)
For
all()17.
Should
we
_____
the
postage
_____
the
parcel
by
ourselves?A)
pay,
onB)
pay,
ofC)
pay
for,
onD)
pay
for,
of()18.
Alice
_____
her
service
to
the
public.A)
was
awarded
the
prize
forC)
was
proud
forB)
was
deserved
to
get
the
prize
forD)
was
pleased
for六.动词:
动词八种时态、语态和几种变化形式
八种时态语态
一般现在时
(经常,反复,爱好,特点,条件,真理)done
一般过去时
(过去发生的事,不强调现在的结果)done
一般将来时
(将要发生的事)done
现在进行时
(现在正在发生的事)
主动语态
do;
does
did;
-ed
will
doam;is;are
doing
被动am;is;arewas;were
will
beam;is;arebeing
donewas;were
doing
have;has
done
had
done
would
dowas;were
have;hashad
been
would
过去进行时
(当时正在发生的事)being
done
现在完成时
(过去发生的事,强调现在的结果)been
done
过去完成时
(过去完成的事;过去以前发生的事)done
过去将来时
(过去将要发生的事)be
done**************不定式:do;
not
do;
to
do;
not
to
do命令式:
do;
don't
do动名词:
doing过去分词:
现在分词:
doing
done例题解析:()
Look.
Mary
_____
a
nice
dog.
She
_____
it
just
now.
A)
has
drawn,
drewB)
drew,
has
drawn
C)
is
drawing,
drewD)
is
drawing,
has
drawn
在“Look”、“It’s
evening”、“Where
is
sb.
…?”等句子后面,可能要用“现在进行时”,也有可能要用“现在完成时”。反正,要根据具体情况来具体分析,考虑问题一定要从整体情况着眼。本题后半句“just
now”意为“刚才”,很明显要用“一般过去时”,因此前句如用“现在进行时”就不妥,造成句意逻辑上的错误。前句用“现在完成时”才对。所以本题答案应该选“A”。()
This
kind
of
fridge
_____
very
well.A)
sellB)
sellsC)
are
soldD)
is
sold
在英语中,表达某物销路不错,要用表示“特点”的“一般现在时”形式,而不能用“被卖”这种被动语态形式来表示。由于本句主语“this
kind
of
fridge”是单数第三人称,所以本题答案应该选“B”。()
What
_____
Mr.
Smith?
He
looks
worried
so
much.A)
happens
withB)
happens
toC)
happened
withD)
happened
to
在英语中,“发生”通常可译为“happened”或“took
place”,要注意它不能变“被动语态”。本题之意是“史密斯先生发生了什么事?他显得很焦虑。”因此,
发生”不能用表示经常行为的“一般现在时”形式,应该用“一般过去时”的“happenedto
sb.”固定词组来表达。所以本题答案应该选“D”。()
Mary:
Shall
I
tell
Michael
about
the
news?
Jack:
No,you
__________.
He’s
already
known
it.A)
can’tB)mustn’tC)
needn’tD)
don’t
本题是考核情态动词句型的正确回答。在“Must
I
do
…?”、“Shall
I
do
…?”、“Would
you
like
me
to
do
…?”问句后面都可以用“No,
you
needn’t.”(不必要)来回答。本题根据后句的句意应该选此回答为妥。所以答案应该选“C”。在“MayI
…?”问句后面,通常有以下几种否定回答:1.
No,
you
mustn’t.
2.No,
you
may
not.
3.
Sorry,you
can’t.
4.I’m
afraid
you
can’t.
5.
No,you
can’t.()
_____
clothes
are
usually
_____
near
a
fire
in
winter.A)
Washed,
hungB)
Washed,
hanged
C)
Washing,
hungD)
Washing,
hanged
“washed”意为“被洗过的”,可以修饰“衣服”;
washing”意为“正在洗的”,它该修饰人、不该修饰“衣服”。后句意为“被挂在火炉旁”,该用过去分词“hung”才对。“hanged”也是“hang”的过去分词,但是它的意思是“被绞死”。所以本题答案应该选“A”。()
The
book
_____
by
me.
I
_____
it
to
a
friend
of
mine.A)
is
written,
sentC)
was
written,
sentB)
is
written,
have
sent
D)
was
written,
have
sent
“书是被某人写的”、“书是在某地方被写的”都是表示发生在以前的动作,该用一般过去时被动语态。如过说“书是被用英语写的”,那就是指书的特点了,就该用一般现在时被动语态了。后半句意为“我把它寄给朋友了”是强调现在书不在我这里。不是强调过去寄的,不该用一般过去时,而该用现在完成时。这种类型的时态,学生最容易错,千万要注意。英语中有许多动作是以前发生的、但没有时间状语的句子都用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应该选“D”。()
Mr.
Jackson
_____
the
city
quite
well
since
he
_____
in
the
city
for
a
couple
ofyears.A)
knows,
wasB)
has
known,
was
C)
knows,
has
been
D)
has
known,
has
been“
本句中的“since”不是“自从”之意,因此,前半句与后半句用“现在完成时”和“一般现在时”的形式做是错误的。本句中的“since”意为“由于”,与“as”近义。根据句意,“熟悉城市”是表示杰克逊先生的“特点”,要用“一般现在时”表达;
他来到这个城市有两、三年了”是表示到现在为止的结果情况,要用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()
Could
you
tell
me
_____?A)
how
to
do
itB)
why
do
itC)
how
to
doD)
what
to
do
it“
由于“do”通常用作及物动词,因此要注意它有否宾语。要避免“C”的没有宾语和“D”的重叠宾语的错误。“B”是不定式遗漏了“to”,所以本题答案应该选“A”。关于“do”的这种特点很重要,为了熟记它,可以背一句口诀:
how
to
do
it,what
to
do”。()
English
is
his
favourite
subject.
He
can
_____
it
very
fluently.A)
sayB)
talkC)
speakD)
tell“
“
由于后句“it”指的是“English”,因此要用动词“speak”才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。“talk”是不及物动词,后面不跟宾语。“speak”既可作不及物动词用,也可作及物动词,宾语只能是语言。tell”的宾语有限;有“a
story”、
the
difference”、“the
truth”、“a
lie”、“the
time”等。“say”可跟的宾语最多,不再一一例举。由此句我们得到启示;即我们在做习题时不要被单词的表面现象所迷惑,一定要看清楚它的内涵,即注意到它的真正含义是什么。再举两个例子来说明注意内涵的重要性:例1.Arecorder
is
used
to
learn
English
inour
class.
例2.
His
spokenEnglish
is
poor.
Heonly
speaks
a
word
of
it.()
Mr.
Black
is
the
manager
of
this
company.
He
_____
this
company.“
1.
A)
takes
charge
of
B)
is
responsible
to
C)
is
in
the
charge
of
D)
has
the
duty
from
在英语中,他负责这家公司”有多种说法,如:
He
isinchargeof
this
company.2.
His
job
istobeinchargeof
this
company.
3.
This
company
isinthechargeof
him.
4.He
isresponsiblefor
this
company.
5.
He
hasthedutyof
this
company.
6.
He
takeschargeof
this
company.
在这里要注意动词与介词的搭配关系,不要记错了。本题答案应该选“A”。()10.
Please
_____
the
city
map
before
you
go
sightseeing.A)
look
atB)
have
a
lookC)
watchD)
read“
“
在英语中,
看”在不同场合有不同的译法。
look
at”意为“粗略地看”;
havea
look”意为“看一下”,其后不能跟宾语;“watch”意为“注视、仔细地看”,虽然可以跟“地图”搭配,但是,它只是表示一种“看”的状态,没有“查看路线”之意。“看书”、“看地图”都要用动词“read”,意为“阅读”、“查看”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。习题训练:Choose
the
best
answer
(选择最恰当的答案,用
A、B、C或
D
表示,填入空格内):()
1.They
_____
any
food.
They’ve
got
plenty
of
_____
for
the
picnic.A)
needn’t,
itB)
needn’t,
themC)
don’t
need,
itD)
don’t
need,
them()
2.
His
favourite
_____
is
_____
a
taxi
driver.A)
job,
to
beB)
job,
/C)
work,
to
beD)
work,
/()
3.Why
does
_____
like
_____
this
uniform?A)
he
not,
wearingB)
not
he,
wearing
C)
he
not,
wearD)
not
he,
wear()
4.You
can
not
only
learn
_____
make
the
delicious
drink,
you
can
also
_____
it.A)
to
,
eatB)
to,
eatC)
how
to,
enjoyD)
how
to,
enjoy()
5.
Have
you
all
_____
your
pens
yet?A)
preparedB)
prepared
forC)
preparationD)preparationfor()
6.
Danny
practises
_____
twice
_____
week.A)
to
swim,
aB)
to
swim,
every
C)
swimming,
aD)
swimming,
every()
7.You
must
_____
to
catch
fish
here
near
the
pond.A)
not
tryB)
try
notC)
not
to
tryD)
to
try
not()
8.When
we
_____
on
the
air-conditioner
in
summer,
we
feel
more
comfortable.A)
sitB)
putC)
turnD)
open()
9.Would
you
mind
_____
the
window
?A)
my
closingB)
my
closeC)
to
closeD)
for
close()10.
The
teacher
kept
the
pupils
______
for
five
hours.A)
waitingB)
to
waitC)
to
waitingD)
waits()11.
Mr.
Green
_____
China
for
six
years.A)
has
been
inB)
has
been
toC)
has
come
toD)
has
gone
to()12.
They
could
hardly
understand
what
the
engineer
said,
______?A)
couldn't
theyB)
didn't
theyC)
could
theyD)
did
they()13.
Tell
him
_____
afraid
of
dogs.A)
not
beB)
not
to
beC)
don't
beD)
won't
be()14.
If
he
_____
here
tomorrow,
please
tell
him
when
his
uncle
_____.A)
will
come,
comesB)
comes,
comesC)
comes,
will
comeD)
will
come,will
come()15.
The
postage
on
the
parcel
_____
me
a
lot
of
money.A)
tookB)
spendC)
paidD)
cost()16.
Have
you
_____
who
took
away
your
key
?A)
foundB)
found
outC)
looked
forD)
got()17.
Paris
isn't
the
capital
of
Britain,
is
it
?
_____.A)
Yes,
it
isB)
No,
it
isn'tC)Yes,
it
isn'tD)
No,it
is()18.
The
boss
made
the
workers
_____
for
hours.A)
workB)
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