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初中英语知识点梳理及操练

初三英语统一学业考试中的第五大题是通过多项选择,来考核学生对英语各个语言知识点所掌握的情况和程度。学生在分析、判断所选词语的正误时,不但要从语法角度去考虑,而且要从整句逻辑、习惯说法、词语不重复、用语须礼貌等各个方面去审视。这样,才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失误。

这一大题需要注意的是:在掌握英语各个语言知识点的一般规律之外,还需要注意英语各个语言知识点的特殊规律。在英语中,有许多语法结构与词语搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的,因此,不能像数学公式那样去生搬硬套。对于某些有特殊规律的语言知识点,学生一定要在平时加强注意和不断积累,在这方面是没有捷径可行的。此外,在学习时还要防止只重语感、不谙其意的片面倾向。一.

冠词:

冠词用在名词的前面,有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a;an”之分。定冠词表示“确指”,译作“这(那)个”;不定冠词表示“泛指”,译作“一个”。例题解析:()

_____

lady

over

there

is

_____

university

teacher.A)

A,

theB)

The,

anC)

The,

aD)

The,

the

“over

there”意为“那边的”,是后置定语,它表示前面名词“lady”(女士)是“确指”的说法,因此要加上定冠词“the”。后半句意为“一位大学教师”,是泛指的说法,因此要加上不定冠词“a”或“an”。由于“university”的读音起始于辅音“j”,因此要加定冠词“a”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()

He

prefers

playing

_____

piano

to

playing

_____

hockey.A)

the,

theB)

the,

/C)

/

,

/D)

/

,

the

“piano”意为“钢琴”,属于乐器,要求前面加定冠词“the”。后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球”,属于球类活动,要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。()

Mr.

Black

was

made

_____

manager

of

our

company.A)

/B)

aC)

anD)

the“manager”表示被选的职位,前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“A”。

此外,冠词还有许多特殊的用法:

1.

由普通名词组成的专有名词前,要加定冠词,如:the

Great

Wall(长城)

2.

在拼音名词前,一般不加任何冠词,如:Thomas

Green;Changfeng

Park

3.

在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名词,也要加定冠词“the”,如:

the

DongtingLake

4.

一般用“单数名词加‘a’;复数名词不加‘the’”来表示“泛指”的意思。习题训练:Choose

the

best

answer

(选择最恰当的答案,用

A、B、C或

D

表示,填入空格内):()

1.There

is

_____

“u”

in

_____

word

“uniform.”.A)

an,

aB)

an,

theC)

a,

aD)

a,

the()

2.

_____

sign

here

stands

for

_____

mistake.A)

A,

aB)

A,

theC)

The,

aD)

The,

the()

3.We

made

Joyce

_____

monitor

____

her

experience.A)

a,

becauseB)

the,

becauseC)

/

,

because

ofD)

the

,

because

of()

4.Two

months

ago

Mr.

Green

wrote

____

article

on

Shanghai

International

ArtFestival.A)

theB)

anC)

aD)

/()

5.

Q:Is

Mr.

White

_____

teacher

of

your

school?A:

Yes.

_____

teacher

is

fromAustralia.A)

a,AB)

a,

TheC)

the,

TheD)

the,

A()

6.

Paul

is

_____

European

student.

He

likes

to

study

_____

history

of

China.A)

a,

theB)

a,

/C)

an,

theD)

an,

/()

7.This

is

_____

honey.

As

we

all

know,

_____

honey

is

sweet.A)

/

,

theB)

/

,

/C)

the,

/D)

the,

the()

8.They

didn't

catch

the

last

train

because

of

_____.A)

some

heavy

trafficsC)

heavy

trafficB)

any

heavy

trafficD)

a

heavy

traffic()

9.

It

won't

take

long,

it's

only

_____

walk.A)

ten-minutesB)

ten

minutes'C)

ten

minutesD)

ten-minute's二.名词:

名词表示人或物体的名称,有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter;Party)、集合名词(family,

class,

police)、缩写名词(SARS,

CEO,

WTO)„„等。总体上说,它们可以分成两大类;即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化。例题解析:()

His

grandfather

is

_____.A)

Robert

BobB)

Tom

BlackC)

Kate

WhiteD)

Black

Green

英语中,人的姓名排列是倒过来的;先是名,即“first

name”,后为姓,即“secondname”,也可叫做“family

name”或“surname”。做这类题目,必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字,哪个单词是表示姓氏,名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷”,是男名,所以本题答案应该选“B”。()

_____

are

playing

tennis

in

the

playground.A)

The

BrownsB)

The

Brown'sC)

BrownsD)

Brown's

英语中,姓氏前加定冠词“the”,后面加“s”,有“一家人”之意。所以本题答案应该选“A”。()

Be

careful.

There

is

a

_____

hole

in

the

ground.A)

two-foot-deepB)

two-feet-deepC)

two-foot

deepD)

two-feet

deep

这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式,在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“–”来连接。由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词,因此,在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中,“一个两英尺深的洞”应译为“a

two-foot-deep

hole”,所以本题答案应该选“A”。()

He’s

got

bad

toothache.

He’d

better

go

to

_____.A)

dentistB)

the

dentistC)

the

dentist’sD)

see

the

dentists

“去看牙科医生”可译为“go

to

see

the

dentist”或“go

to

the

dentist’s”。后一个词语中的“the

dentist’s”表示“the

dentist’s

clinic”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()

The

_____

teachers

wondered

if

the

_____

students

were

in

trouble.A)

woman,

boyB)

woman,

boysC)

women,

boyD)

women,

boys

英语中,“女教师们”应该译为“women

teachers”,而“男学生们”

应该译为“boy

students”。

所以本题答案应该选“C”。()

_____

came

that

Houston

Rocket

won

again

and

Yao

Ming

got

the

most

scores.A)

A

newsB)

MessageC)

WordD)

Words“

“据说”在英语中有多种说法:It

was

said

that”、Word

came

that”、News

camethat”、“A

message

came

that”„„等。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()

All

of

a

sudden,

something

on

the

ground

caught

_____.A)

his

eyeB)

his

eyesC)

his

own

eyesD)

eyes

of

his

own“

“catchone’s

eye”是固定词组,意为“引起某人注意”;即“be

noticed

bysb.”。此句中,“eye”是“视线”之意,由“eyesight”演变而来。随着语言的发展,一些词语会产生演变,大致上都是朝“简单化”方向发展,如:countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、“campsite”→“camp”、

in

the

daytime”→“inthe

day”„„等。所以本题答案应该选“A”。()

The

lady

with

long

_____

found

her

husband

had

already

got

three

gray

_____.A)

hair,

hairB)

hair,

hairsC)

hairs,

hairD)

hairs,

hair(

要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质,要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair”

头发)就是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发”,是不可数名词;后半句说的是“三根白发”,是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。习题训练:Choose

the

best

answer

(选择最恰当的答案,用

A、B、C或

D

表示,填入空格内):()

1.

He

has

got

_____

to

tell

you.A)

a

good

newsB)

some

newsC)

a

lot

newsD)

many

news()

2.

It’s

seven

o’clock.

_____

are

sitting

at

table.A)

Mr.

GreensB)

The

Green'sC)

The

GreensD)

Greens()

3.Your

brother

is

the

same

______

mine.A)

old

asB)

age

asC)

old

likeD)

age

like()

4.

Our

bodies

need

food

to

give

us

______.A)

healthB)

strongC)

energyD)

taste()

5.Alemon

is

the

same

______

as

a

banana.A)

yellowB)

colourC)

freshD)

sweet()

6.What

kind

of

______

do

you

like

best?A)

watermelonB)

the

watermelonC)

a

watermelonD)watermelons()

7.

Look

at

this

magazine.

Let’s

do

the

______

about

eating

habits.A)

quizB)

listC)

cookingD)

dinner三.代词:

代词是名词的代用词,有指示代词(this,

those)、人称代词主宾格(I,

me)、形容词性物主代词(my)、名词性物主代词(mine)、反身代词(myself)、不定代词(either,

others,anything,

nobody)。其中,不定代词的变化最复杂。在不同的句子中,它们的变化和要求都不一样,这一点我们一定要有充分的认识,不能掉以轻心。例题解析:()

Would

you

please

give

_____?A)

him

itB)

it

himC)

to

him

itD)

it

to

him

英语中,当直接宾语(人)与间接宾语(物)都用人称代词时,一定要先讲间接宾语(物)后讲直接宾语(人),而且要在直接宾语(人)前加上介词“to”。

所以本题答案应该选“D”。()

She

always

thinks

of

_____

more

than

_____.A)

others,

herB)

the

others,

sheC)

others,

herselfD)

the

others,

herself

在英语中,“别人”属于“泛指”,应译为“others”。后半句是介词“of”的宾语。由于这里的“她”与主语的“她”是属于同一个人,因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语,要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()

Some

people

like

watching

the

sports

news,

_____

prefer

TV

series.A)

the

othersB)

the

otherC)

othersD)

another

在英语中,“一些„„,另一些„„”有两种译法:“Some

…,

the

others

…”是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情况,而“Some

…,

others

…”是指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为“一部分人喜欢看体育消息,而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧”,显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容,所以本题答案应该选“C”。()

The

light

in

the

room

was

too

poor

for

_____

to

see

it

clearly.A)

everyoneB)

someoneC)

anyoneD)

none

英语中,“too

to”意为“太„„而不能”,具有否定的含义。因此,“for

sb.”中应该选运用在否定句中的“anyone”才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()

_____

the

fuel

here

is

from

foreign

countries,

so

we

must

make

full

use

of

it.A)

SomeB)

MuchC)

The

most

ofD)

Most

of“

((

带有定冠词“the”的名词前,应该用代词词组:

some

of”

意为“其中一些”)、“muchof”

意为“其中许多”)、

most

of”

意为“其中大多数”)„„等。

the

moseof”(意为“其中最多的”)在本句中的译法欠妥,所以本题答案应该选“D”。()

Can

you

call

on

my

mother

on

Saturday

or

Sunday?I’m

afraid

_____

day

ispossibleA)

eitherB)

eachC)

bothD)

neither

在英语中,有“两者”和“三者以上”的不同词语说法:

both”意为“两者都”、“all”意为“三者以上都”、“neither”意为“两者都不”、“none”或“no

one”意为“三者以上都不”、either”意为“两者之一”、one”意为“三者以上之一”、between”意为“两者之间”、“among”意为“三者以上之间”。根据本题句意,答句应该是说“我恐怕没有一天能行”,

所以本题答案应该选“D”。()

There

are

three

bathrooms

in

the

house.

One

is

upstairs,

_____

two

are

downstairs.A)

otherB)

the

otherC)

othersD)

the

others

在英语中,“另两个”的译法有多种:“the

other

two”、“the

others”、“the

rest”。由于本句中讲到三间浴室,“另两间”的说法应该是“确指”的,因此,必须有定冠词“the”。又由于后句已经写了“two”,因此这里要选作形容词用的“other”。

所以本题答案应该选“B”。()

The

dishes

on

Table

One

are

much

fewer

than

_____

on

Table

Two.A)

thatB)

thoseC)

dishesD)

/(

要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性:这句是“the

dishes

onTable

One”(一桌上的菜)和“the

dishes

on

Table

Two”

二桌上的菜)作比较,因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略。“that”与“those”是比较级句中的专用代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数,因此,要用“those”来代替前面的名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。()

There

are

more

people

in

this

room

than

_____

in

that

one.A)

thatB)

thoseC)

peopleD)

/

要注意在“There

is

…”或“There

are

…”的比较级句型中,习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选“D”。习题训练:Choose

the

best

answer

(选择最恰当的答案,用

A、B、C或

D

表示,填入空格内):()

1.

Show

your

watch

______

me.

______

is

slow.A)

to,

MineB)

to,

MyC)

for,

MineD)

for,

My()

2.

______

do

you

like

______,

the

summer

holidays

or

the

winter

holidays?A)

What,

betterB)

What,

bestC)

Which,

betterD)

Which,

best()

3.

She

wrote

a

letter

and

enclosed

a

photo

of

_____

taken

in

her

housing

estate.A)

herselfB)

herC)

her’sD)

myself()

4.

She

told

Jack,

Tom

and

me

to

_____

among

_____.A)

talk

it

over,

usC)

talk

it

over,

ourselvesB)

talk

over

it,

usD)

talk

over

it,

ourselves()

5.

I’ll

do

it

by

myself.

I

won’t

need

_____

help.A)

anyone’s

elseB)

anyone

else’sC)

anyone

others’

D)

other

anyone’s()

6.

I

heard

_____

until

my

friend

told

me

about

it.A)

everythingB)

somethingC)

nothingD)

anything()

7.Would

you

like

_____

more

bread,

Jack?A)

anyB)

anotherC)

littleD)

a

little()

8.

Only

one

student

got

the

right

answer.

But

_____

didn’t.A)

the

otherB)

anotherC)

othersD)

the

rest()

9.

He

doesn't

think

_____

of

them

will

go

there

with

you.A)

noneB)

someC)

manyD)

much()10.

The

film

is

dull

and

_____

people

like

it.A)

a

fewB)

fewC)

a

littleD)

little()11.

Have

you

all

_____?A)

got

ready

everythingC)

got

everything

readyB)

got

everything

ready

forD)

got

ready

for

everything()12.

Help

_____

to

some

sweets,

everyone.A)

yourselvesB)

your

ownC)

yourselfD)byyourself()13.

He

has

six

uncles.

Five

of

them

are

doctors

and

_____

is

a

driver.A)

anotherB)

the

sixthC)

otherD)

the

other()14.

Believe

or

not,

I

did

it

all

by

_______.A)

meB)

usC)

myselfD)

ourselves()15.

A:

Are

these

two

books

yours

?B:

No,_____

of

them

is

mine.A)

eitherB)

noneC)

bothD)

neither()16.

Neither

of

the

twins

_____

the

toy

train.A)

likeB)

likesC)

is

likeD)

are

like四.数词:

数词有基数词和序数词之分:基数词表示数量概念;序数词表示顺序概念。首先要注意一些数词在写法上的变化,如:forty;ninth;twentieth更要注意它们在句子中的不同用法和变化。例题解析:()

About

_____

students

went

to

the

picture

show

that

day.A)

hundreds

ofB)

two

hundredsC)

two

hundred

of

D)

two

hundred

“about”意为“大约”,是指具体数量,因此,不能用表示不定数量的词语“hundreds

of”(意为“成百个”)。在表示确定数量时,英语中的“hundred”不加“s”,即不变复数。再由于“students”前没有定冠词“the”,不是“其中”之意,因此,也不能加介词“of”。

所以本题答案应该选“D”。()

_____

of

_____

Class

Four

students

have

joined

the

singing

group.A)

Three-fifths,

theB)

Three-fifth,

the

C)

Three-fifths,

/

D)“Three-fifth,

/

英语中,

几分之几”的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词,中间用短横“–”连接。当分子大于“一”时,分母序数词要加“s”。再由于本题句中数量用的是“of”词组,即意为“其中的五分之三”,因此后面的名词“students”必定是“确指”的,要加定冠词“the”。

所以本题答案应该选“A”。在这里要特别注意的是:不要看到“students”前有修饰词“Class

Four”就不敢加定冠词“the”,要懂得这里的“the”是修饰“students”的。同样,“the

English

language”词语的表达形式也类似于此种情况。习题训练:Choose

the

best

answer

(选择最恰当的答案,用

A、B、C或

D

表示,填入空格内):()

1.John

has

twelve

coins

and

Joan

has

_____

ones,

three

times

as

many

as

John.A)

thirteenB)

fifteenC)

thirty-sixD)

forty-eight()

2.The

post

code

used

in

our

neighbourhood

is

_____.A)

56348574B)

200333C)

a

quarterD)

a

dozen()

3.Today

is

her

brother’s

birthday.

_____

is

on

_____.B)

She,

May

fifthC)

Hers,

May

fifth

D)

A)

She,

fifth

of

MayHers,

May

the

fifth()

4.

_____

of

the

students

go

to

school

by

bike.A)

Two-threeB)

Two-thirdsC)

Two-threesD)Two-third()

5.There

are

about

_____

seats

in

the

hall.A)

two

hundredsB)

two

hundredC)

hundreds

ofD)twohundred

of()

6.A:

How

often

should

we

publish

the

paper?B:

_____.A)

In

one

week’s

timeB)

Once

a

monthC)After

two

weeksD)For

half

a

month()

7.About

_____

the

students

went

to

the

Science

Museum

last

Thursday.A)

hundreds

ofB)

two

hundredC)

two

hundred

ofD)

two

hundreds五.介词:

介词是一种虚词,它不能单独使用,后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名词。同一个动词,搭配不同的介词,可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来,而且在不同场合所用介词也各不相同。因此,介词的用法是比较复杂的,要求我们去逐个记住。只有在看懂、理解整个句意的前提下,才能选对正确的介词。例题解析:()

Mr.

Brown

flew

to

Washington

_____

the

night

before

last.A)

inB)

onC)

atD)

/

在表达某一天的具体时间时,应该用介词“on”。但是本句是表达“在前天的夜里”,与“在前天”(the

day

before

yesterday)相仿,前面不该用任何介词,所以本题答案应该选“D”。()

The

school

gate

is

______

the

north

of

the

classroom

building.A)

inB)

toC)

on

D)

at

在英语中,表达“东、南、西、北”的方位介词常见有三个:表示在方位区域的内部时,用介词“in”。如:The

playground

is

in

the

southof

the

school.(操场在学校的南面。)表示在与方位区域连壤的外部时,应该用介词“on”。如:Room203

ison

the

west

of

Room

205.(203

室在

205

室的西面。)表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时,应该用介词“to”。如:Shanghai

is

to

the

east

ofNanjing.(上海在南京的东面。)本题的“校门”在“教学大楼”的北面,应该用介词“to”,所以答案应该选“B”。()

You’ll

get

one

thousand

dollars

_____.A)

after

allB)

at

allC)

in

allD)

all

together

“after

all”意为“到底”、“毕竟”、“终于”;“at

all”通常与“not”连用,意为“完全不”、“一点也不”;“in

all”通常用于数量词后面,意为“总共”,同义词是“altogether”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()

This

bus

can

run

_____

70

miles

an

hour.A)

forB)

withC)

atD)

in

在表示“速度”、“温度”、“价格”意思时,应该用介词“at”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()

It’s

said

he

stayed

there

quietly

_____

two

o’clock

that

afternoon.A)

onB)

atC)

untilD)

by

“at

two

o’clock

that

afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟”,时态通常用“过去进行时”;“by

two

o’clock

that

afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟前”,

时态通常用“过去完成时”;“until

two

o’clock

that

afternoon”意为“直到昨天下午两点钟”,时态通常用“一般过去时”。本句中“stay”是延续动词,因此可用“until”句型;如果句中谓语是瞬间动词的话,就应该用“not

…until”句型了。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()

Tom

didn’t

attend

the

lecture

yesterday

evening

_____

his

illness.A)

asB)

forC)

becauseD)because

of“

在本句中,

因为生病”是一个词语,而不是原因状语从句,因此,不能选连词“as”、“for”或“because”来连接,而要用介词词组“because

of”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。()

Now

it’s

quite

important

_____

us

to

make

full

use

of

time.A)

forB)

toC)

ofD)

with(“

“It’s

important

to

sb.”

意为“它对某人来说很重要”)是词语搭配,

It’s

forsb.

to

do

…”(意为“做某事对某人来说是怎样的”)是句型。当两者交叉、重叠使用时,词语要让位于句型。所以本题答案应该选“A”。同样,I

like

it

so

much

that

…”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”,也属于这种类型的表达方式。()

It’s

nice

_____

you

to

get

the

ticket

_____

F1.

It’s

said

the

car-race

is

very

exciting.A)

of,

forB)

for,

forC)

of,

ofD)

for,

of

这句是“It’s

of

sb.

to

do”句型,意为“某人真是怎么样,做了某事”。后半句中“ticket

for”是固定词语,意为“什么内容的票子”。

所以本题答案应该选“A”。习题训练:Choose

the

best

answer

(选择最恰当的答案,用

A、B、C或

D

表示,填入空格内):()

1.You

can

draw

it

______

paints

and

brushes.A)

byB)

withC)

inD)

use()

2.What

did

you

have

______

breakfast?A)

asB)

withC)

aboutD)

for()

3.The

police

_____

helping

to

make

our

city

a

safe

place

to

live

and

work

_____.A)

is,

inB)

are,

inC)

is,

/D)

are,

/()

4.

I’ve

got

three

question

_____

you

to

think

about.A)

ofB)

forC)

giveD)

to

show()

5.We

can

ask

people

_____

the

Festival

to

do

the

quiz.A)

inB)

onC)

atD)

for()

6.What

happens

when

we

put

some

sugar

_____

a

glass

of

warm

water?A)

onB)

offC)

outD)

into()

7.

_____

they

arrived

at

the

village

after

all.A)

At

the

endB)

In

the

endC)

LastD)

Attentively()

8.The

class

teacher

was

sent

_____

Christmas

cards

_____

some

of

the

students.A)

to,

byB)

/

,

byC)

to,

fromD)

/

,

to()

9.

Q:What

is

that

film

_____?A:

It’s

a

science

film.A)

likeB)

aboutC)

onD)

for()10.

Why

not

ask

your

friend

_____

some

advice

if

you’re

really

in

trouble?A)

offerB)

to

giveC)

toD)

for()11.

The

beautiful

house

is

_____

sale.

But

it

won’t

be

_____

sale.A)

on,

forB)

for,

onC)

with,

forD)

with,

on()12.

The

weather

here

was

_____

cold

last

week.A)

a

kindB)

a

kind

ofC)

kind

ofD)

kinds

of()13.

The

singing

group

is

made

_____

four

handsome

lads.A)

ofB)

fromC)

up

ofD)

up

from()14.

Something

_____

wrong

_____

my

watch,

I'm

afraid.A)

is,

withB)

is,

inC)

are,

withD)

are,

in()15.

There

_____

a

man

and

two

women

_____

the

picture.A)

is,

onB)

are,

inC)

are,

onD)

is,

in()16.

Mary

doesn’t

know

what

lies

ahead.

_____

,

she’s

only

12.A)

At

allB)

In

allC)

After

allD)

For

all()17.

Should

we

_____

the

postage

_____

the

parcel

by

ourselves?A)

pay,

onB)

pay,

ofC)

pay

for,

onD)

pay

for,

of()18.

Alice

_____

her

service

to

the

public.A)

was

awarded

the

prize

forC)

was

proud

forB)

was

deserved

to

get

the

prize

forD)

was

pleased

for六.动词:

动词八种时态、语态和几种变化形式

八种时态语态

一般现在时

(经常,反复,爱好,特点,条件,真理)done

一般过去时

(过去发生的事,不强调现在的结果)done

一般将来时

(将要发生的事)done

现在进行时

(现在正在发生的事)

主动语态

do;

does

did;

-ed

will

doam;is;are

doing

被动am;is;arewas;were

will

beam;is;arebeing

donewas;were

doing

have;has

done

had

done

would

dowas;were

have;hashad

been

would

过去进行时

(当时正在发生的事)being

done

现在完成时

(过去发生的事,强调现在的结果)been

done

过去完成时

(过去完成的事;过去以前发生的事)done

过去将来时

(过去将要发生的事)be

done**************不定式:do;

not

do;

to

do;

not

to

do命令式:

do;

don't

do动名词:

doing过去分词:

现在分词:

doing

done例题解析:()

Look.

Mary

_____

a

nice

dog.

She

_____

it

just

now.

A)

has

drawn,

drewB)

drew,

has

drawn

C)

is

drawing,

drewD)

is

drawing,

has

drawn

在“Look”、“It’s

evening”、“Where

is

sb.

…?”等句子后面,可能要用“现在进行时”,也有可能要用“现在完成时”。反正,要根据具体情况来具体分析,考虑问题一定要从整体情况着眼。本题后半句“just

now”意为“刚才”,很明显要用“一般过去时”,因此前句如用“现在进行时”就不妥,造成句意逻辑上的错误。前句用“现在完成时”才对。所以本题答案应该选“A”。()

This

kind

of

fridge

_____

very

well.A)

sellB)

sellsC)

are

soldD)

is

sold

在英语中,表达某物销路不错,要用表示“特点”的“一般现在时”形式,而不能用“被卖”这种被动语态形式来表示。由于本句主语“this

kind

of

fridge”是单数第三人称,所以本题答案应该选“B”。()

What

_____

Mr.

Smith?

He

looks

worried

so

much.A)

happens

withB)

happens

toC)

happened

withD)

happened

to

在英语中,“发生”通常可译为“happened”或“took

place”,要注意它不能变“被动语态”。本题之意是“史密斯先生发生了什么事?他显得很焦虑。”因此,

发生”不能用表示经常行为的“一般现在时”形式,应该用“一般过去时”的“happenedto

sb.”固定词组来表达。所以本题答案应该选“D”。()

Mary:

Shall

I

tell

Michael

about

the

news?

Jack:

No,you

__________.

He’s

already

known

it.A)

can’tB)mustn’tC)

needn’tD)

don’t

本题是考核情态动词句型的正确回答。在“Must

I

do

…?”、“Shall

I

do

…?”、“Would

you

like

me

to

do

…?”问句后面都可以用“No,

you

needn’t.”(不必要)来回答。本题根据后句的句意应该选此回答为妥。所以答案应该选“C”。在“MayI

…?”问句后面,通常有以下几种否定回答:1.

No,

you

mustn’t.

2.No,

you

may

not.

3.

Sorry,you

can’t.

4.I’m

afraid

you

can’t.

5.

No,you

can’t.()

_____

clothes

are

usually

_____

near

a

fire

in

winter.A)

Washed,

hungB)

Washed,

hanged

C)

Washing,

hungD)

Washing,

hanged

“washed”意为“被洗过的”,可以修饰“衣服”;

washing”意为“正在洗的”,它该修饰人、不该修饰“衣服”。后句意为“被挂在火炉旁”,该用过去分词“hung”才对。“hanged”也是“hang”的过去分词,但是它的意思是“被绞死”。所以本题答案应该选“A”。()

The

book

_____

by

me.

I

_____

it

to

a

friend

of

mine.A)

is

written,

sentC)

was

written,

sentB)

is

written,

have

sent

D)

was

written,

have

sent

“书是被某人写的”、“书是在某地方被写的”都是表示发生在以前的动作,该用一般过去时被动语态。如过说“书是被用英语写的”,那就是指书的特点了,就该用一般现在时被动语态了。后半句意为“我把它寄给朋友了”是强调现在书不在我这里。不是强调过去寄的,不该用一般过去时,而该用现在完成时。这种类型的时态,学生最容易错,千万要注意。英语中有许多动作是以前发生的、但没有时间状语的句子都用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应该选“D”。()

Mr.

Jackson

_____

the

city

quite

well

since

he

_____

in

the

city

for

a

couple

ofyears.A)

knows,

wasB)

has

known,

was

C)

knows,

has

been

D)

has

known,

has

been“

本句中的“since”不是“自从”之意,因此,前半句与后半句用“现在完成时”和“一般现在时”的形式做是错误的。本句中的“since”意为“由于”,与“as”近义。根据句意,“熟悉城市”是表示杰克逊先生的“特点”,要用“一般现在时”表达;

他来到这个城市有两、三年了”是表示到现在为止的结果情况,要用“现在完成时”表达。所以本题答案应该选“C”。()

Could

you

tell

me

_____?A)

how

to

do

itB)

why

do

itC)

how

to

doD)

what

to

do

it“

由于“do”通常用作及物动词,因此要注意它有否宾语。要避免“C”的没有宾语和“D”的重叠宾语的错误。“B”是不定式遗漏了“to”,所以本题答案应该选“A”。关于“do”的这种特点很重要,为了熟记它,可以背一句口诀:

how

to

do

it,what

to

do”。()

English

is

his

favourite

subject.

He

can

_____

it

very

fluently.A)

sayB)

talkC)

speakD)

tell“

由于后句“it”指的是“English”,因此要用动词“speak”才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。“talk”是不及物动词,后面不跟宾语。“speak”既可作不及物动词用,也可作及物动词,宾语只能是语言。tell”的宾语有限;有“a

story”、

the

difference”、“the

truth”、“a

lie”、“the

time”等。“say”可跟的宾语最多,不再一一例举。由此句我们得到启示;即我们在做习题时不要被单词的表面现象所迷惑,一定要看清楚它的内涵,即注意到它的真正含义是什么。再举两个例子来说明注意内涵的重要性:例1.Arecorder

is

used

to

learn

English

inour

class.

例2.

His

spokenEnglish

is

poor.

Heonly

speaks

a

word

of

it.()

Mr.

Black

is

the

manager

of

this

company.

He

_____

this

company.“

1.

A)

takes

charge

of

B)

is

responsible

to

C)

is

in

the

charge

of

D)

has

the

duty

from

在英语中,他负责这家公司”有多种说法,如:

He

isinchargeof

this

company.2.

His

job

istobeinchargeof

this

company.

3.

This

company

isinthechargeof

him.

4.He

isresponsiblefor

this

company.

5.

He

hasthedutyof

this

company.

6.

He

takeschargeof

this

company.

在这里要注意动词与介词的搭配关系,不要记错了。本题答案应该选“A”。()10.

Please

_____

the

city

map

before

you

go

sightseeing.A)

look

atB)

have

a

lookC)

watchD)

read“

在英语中,

看”在不同场合有不同的译法。

look

at”意为“粗略地看”;

havea

look”意为“看一下”,其后不能跟宾语;“watch”意为“注视、仔细地看”,虽然可以跟“地图”搭配,但是,它只是表示一种“看”的状态,没有“查看路线”之意。“看书”、“看地图”都要用动词“read”,意为“阅读”、“查看”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。习题训练:Choose

the

best

answer

(选择最恰当的答案,用

A、B、C或

D

表示,填入空格内):()

1.They

_____

any

food.

They’ve

got

plenty

of

_____

for

the

picnic.A)

needn’t,

itB)

needn’t,

themC)

don’t

need,

itD)

don’t

need,

them()

2.

His

favourite

_____

is

_____

a

taxi

driver.A)

job,

to

beB)

job,

/C)

work,

to

beD)

work,

/()

3.Why

does

_____

like

_____

this

uniform?A)

he

not,

wearingB)

not

he,

wearing

C)

he

not,

wearD)

not

he,

wear()

4.You

can

not

only

learn

_____

make

the

delicious

drink,

you

can

also

_____

it.A)

to

,

eatB)

to,

eatC)

how

to,

enjoyD)

how

to,

enjoy()

5.

Have

you

all

_____

your

pens

yet?A)

preparedB)

prepared

forC)

preparationD)preparationfor()

6.

Danny

practises

_____

twice

_____

week.A)

to

swim,

aB)

to

swim,

every

C)

swimming,

aD)

swimming,

every()

7.You

must

_____

to

catch

fish

here

near

the

pond.A)

not

tryB)

try

notC)

not

to

tryD)

to

try

not()

8.When

we

_____

on

the

air-conditioner

in

summer,

we

feel

more

comfortable.A)

sitB)

putC)

turnD)

open()

9.Would

you

mind

_____

the

window

?A)

my

closingB)

my

closeC)

to

closeD)

for

close()10.

The

teacher

kept

the

pupils

______

for

five

hours.A)

waitingB)

to

waitC)

to

waitingD)

waits()11.

Mr.

Green

_____

China

for

six

years.A)

has

been

inB)

has

been

toC)

has

come

toD)

has

gone

to()12.

They

could

hardly

understand

what

the

engineer

said,

______?A)

couldn't

theyB)

didn't

theyC)

could

theyD)

did

they()13.

Tell

him

_____

afraid

of

dogs.A)

not

beB)

not

to

beC)

don't

beD)

won't

be()14.

If

he

_____

here

tomorrow,

please

tell

him

when

his

uncle

_____.A)

will

come,

comesB)

comes,

comesC)

comes,

will

comeD)

will

come,will

come()15.

The

postage

on

the

parcel

_____

me

a

lot

of

money.A)

tookB)

spendC)

paidD)

cost()16.

Have

you

_____

who

took

away

your

key

?A)

foundB)

found

outC)

looked

forD)

got()17.

Paris

isn't

the

capital

of

Britain,

is

it

?

_____.A)

Yes,

it

isB)

No,

it

isn'tC)Yes,

it

isn'tD)

No,it

is()18.

The

boss

made

the

workers

_____

for

hours.A)

workB)

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