【课件】人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit3 Sea Exploration单元语法-不定式课件

教选修第四册Unit3

SeaExplorationGrammar：动词不定式一、动词不定式的时态与语态主动语态被动语态意义一般时todotobedone表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时tohavedonetohavebeendone表示动作发生在谓语动作之前主动语态被动语态意义进行时tobedoing表示谓语动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行完成进行时tohavebeendoing表示其动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前并且一直在进行*Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.我打算参加明天举行的会议。(attend的动作在plan之后发生,且meeting与hold之间为被动关系)*Theyaresaidtobestudyingpsychology.据说他们正在研究心理学。(besaid与study同时发生)*I’mverysorrytohavekeptyousittingarounddoingnothing.让你一直无所事事闲坐着我很抱歉。(keep发生在besorry之前)*Noharmseemstohavebeendone.似乎并没有什么危害发生。(do发生在seem之前,且harm与do之间是被动关系)*Sheisknowntohavebeendealingwiththeproblemsformanyyears.大家知道她处理这类难题已经有很多年了。不定式的“被动”与“否定”(1)不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者。*It’sagreathonortobeinvitedtoMary’sbirthdayparty.被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。(2)不定式的否定式通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前,即构成nottodo或nevertodo这样的形式。*Theytookavoteanddecidednottodoit.他们进行了表决,决定放弃。*Howmanytimeshasyourmothertoldyounevertotalktostrangers?你母亲告诉你多少次了,绝不能和陌生人谈话?语法填空(1)Theworldwillbedifferent,andwewillhaveto___________(prepare)toadapttothechange.

(2)Shepretendedto__________(sleep)whenhermothercamein.

(3)Heissaidto_________________(work)inthisfactoryformorethantwentyyears.

bepreparedbesleepinghavebeenworking二、动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式可以用来作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语,表示比较具体的意义。1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语多表示将来特定的某一次动作。*Toblametheworkerwillnotmakeupfortheloss.责备那个工人弥补不了损失。*(2018·天津高考)Ittookhimalongtimetoacquiretheskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀舞者所需的技能。①不定式短语作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,往往用it作形式主语,而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。②若要说明不定式的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前面加上“for/of+n./pron.”结构。当形容词表达事物的特征时用forsb.;当形容词表达人所具有的特征或品质时用ofsb.,这样的形容词有careful,cruel,foolish,brave,good,honest,kind,rude,polite,nice,stupid,wise,wrong等。*Itisgenerousofhimtocontributesomuch.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。*Itisimportantforustolivealow-carbonlife.过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Itiscommon______(find)thistypeofpoetry,calligraphyart,hanginginpeople’shomes.

(2)Ifyouliveinacoldclimate,itwillbeimportant_______(know)yourdog’slimitsandhowyoucankeepitsafeandwarm.

(3)Itisanhonorforme___________(invite)toattendthemeeting.

tofindtoknowtobeinvited2.不定式作表语不定式作表语主要有三种情况,一是用于seem,appear,prove,turnout等连系动词之后的不定式(尤其是tobe);二是像Myjobistosweepthefloor.(我的工作就是擦地板。)这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形;三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。*Heseemstobeill.

他似乎生病了。*Herwishistobeateacher.

她的愿望就是当一名教师。*Wearetomeetatthestationatthree.我们约定3点钟在车站见面。【即学活用】语法填空(1)Itisimportanttorememberwhenyou’retryingtogetalongwithpeoplewhoareverydifficultorseem____________(ignore)you,everyoneisjustdoingthebestthattheycan.

(2)Heischildren’sbookseditor,whosejobis______(sort)throughthousandsofnewtitlespublishedeachyearandselecttheverybestonesinThe

Times.

(3)Thegoalofthisactivityis_______(meet)theneedsofcommonpeople.

tobeignoringtosorttomeet3.不定式作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help*Weagreedtomeetattheschoolgate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。(2)在某些动词如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后,常用it作形式宾语,然后加宾语补足语,最后加不定式作真正的宾语。*Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。语法填空(1)Hepretended____________(read)thetextwhenIcamein.

(2)Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused______(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.

(3)Ithinkitnecessary_______(send)foranexpert.

(4)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.

tobereadingtostoptosendtoprove4.不定式作宾语补足语(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语,如ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等。*Fatherwillnotallowustoplayinthestreet.父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。(2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示动作的全过程。一感(feel),二听(hear,listento),三使(let,have,make),五看(see,notice,observe,watch,lookat),半帮助(help),动词不定式作help宾语补足语时,既可带to,也可不带to。*Nobodysawhimcomein.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。以上单词,当其所在句子改为被动句时,动词不定式符号“to”必须保留。例如:*Thethiefwasobservedto

enterthebank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。语法填空(1)Whatcausedhim_________(change)hismind?

(2)Hedidn’tallowthestudents_____(go)there.

(3)Theteachergotsomestudents______(stay)intheclassroomafterschool.

(4)Hewasmade_______(work)dayandnight.

tochangetogotostaytowork5.不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语表示将来的动作。*Iwantedtocometoyourbirthdayparty,butIhadaprojecttofinishthen.(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。*Ineedapentowritewith.

我需要一支钢笔写字。(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。*Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有:ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。*Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。不定式作定语时,若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者,则用主动形式表被动含义;若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者,则用被动形式表被动含义。*Shehasasistertolookafter.

她有一个妹妹要照顾。(she是lookafter的执行者)语法填空(1)Thebestway_____(set)yourselfupforsuccessistomakesurethatyourgoalsareSMART:specific,measurable,attainable,relevant,andtimely.

(2)We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision__________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.

(3)Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirds______(stay)away.

(4)Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,includingyourown.

tosettobemadetostaytochange6.不定式作状语

(1)作目的状语。表示“为了”,可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性,不定式前也可加inorder或soas,但soasto不能置于句首。*To/Inordertoincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.为了提高社区服务水平,一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者服务计划。(2)作结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果,有时前面加only,以加强语气。常用于下列结构中:onlytodo表示意想不到的结果enoughtodo足够做……too...todo太……而不能……so/such...asto...

如此……以至于……*Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。*Heisoldenoughto

gotoschool.他到上学的年龄了。(3)作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时,后可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因,常用于这类结构的形容词有sorry,surprised,disappointed,excited,glad,happy,anxious,delighted,pleased,foolish等。*Maggiewasgladtobehomeinherownbed.玛吉回到家躺在自己的床上,觉得非常高兴。*I’mdelightedtohearthatyouarekeenonChinesetraditionalculture.我很高兴听到你喜欢中国传统文化。语法填空(1)__________(liberate)ourcountry,theydevotedtheirlives.

(2)________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.

(3)Maryrushedhomeimmediatelysheheardthenews,only______(find)thatherhusbandwasgone.

(4)YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwas_____(see)heryesterday.ToliberateTolearntofindtosee单句语法填空1.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’tafford__________(purchase)abook.

2.Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialparty_________(hold)whensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.

3Therewillstillbelotsofchallengesifweare_________(classify)garbageinashorttime.

topurchasetobeheldtoclassify4._______(help)uspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggestedreadingthroughournotes.

5.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskin_________(absorb)aday’sworthofVitaminD.

6.It’severyone’sresponsibility_______(make)gooduseofwater,suchasrecyclingandsavingwaterinourdailylife.

Tohelptoabsorbtomake7.Ifsuccessful,WenXu,32,willbethefirstperson_______(cross)AntarcticaalonefromtheshoreBerknerIsland,accordingtotheeventorganizer.

8.Theyhavebeenintheroomlisteningtoexplanationswhenthingsseem____________(go)wrong.

9.Jackwasinlowspiritsthosedaysandhisfriendsdidalltheycould_______(cheer)himup.

10.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain_______(catch).

tocrosstohavegonetocheertocatch

用不定式完成句子1.Chineseresearchers_________________________________________tofindandstudyareasoftheSouthPoleAitkenbasin.

中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。2.I________________________buttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelptryingit.

我当时什么都不想吃,但是那个冰激凌看上去太诱人了以至于我禁不住品尝了它。hopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4didn’tmeantoeatanything3.Thebestway__________________istodependonyourself.

解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。4.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether__________________________________________________过中秋节的时候,家人们通常会团聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。5.Itisagreatpleasureforme___________________withyouthesedays.

我很高兴这段时间和你一起共事。tosolvetheproblemtoshareameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.

tohavebeenworking6.I_____________________________beforetheendofthisterm.

这个学期结束前,我要做很多阅读练习。7.Helenborrowedmybooktheotherday,________________________

海伦在几天前借了我的书,答应我会马上还给我。havealotofreadingstocompletepromisingtoreturnitsoon.8.Althoughparents_________________________________________________,theirkidshavemarkedthempoorlyonbeinggoodrolemodelswhenitcomestodealingwithlife’sdifficulties.

尽管父母似乎给他们的儿子和女儿们提供了很好的建议,但他们的孩子们在处理生活中遇到的困难时,却很难成为好的榜样。seemtobegivinggoodadvicetotheirsonsanddaughters9.Police____________________________________________________________

警方敦促任何看到事故的人立即与他们联系。10.Thequeenbee______________________inthecombbuiltbythediligentworkerbees.

蜂王似乎在勤劳的工蜂建造的蜂巢里得到了很好的护理。areurginganyonewhosawtheaccidenttocontactthemimmediately.appearstobenursedwell使用本单元所学的语法知识补全下面语段

Thescientists1.________________(决定探索)thedeepoceaninordertofindoutwhatexistsatthefloorofthesea.Theirfirststep2.__________________(实施这项计划)is3._________________________(派一台深水机器)designedspeciallyfortheresearch.4.____________________________________________(由科学家们远程控制的机器)atthesurfaceoftheseaisinashapeofanegg.decidedtoexploretocarryouttheplantosendadeepwatermachineThemachinetobecontrolledremotelybyscientistsTheywillwatchthemachine5.___________________(潜入大海深处).6.________________________(进行这样的研究)isalongprojectthatscientistshavepreparedforseveralmonths.

divedeepintotheseaToconductsucharesearch1.Thenewphoneisveryeasy_________(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.

2.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier________(break)intosmallpieces.

3.Itcanbedishearteningtospendalotoftimepreparingamealonly______(find)yourkidsturningtheirnoseupatit.

4.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline______(save)theirvaluabletime.

tooperatetobreaktofindtosave

完成句子1._________________________________________________________________,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.

为了更容易与我们取得联系,你最好把这张卡片放在手边。2.IrememberItoldmymommorethanoncethatIhoped__________________________________.

我记得我不止一次告诉我妈妈我希望将来追求演艺事业。Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwith