高考冲刺英语阅读理解课堂练答案解析9

2020高考英语：阅读理解课堂练（6）PassageEleven(SuperconductingMaterials)Thestoneage,TheIronAge.Entireepochshavebeennamedformaterials.Sowhattocallthedecadesahead?Thechoicewillbetough.Welcometotheageofsuperstuff.Materialscience--oncetheleastsexytechnology–isburstingwithnew,practicaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductingceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics.Butsuperconductorsarejustpartofthepicture:fromhouseandcarstocookpotsandartificialteeth,theworldwillsomedaybemadeofdifferentstuff.Exoticplastics,glassandceramicswillshapethefuturejustassurelyashavegeneticengineeringandcomputerscience.Thekeytothenewmaterialsisresearchers’increasingabilitytomanipulatesubstancesatthemolecularlevel.Ceramics,forexample,havelongbeenlimitedbytheirbrittleness.Butbyminimizingthemicroscopicimperfectionsthatcauseit,scientistsaremakingfarstrongerceramicsthatstillretainsuchqualitiesashardnessandheatresistance.FordMotorCo.nowusesceramictoolstocutsteel.AfirmcalledKyocerahascreatedalineofceramicscissorsandknivesthatstaysharpforyearsandneverrustorcorrode.Asimilartransformationhasovertakenplastics.High-strengthpolymersnowformbridges,ice-skatingrinksandhelicopterrotors.Andonenewplasticthatgenerateselectricitywhenvibratedorpushedisusedinelectricguitars,touchsensorsforrobothandsandkaratejacketsthatautomaticallyrecordeachpunchandchop.Evenplasticlitter,whichoncethreatenedtopermanentlyblotthelandscape,hasprovedamenabletomoleculartinkering.Severalmanufacturersnowmakebiodegradableforms;someplasticsix-packringsforexample,graduallydecomposewhenexposedtosunlight.Researchersaredevelopingwaystomakeplasticsasrecyclableasmetalorglass.Besides,composites–plasticreinforcedwithfibersofgraphiteorothercompounds–madetheround-the-worldflightofthevoyagerpossibleandhaveevenbeenprovedincombat:ahelmetsavedaninfantryman’slifebydeflectingtwobulletsintheGrenadainvasion.Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablethatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.Butnewmaterialshavenoimpactuntiltheyaremadeintoproducts.Andthattransitioncouldprovedifficult,forswitchingrequireslengthyresearchandinvestment.Itcanbesaidafirmerhandleonhowtomovetocommercializationwilldeterminethesuccessorfailureofacountryinthenearfuture.1.Howmanynewmaterialsarementionedinthispassage?A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five2.Whydoestheauthormentiongeneticengineeringandcomputerscience?A.Tocomparethemwiththenewmaterials.B.Toshowthesignificanceofthenewmaterialsonthefutureworld.C.Tocomparethenewmaterialstothem.D.Toexplainhisviewpoint.3.Whyistransitiondifficult?A.Becausetransitionrequiresmoneyandtime.B.Becausemanymanufacturersareunwillingtochangetheirequipment.C.Becauseresearchonnewmaterialsisverydifficult.D.Becauseittakes10years.4.WhereliessuccessofacountryintheNewAgeofsuperstuff?A.Itliesinresearch.B.Itliesininvestment.C.Itliesininnovation.D.Itliesinapplication.Vocabulary

超级材料ceramic

超导陶瓷

神奇的

塑造，成型

脆性

聚合体jacket

空手道外衣sensor

触及传感器punchandchop

每一个击、打

玷污，损害风景的东西

修补，调整

服从于，遵循的

能生物递减分解的rings

放六个罐子的环状物

分解

可循环（使用的）

步兵

使偏斜，使转向newtwist

一个新的观点，方法难句译注1.Materialscience–oncetheleastsexytechnology–isburstingwithnew,practicaldiscoveriesledbysuperconductingceramicsthatmayrevolutionizeelectronics.【参考译文】材料科学，一度曾是最无吸引力（最不起眼）的技术，正以崭新的，以超导陶瓷为首的种种实用性发明绽开新颜。这种超导陶瓷可能会使电子技术彻底改变。2.Someadvancedmaterialsareoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablesthatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.【参考译文】有些高级材料是带有新方法的老标准。最新全国电话的光纤电缆由玻璃制成。这种玻璃透明度极高，一片100英里厚的玻璃比一块标准的窗框玻璃还要清晰透明。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇介绍“超导材料”的论说文,采用一般到具体的分类写作手法。先指出未来时代的材料属于超导，然后再提出三种超导材料，再逐一说明。答案详解三种超导材料。答案在第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具体讲这三种材料。第二段讲陶瓷：“新材料之关键在于研究工作者不断提高在分子水平上处理物质的能力。举陶瓷为例，由于它的脆性，长期来应用范围有限。但是通过改善导致脆性的微小缺陷，科学家制造出一种保持原有硬度和抗热性，但坚实得多的陶瓷”。第三段讲塑料。“类似的转折发生在塑料上，高强度的塑料建成了桥梁、溜冰场、直升机的叶轮。一种震动或推动就能发电的新型塑料用于电子吉他上，触及传感塑料用于机械手和空手道外衣上，它能自动记录每次击打。”后面谈及塑料垃圾可以处理，或者制造可分解还原的塑料制品。塑料内加入其他化合物加强性能。第四段讲有些高级材料由新的改变，最新的光纤电缆由玻璃制成，透明度极高，100英里厚的一块玻璃其清晰度比一块普通窗玻璃还高。说明这种新材料对未来世界的意义。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定会像生物工程和计算机一样将改变世界。”A.把它们和新材料相比较，这里不仅仅是比较，而是说明三者都具同样的作用——改变世界。C.把新材料比作它们。也不仅仅是比喻比拟。与A一样没有说到核心电。D.说明他的观点。太笼统。转折需要钱和时间。见最后一段“可是新材料只有制成产品才有影响，而这个转折可能很困难，因为转折需要长期的研究和投资。可以这么说，在不久的将来，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料转变成商品将决定一个国家之成败。”B.因为许多制造商不愿改变他们的设备。C.因为新材料的研究非常困难。D.转折要华上十年时间。这三项文内没有涉及。在超级材料时代已过之成功在于应用。A.在于研究。B.在于投资。C.在于革新。这三项都是应用的部分前提。其中A和B文内提到，C项文内未涉及。PassageTwelve(WeShouldAllGrowFatandBeHappy)Here’safamiliarversionoftheboy-meets-girlsituation.Ayoungmanhasatlastpluckedupcouragetoinviteadazzlingyoungladyouttodinner.Shehasacceptedhisinvitationandheisoverjoyed.Heisdeterminedtotakehertothebestrestaurantintown,evenifitmeansthathewillhavetoliveonmemoriesandhopesduringthemonthtocome.Whentheygettotherestaurant,hediscoversthatthisetherealcreatureisonadiet.Shemustn’teatthisandshemustn’tthat.Oh,butofcourse,shedoesn’twanttospoilhisenjoyment.Lethimbyallmeanseatasmuchfatteningfoodashewants:it’sthesurestwaytoanearlygrave.Theyspendatrulymemorableeveningtogetherandneverseeeachotheragain.Whatamiserablelotdietersare!Youcanalwaysrecognizethemfromthesourexpressionontheirfaces.Theyspendmostoftheirtimeturningtheirnosesupatfood.Theyareforeverconsultingcaloriecharts;gazingatthemselvesinmirrors;andleapingontoweighing-machinesinthebathroom.Theyspendalifetimefightingalosingbattleagainstspreadinghips,protrudingtummiesanddoublechins.Somewageall-outwaronFAT.Meredietingisnotenough.Theyexhaustthemselvesdoingexercises,sweatinginsaunabaths,beingpummeledandmassagedbyweirdmachines.Thereallywealthydiet-mongerspayvastsumsfor‘healthcures’.Fortwoweekstheycanenteranatureclinicandbestarvedtodeathforahundredguineasaweek.Don’tthinkit’sonlythemiddle-agedwhogoinforthesefadseither.Manyofthesebrightyoungthingsyouseearesufferingfromchronicmalnutrition:theyarelivingonnothingbutair,waterandthegoodwillofGod.Dietersundertaketostarvethemselvesoftheirownfreewill;sowhyaretheysomiserable?Well,foronething,they’realwayshungry.Youcan’tbehungryandhappyatthesametime.Allthehorribleconcoctionstheyeatinsteadoffoodleavethempermanentlydissatisfied.Wonderfoodisacompletefood,theadvertisementsays.‘Justdissolveateaspoonfulinwater…’.Acompletefooditmaybe,butnotquiteascompleteasajuicysteak.And,ofcourse,they’realwaysmiserablebecausetheyfeelsoguilty.Hungerjustprovestoomuchforthemandintheendtheylashoutanddevourfivehugeguilt-inducingcreamcakesatasitting.Andwhocanblamethem?Atleastthreetimesadaytheyareexposedtotemptation.Whatuttertortureitisalwayswatchingotherstuckingintopilesofmouth-wateringfoodwhileyoumunchawaterbiscuitandsipunsweetenedlemonjuice!What’sallthisself-inflictedtorturefor?Saintlypeopledeprivethemselvesoffoodtoattainastateofgrace.Unsaintlypeopledosotoattainastateofmisery.Itwillbeagreatdaywhenallthedietersintheworldabandontheirslimmingcourses;whentheyholdouttheirplatesanddemandsecondhelpings!1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_______.A.OnFat.B.WeShouldAllGrowFatandBeHappy.C.ManyDiseasesAreConnectedwithFat.D.DietDeprivesPeopleofNormalLife.2.Whydotheyneverseeeachotheragain?A.Becauseitisamemorableevening.B.Becausesheletshimeatasmuchfatteningfoodashewants.C.Becauseshedoesnoteatthisanddrinkthat.D.Becauseeatingfatteningfoodisthesurestwaytoanearlygrave.3.WhichofthefollowingwaysisNOTmentionedfordiet?A.Doingexercises.B.Noteatingsugar.C.Noteatingfat.D.Takingsaunabaths.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowarddiet?A.Persuasive.B.Critical.C.Indifferent.D.Adversative.Vocabulary

优雅的，飘渺的

愁眉不展的

肚子

突出的，突起的

作（战），实行

全面的bath

桑拿浴=pommel

用拳头连打

按摩

不可思议的，离奇的

商人，贩子

一时流行的风尚

调制品，荤素混合菜，调和物

奇妙的食物out

痛斥，鞭打a/onesitting

一口气

用力嚼

予以打击，使遭受

苗条的，不足取的，无价值的写作方法与文章大意文章论及“减肥及痛苦”。以先声夺人的男女约会入手，引入减肥的痛苦过程：首先是各种减肥的方法（全面战斗）；其次是痛苦的难熬；最后点出减肥的目的。号召人放弃减肥。三段式文章：引言，正文和结论。以讽刺的笔调，步步深入的手法劝人放弃减肥，过愉快的生活。答案详解我们都该长得胖乎乎，心情愉快。这是文章的目的，也是文章最佳标题。答案见最后一段：“这一切自我折磨为了什么？圣洁的人们不吃饭