高考冲刺英语阅读理解课堂练（21）答案解析

2020高考英语：阅读理解课堂练（21）PassageForty--One(ASmugglingSyndicate)

Thesmugglerinmanywaysisjustanotherinternationalbusinessmanandhisturnoverwoulddocredittomanyinternationalcorporations.Hisbusinesshappenstobeillegalandrisky,butlookatthestakesinvolved:$5billionworthofheroinsmuggledintotheUnitedStateseachyear,and$billioningoldpassingannuallyalongsmugglingpipelinestoIndiaandIndonesia,toFranceandMorocco,toBrazilandTurkey.PerhapshalfofallthewatchesmadeinSwitzerlandreachtheireventualwearersbysomebackdoor.Mostofthisillicittradeiscarriedonwithalltheefficiencyofanymultinationalcompany.Entirelylegitimatebusinesses,suchasatravelbureauoranimport-exportagency,arealsooftenfrontsforsmugglingorganizations.Oneoftheworld’slargestgoldsmugglersalsoownedandoperatedthefranchiseforaleadingmakeofBritishcarsinasmallMiddleEasterncountry.Hemadeagoodprofitfrombothactivities.

Asmugglingsyndicateoperatesmuchlikeanyotherbusiness.Thebossisreallyachiefexecutive.Hemakesalltheplans,establishesinternationalcontacts,andthinksupthesmugglingroutesandmethodbutremainsalooffromactualoperations.Heisaidedbyahandfulofmanagerslookingaftersuchspecialtiesasfinancing,travel(onereasonwhymanysmugglingsyndicatesfindithandytohavetheirowntravelagency),thebribingofairlineorcustomsofficials,andrecruitmentofcouriers,ormulesastheyarecalled.Theremayalsobesomeoneinchargeoflocalarrangementsinthecountriestowhichthesmuggledgoodsisgoing.

Anothersimilaritybetweenlegitimatebusinessanditsillegalcounterpartispricefluctuation.Justasthepricesofproductstradedlegallyvarywithqualityandmarketconditionssuchassupplyanddemand,sodothepricesofgoodsgoupanddowninthesmugglingtrade.Considerthepriceofdrugs.Heroinandcannabis,inwhateverformorbywhatevername,coneinseveralgrades,eachwithagoingprice.Thewholesalepriceatwhichbigdealersselltobigdealersislessthanthestreetprice.Whentheauthoritiesaresuccessfulinreducingthesupplybuyseizures,thepriceofallgradesrises.1.Themainideaforthispassageis______.A.TheComparisonbetweenLegitimateBusinessandItsIllegalCounterpart.B.ThesimilaritiesbetweenLegitimateBusinessandSmuggling.C.SmugglersMayMakeGreatProfitfromBothActivities.D.TheBossinSmugglingSyndicateisaChiefExecutive.2.Whenisthepricegoingdown?A.Thequalityofthefoodsandmarketconditionarenotverywell.B.Thequalityofgoodsandmarketconditionvary.C.Unbalancebetweensupplyanddemand.D.Thepriceofothergoodsfluctuates.3.Itcanbeinferredthatasmuggler______.A.maymakeplanandestablishinternationalcontacts.B.isarealboss.C.maymakemoneyindifferentways.D.maysellothergoods.4.Oneofthebestwayssmugglersusuallytakeis______.A.tosetupmultinationalcompanies.B.toengageinillegalbusinessesonly.C.tomakelegitimatebusinessesasfrontsforsmugglingorganizations.D.tomakegoodprofitsfrombothactivities.Vocabulary1.

turnover

营业额2.

docreditto

增光于某人/某物3.

stake

下在投机生意上的股本，赌注4.

smugglingpipeline

走私线路5.

speciality

专业部门，公司6.

recruit

招募，添补（新兵）难句译注1.Thesmugglerinmanywaysisjustanotherinternationalbusinessmanandhisturnoverwoulddocredittomanyinternationalcorporations.[结构简析]并列句[参考译文]走私者在许多方面就像一个国际商人，而他的营业额确为许多国际公司增光。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇介绍走私集团的文章，采用对比写法——正常（合法）的商业和走私（非法）集团的对比。第一段第一句就点明宗旨：走私者在许多方面就像一个国际商人，而他的营业额确为许多国际公司增光。不仅如此，有的也经营合法商业，如旅游，进出口公司等，这些往往是非法走私组织的前哨阵地。第二段介绍了走私辛迪加的经营情况非常类似其他商业。老板就是真正的（执行）董事长。他制定计划，签定国际合同，确定走私路线和方法但不参与具体执行行动。有一批经理助他管理各个专业部门，如财政，旅行，贿赂海关或航空公司官员等，还有当地接应走私货品的负责人。第三段叙述了合法和非法贸易另一个相似点——价格波动，价格随市场供需和商品质量而有所差异。答案详解1.B.合法商业和走私的相似性。是这篇文章的中心思想。它是通过对比方法说明这种相似性。并不是两者对比得出结论。所以：A.合法商业和非法商业比较。不对。

C.走私者可以从两种活动中谋取利润。

D.走私集团中的老板是董事长，只是对比中提到个别具体事实。不是中心思想。2.A.货物质量和市场情况不好。第三段第二句“正如合法商业按质论价和按市场供需价一样，走私商品也是按这两者调节价格的上升和下降。”所以当质量和市场情况不好价格就跌。B.货物质量和市场变化。这并不一定跌价，也可能上升。

C.供需不平衡。并没有说明供大于求，和跌价无关。

D.其它商品价波动。这不一定下跌。所以B，C，D都不对。3.D.可能会卖其他货品。题目是推断，（infer）。从第一段最后一句“世界上最大走私黄金商之买卖，可推断出走私商照样可以经营其他商品”。至于A.制定计划，签定合同。

B.走私商是真正的老板。

C.以不同的方式赚钱，都是文章中直抒，不是推断出来的结论。4.

C.以合法商业掩护他们走私是走私商经常采用，也是最佳的方法之一。A.多国公司。

B.只从事非法商贸，这并不是最佳方法。

D.从两方面赚钱，并不是方法，而是有了掩护所后，多一份收入而已。PassageForty--Two(ExplorationoftheTitanic)

Afterrestingontheoceanfloor,splitasunderandrusting,fornearlythree-quartersofacentury,agreatshipseemedtocomealiveagain.ThesagaoftheWhiteStarlinerTitanic,whichstruckanicebergandsankonitsmaidenvoyagein1912,carryingmorethan1,500passengerstotheirdeath,hasbeencelebratedinprintandonfilm,inpoetryandsong.Butlastweekwhathadbeenlegendarysuddenlybecamereal.Astheyviewedvideotapesandphotographsofthesunkenleviathan,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldcouldsensehermass,hereeriequietandtheruinedsplendorofalostage.Watchingontelevision,theyvicariouslyjoinedtheunderseacraftAlvinandJasonJr..)astheytouredthewreckageoftheluxuryliner,wanderingacrossthedeckspastcorrodedbollards,peeringintotheofficer’squartersandthroughrust-curtainedportholes.Viewsoftherailingswheredoomedpassengersandcrewmembersstoodevokedimagesofthemoonlessnight74yearsagowhenthegreatshipslippedbeneaththewaves.Thetwo-minutevideotapeandninephotographs,allincolorandshot12,theNorthAtlantic,wereatinysampleof60hoursofvideoand60,000stillsgarneredduringthetwelve-dayexploration.TheyarereleasedataWashingtonpressconferenceconductedbyMarineGeologistRobertBallard,44,wholedtheteamsfromtheWoodHoleOceanographicInstitutionthatfoundtheTitaniclastSeptemberandrevisiteditthisJuly.Recountingthehighlightsofwhathasalreadybecomethemostcelebratedfeatofunderwaterexploration;Ballardrevealedsomestartlingnewinformation.Hisdeep-divingcraftfailedtofindthe300-ft.gashthat,accordingtolegend,wastornintheTitanic’shullwhentheshipplowedintotheiceberg.Instead,hesuggested,thecollisionhadbuckledtheship’splates,allowingwatertopourin.Healsobroughtbackevidencethattheshipbrokeapartnotwhenshehitbottom,ashehadthoughtwhenviewingthefirstTitanicimageslastSeptember,butasshesank:thestern,whichsettledonthebottomalmost1,800ft.fromthebow,hadswiveled180onitswaydown.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.NewInformationabouttheSunkenShip.B.ExplorationoftheTitanic.C.TowatchtheVideotape.D.ToexploretheTitanicwithHighTech.2.Howdidtheviewersfeelwhenwatchingthevideotape?A.Theyfeltrathersad,andfelttheythemselvestookpartintheexploration.B.Theyfeltkeenlyforit.C.Theyfeltratherbadaboutit.D.Theyfeltoutofspirits.3.Whendidthegreatshipsink?A.In1912.B.Shesankinitsmaidenvoyagein1912.C.Shesankinitssecondvoyagein1912.D.Shesankinitsfirstvoyagein1912.4.WhatdidRobertrevealatapressconference?A.Herevealedsomestartlinginformation.B.Hesaidnothing.C.Hecomplainedtheexplorationwasveryhard.D.Herevealedthesuccessoftheirwork.Vocabulary1.

splitasunder

向不同方向裂开，散开2.

saga

英雄传说，冒险故事3.

maidenvoyage

处女航4.

celebrate

赞美，庆祝。这里指大肆宣传5.

leviathan

巨型远洋轮6.

eerie

可怕的，怪异的7.

splendor

美妙的景象8.

vicariously

产生共鸣的，代理的9.

luxuryliner

豪华巨轮10.

bollard

系揽柱11.

porthole

舷窗12.

railing

栏杆13.

evoke

唤起，引起，（招）魂14.

still

静物摄影照片15.

garner

收集，积累16.

highlight

最精彩场面，最重要部分17.

feat

功绩18.

gash

裂缝19.

hull

船体20.

plowinto=ploughinto

撞上，干劲十足的投入21.

buckle

使弯曲22.

stern

船尾23.

bow

船头24.

swivel

旋转难句译注1.ThesagaoftheWhiteStarlinerTitanic,whichstruckanicebergandsankonitsmaidenvoyagein1912,carryingmorethan1,500passengerstotheirdeath,hasbeencelebratedinprintandonfilm,inpoetryandsong.[结构简析]被动语态，中插定语从句whichstruck和分词短语carryingmorethan都是修饰liner.[参考译文]白星级定期轮班泰坦尼克号于1912年的首航中因撞上冰山而沉没，船上一千五百多名乘客全部罹难。此后关于它的种种传说一直为各种刊物，电影，诗歌和歌曲广泛宣传。2.Watchingontelevision,theyvicariouslyjoinedtheunderseacraftAlvinandJasonJr..)astheytouredthewreckageoftheluxuryliner,wanderingacrossthedeckspastcorrodedbollards,peeringintotheofficer’squartersandthroughrust-curtainedportholes.[结构简析]主从句，主句前有分词短语watching,修饰主句中的they（观众），而从句中（as）they是指Alvin和JasonJr.后面的分词短语都是说明从句中的they。[参考译文]观众们看着电视，就像亲临其境似的参与深水工作船阿尔文号和机器人探测器小贾森的工作。随他们巡视这艘豪华游轮残骸，漫游甲板，经过侵蚀的系栏柱，凝视高级船员舱，穿过满是铁锈的舷窗。3.Viewsoftherailingswheredoomedpassengersandcrewmembersstoodevokedimagesofthemoonlessnight74yearsagowhenthegreatshipslippedbeneaththewaves.[结构简析]主从句，主句中定从where修饰railings。[参考译文]看到那些栏杆使人想起七十四年前就在这艘巨轮沉入汪洋的那个暗无星月的夜晚，罹难的旅客和水手们也曾站在栏杆旁。4.

Healsobroughtbackevidencethattheshipbrokeapartnotwhenshehitbottom,ashehadthoughtwhenviewingthefirstTitanicimageslastSeptember,butasshesank:thestern,whichsettledonthe