2023年全国职称英语等级考试综合类B级试题及答案

全国职称英语等级考试综合类（B级）试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。1shefoundmeverydullAdirtyBsleepyClazyDboring2ThePresidentmadeabriefvisittoBeijingAshortBworkingCformalDsecret3HewaspersuadedtogiveuptheideaAmentionBacceptCconsiderDdrop4JackconsumesapoundofcheeseadayAeatsBdrinksCbuysDproduces5MaryjusttoldusaveryfascinatingstoryAstrangeBfrighteningCdifficultDinteresting6It'sagorgeousdayanywayAlovelyBcoldCnormalDrainy7HerlifeisbecomingmorediverseAgenerousBhumorousCvariedDromantic8ForeignmilitaryaidwasprolongingthewarAbroadeningBworseningCextendingDaccelerating9Shewasunwillingtogobutshehadnochoice.AunableBIndecisiveCreadyDreluctant10Sheisslender,withdelicatewristsandankles.AsickBweakCslimDpale11Withimmenserelief,Istoppedrunning.AsomeBenormousClittleDextensive12Thescientistsbegantoaccumulatedata.AcollectBhandleCanalyzeDinvestigate13JackeventuallyovertookthelasttruckAhitBpassedCreachedDled14SometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvanceApossibleBprofitableCeasyDwise15ThereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzleAfactBmysteryCstatementDgame第２部分：阅读判断（第16－22题，每题1分，其7分）下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择Ａ果该句提供旳是错误旳信息，请选择Ｂ；假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择Ｃ。ＰetitionsPetitionshavelongbeenapartofBritishpoliticallife.AnyonewhowantedtochangesomethingwouldgetalistofsignaturesfrompeoplewhoagreedtotheideaandeithersendthemtothegovernmentordeliverthempersonallytothePrimeMinister'shouseinLondon.TheyarealwaysacceptedatthedoorbyoneofthePM'Sofficials.Whathappensthen?Nothingmuch,usually.Butpetitionshavealwaysbeenthoughtofasausefulwayforthosewhogoverntofindoutwhatthepeoplereallythink.That'swhytheUKgovernmentlaunchedits"e.petition"siteinNovember.Insteadofphysicallycollectingsignatures,allanyonewithanideahastodonowistomakeaproposalonthegovernmentwebsite,andanyonewhosupportstheideaisfreetoaddhisorhersignature.Thepetitionssoonstartedtoflowin.TheideawasfortheBritishpeopletoexpresstheirconstructiveideas.Manychoseinsteadtoexpresstheirsenseofhumor.OnepetitionercalledonTonyBlairto“stoptheDeputyPrimeMinistereatingsomuch”.Anotherwantedtoexpel（驱逐）ScotlandfromtheUnitedKingdombecauseScottishfootballfansneversupportEnglandIntheWorldCup.OtherpetitionerscalledonthePrimeMinistertoabolishthemonarchy.Somewantedtogiveitmorepower.SomewantedtoopposetheUnitedStates.OtherswantedtoleavetheEuropeanUnion.Somewantedtosendmoretroopstolraqandotherswantedthemallbroughthome.Somewantedtoadopttheeuro（欧元）.Otherswantedtokeepthepound.Yetifsomepetitionsarenotserious,otherspresentadirectchallengetogovernmentpolicy.Apetitioncallingonthegovernmenttodropplanstochargedriversforusingroadshasalreadydrawnaroundl8millionsignatures.Inresponsetothat,arivalpetitionhasbeenpostedinsupportofroadpricing.Andthatisalsorapidlygrowing.Thereareabout60millionpeopleinBritain.Soitisunderstandablethatthegovernmentwantstofindoutwhatpeoplearethinking.Buttheproblemwiththee-petitionsiteseemstobethattheBritishpeoplehaveabout70millionopinions,andwantthePrimeMinistertohearallofthem.Perhapshecouldstartapetitionaskingeveryonetojustshutupforawhile.16ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17ThePrimeMinisterreadspetitionseveryday.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19PetitionshavebeentakentobeoneofthewaysfortheBritishpeopletoexpresstheirideas.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20Noothergovernmentshavelaunchedtheire-petitionsites.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21Allpetitionsareserious.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22ItisimpossibleforthePrimeMinistertohearalloftheopinions.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第23～30题，每题l分，共8分）下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。ANewCitizenshipTest1 Lastweek,asampleofthenewUScitizenship（公民身份）examwasreleasedbytheUSCitizenshipandImmigrationServices（US-CIS）.Itwillbetriedoutin10citiesearlynextyeartoreplacethecurrenttestin.InsteadofaskinghowmanystripestheUSflaghas,asthecurrenttestdoes,thenewoneaskswhytherearel3stripes.Insteadofhavingtonamethebranchesofgovernment,anapplicantisaskedtoexplainwhytherearethree.2 Thegoalistomakeitmoremeaningful.”explainsEmilioGonzalez,directoroftheUS—CIS.Immigrantswhopassitareexpectedtohaveabetter“understandingandrespect”forUScivic（公民旳）values,Gonzalezsays.3 TheUSisn'ttheonlycountrydealingwithcitizenshipteststhataimtogeta“sharedcommitment”fromimmigrantsfortheiradoptedcountry's“values”.Inrecentyears,inadditiontotheusualrequirementoflanguage／workskillsandeconomicstatus,severalEuropeancountrieshaveadoptedcitizenshiptests.BritainintroducedanewcitizenshiptestlastNovember.InMarch,anewDutchlawtookeffectrequiringallwould-beimmigrantstotakeacitizenshiptest.itinvolvedwatchingavideoshowingnude（裸体旳）womenbathingatbeachesandgay（同性恋旳）menkissinginpublic.Theaimwastoensurethat“newcomerswillbecomfortablewiththecountry'sliberalsocialmores（风俗）”.4 Europehasbeenknownforwelcomingimmigrantsfordecades.But,today,thefactisthatsomeimmigrantsarekeptapartfromlocalcitizensbycultureandtheybecomehostiletoeachother.PromotingintegrationhasbecomeamajorconcernforEuropeancountries,aftertheriotinginMuslimghettoes（少数民族聚居区）inFranceandthekillingofDutchpublicfiguresbyreligiousextremists.5 Officialsbelievethataperson'sattachmentto,acountrycanbetestedbyhisorherknowledgeofthecountry.However,somecriticssaythatthechangescandolittletohelppeopleassimilate（同化）themselves.”Immigrationisaculturewartoday.Isgivinganewtesttherightwaytolessentheaccusationsinthatfight?”saysAliNoorani,oftheMassachusettsImmigrantandRefugeeAdvocacyCoalition（难民辩护联盟）.23Paragraph2.24Paragraph3.25Paragraph4.26Paragraph5.APreparationfortakingacitizenshiptestBCitizenshiptestsinEuropeancountriesCImportanceofpromotingintegrationDNecessitytoknowthebranchesofgovernmentEDifferentviewsonthenewcitizenshiptestFGoalofthenewcitizenshiptest27Thequestionsinthenewcitizenshiptestaremoredifficult.28Would-beimmigrantstotheUSareexpected.29IntheDutchcitizenshiptest,allwould—beimmigrantsarerequired30Somepeoplefearthatchangesinthecitizenshiptestwilldolittle.AtoknowalotmoreaboutthecountyBtowatchavideoCtohelpimmigrantsacceptthenewcultureDtomarryAmericancitizensEtodolow-skilljobsFtoanswer第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇PoliticalSpinsLastweek,USWhiteHousespokesmanTonySnowsentjournalistsdiggingfortheirdictionaries.HecalledrecentcriticismbytheformerPresidentBillClinton“chutzpah”（大胆放肆）.Withjustonesentence,Snowmanagedtomakeheadlines,ajokeandadefenseofPresidentGeorgeW.Bush.Interestingly,thisishowbattlesarefoughtandwoninUSpolitics-withcarefully-wordedone-liners（一行字幕新闻）madeforTVwhichoftenlacksubstanceandclarity（清晰度）.“Theamountofinformationthatcandidatesattempttocommunicatetopeopleisactuallygettingsmallerandsmaller,”saidMarkSmith,apoliticalscienceprofessoratCedarvilleUniversity.Thishasbeenaccompaniedbyachangingmediaenvironment,Smithsaid.Inl968,theaverageTVorradiosoundbite（演讲中旳句子或短语）was48seconds,accordingtoSmith.Inl996,theaveragesoundbitehadshrunkTo8seconds.Thus,politicianswantingpublicitytrytomaketheirpubliccommunicationasquotableaspossible.Campaigningpoliticiansalsouse30-secondTVadsandclevercampaignsloganstoboosttheirmessages.RepublicanpresidentialcandidateJohnMcCainridestocampaignstopsinabusnamedthe“Straight.TalkExpress”.McCainhopesthenamewillconvincevotersheplanstotellpeoplethetruth-whetherit'sinfashionornot.DemocraticpresidentialcandidateHillaryClinton,ontheotherhand,haschosenthecampaignslogan“Lettheconversationbegin”.Shehopesitwillhelpherappearopen-mindedandfriendly.Butone-liners,TVadsandcampaignslogansallhaveasinglekeyingredient：somethingcommonlycalledpolitical“spin”.BrooksJackson,aformerjournalistandthecurrentdirectorofthenon-partisan（无党派旳）websiteFactC,callsspin“justapolitewordfordeception（欺骗）.”“Idobelievethatveryoftenpoliticiansbelievetheirownspin,”saidJackson.”Strongpartisanssufferfromauniversalhumantendency：Theyignoretheevidencethatwouldforcethemintotheuncomfortablepositionofhavingtochangetheirmindsandadmitthattheywerewrong.”31WhichstatementisNOTtrueofone1iners?ATheyareunclear.BTheycontainalotofinformation.CTheylacksubstance.DTheyarecarefullyconstructed.32Whatchangedfroml968to1996?APublicity.BInformation.CCommunication.DTheaveragesoundbite.33Thecampaignslogan“Straight—TalkExpress”aimsatconvincingvotersthatthepresidentialcandidateisAhonest.Bfriendly.Copen-Minded.Dwarm-hearted.34AccordingtoBrooksJackson,allcampaignslogansareAattractive.Bimpressive.Cdeceptive.Dinformative.35Whichstatementbestdescribesstrongpartisans?ATheyareveryfunny.BTheyareveryhealthy.CTheyareveryaggressive.DTheyareverystubborn（顽固旳）.第二篇ATaleofScottishRuralLifeLewisGrassicGibbon'sSunsetSong（1932）wasvoted“thebestScottishnovelofalltime”byScotland'sreadingpublicin.OnceconsideredshockingforitsfrankdescriptionofaspensofthelivesofScotland’spoorruralfarmers.Ithasbeenadaptedforstage,film,TVandradioinrecentdecades.ThenovelissetonthefictionalestateofKinraddie,inthefarmingcountryoftheScottishnorthwestintheyearsuptoandbeyondWorldWarl.AtitsheartisthestoryofChris,whoisbothpartofthecommunityandalittleoutsideit.GrassicGibbongivesUSthemostdetailedandintimateaccountofthelifeofhisheroine（女主人公）.Wewatchhergrowthroughachildhooddominatedbyhercruelbuthard-workingfather；experiencetragedy（hermother'ssuicideandmurderofhertwinchildren）;andlearnaboutherfeelingsasshegrowsintoawoman.Weseehermarry,loseherhusband,thenmarryagain.Chrishasseemedsoconvincingafiguretosomefemalereadersthattheycannotbelievethatsheisthecreationofaman.ButitwouldbemisleadingtosuggestthatthisbookisjustaboutChris.1tistrulyanovelofaplaceanditspeople.ItsopeningsectiontellsofKinraddie'slonghistory,inalanguagethatimitatestheplace’schangingpatternsofspeechandwriting.Thestoryitselfisamazinglyfullofcharactersandincidents.ItistoldfromChris’pointofviewbutalsofromthatofthegossipingcommunity,acommunitywhereeverybodyknowseye,bodyelse’sbusinessandnothingiseverforgotten.SunsetSonghasasocialthemetoo.ItisconcernedwithwhatGrassicGibbonperceivesasthedestructionoftraditionalScottishrurallifefirstbymodernizationandthenbyWorldWarl.Gibbontriedhardtoshowhowcertaincharactersresistthewar.Despitethis,thewartakestheyoungmenaway,anumberofthemtotheirdeaths.Inparticular,ittakesawayChris’husband,EwanTavendale.ThewarfinallykillsEwan,butnotinthewayhiswidowistold.Infact,theGermansaren’tresponsibleforhisdeath,buthisownside.Heisshotbecauseheissaidtohaverunawayfromabattle.Ifthenovelisabouttheendofonewayoflifeitalsolooksahead.Itisa“SunsetSong”butisconcernedtoowiththenewKinraddie,indeedofthenewEuropeanworld.GrassicGibbonwentontopublishtwoothernovelsabouttheplacethatcontinueitsstory.36WhatisSunsetSongmainlyabout?ATheFirstWorldWar.BThebeautyofthesunset.CThenewEuropeanworld.DThelivesofruralScottishfarmers.37WhichstatementisNOTtrueofChris?ASheistheheroineofSunsetSong.BShehadamiserablechildhood.CSheisthecreationofaman.DShemarriedonlyonce.38Whatistheopeningsectionofthenovelmainlyconcernedwith?ATheclimateofKinraddie.BThehistoryofKinraddie.CThegeographyofKinraddie.DThelanguagespokeninKinraddie.39WhokilledChris'husband,Ewan?AHisowntroops.BTheFrencharmyCTheGermans..DTheRussiansoldiers.40Theword“Sunset”inthetitleofthisnovelmostprobablymeansAtheendoftheheroine'slife.Btheendofthestory.Ctheendofthetraditionalwayoflife.Dtheendoftheday.第三篇CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCitiesThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexciting.metropolitan（大都市旳）atmosphere.Squares,plazas（广场）andarcades（拱廊）formtheheartofEurope'scities.VeniceinItalyhasthePiazzaSanMarco-abeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshops,churches,restaurantsandcafes.InBarcelona,Spain,LaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London'sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusicians,acrobats（杂技演员）andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondon,theyserveasabeautifulbackdrop（背景）tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames.Thesevibrant（有活力旳）heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolution,socialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.“ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakes,”saidGarreau.“Thosehaveallbeenremoved.”MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecar,sobars,restaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.Today,thefocusofmanyEuropeans'lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirts,drivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalways,livingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeople,togetherwithtourists,providethecitycenterswiththeirreasonforexistence.Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchaffingoverespressos（浓咖啡）andcigarettes.Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleinRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisittheChurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarkets,cafésandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorence,Italyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshops,andcaters（迎合）notonlytothetouristcrowds,butalsothelocalcommunity.41ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthateachbigcityinEuropeAhasmanylargesquares.Bhasmanyverymagnificentsky-scrapers.CdrawstouristsinlargenumberseveryyeanDhasacenterwheretouristsmeettheirspouses.42WhichstatementisNOTtrueofCoventGarden?AItiscrowdedwithpeople.BItislocatedinLondon.CItisfilledwithstalls.DItissurroundedbyshops,churches,restaurantsandcafes.43WhydopeoplethinkthatVeniceissogreat?ABecauseItisafamoustouristattraction.BBecauseyoucanreachanywherebyboat.CBecauseitiswell-knownforitsmerchants.DBecauseallthemistakeshavebeenremoved.44WhatareParisiansfamousfor?ATheirpursuitofindependence.BTheirenthusiasmforconversation.CTheirabilitytokeepthecityflourishing.DTheirdevotiontodevelopingamultipleculture.45ThewritercitestheDuomointhelastparagraphasanexampletoillustratethatAthereisatightlinkbetweenchurchandsociety.Ballchurchesaremagnificent.Coldchurchesareverypopular.Dhigh—risechurchesareimpressive.第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）下面旳短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌.RisingTuitionintheUSEverySpring,USuniversityadministratorsgathertodiscussthenextacademicyear'sbudget.Theyconsiderfacultysalaries,utilitycostsfordormitories,newbuildingneedsandrepairstooldones.Theyrunthenumbersandconclude-itseems,inevitably-that,yetagain,thecostoftuitionmustgoup.AccordingtotheUS'sCollegeBoard,thepriceofattendingafour-yearprivateuniversityintheUSrose81percentbetweenl993and（46）Inand,thenumberscontinuedtorise.Accordingtouniversityofficials,collegecostincreasesaresimplytheresultofbalancinguniversitycheckbooks.“TuitionincreasesatCedarvilleUniversityaredeterminedbyourrevenueneedsforeachyear,”saidtheuniversity'spresident.DrBillBrown.“Studenttuitionpaysfor78percentoftheuniversity'soperatingcosts.”Brown'sschoolisaprivateuniversitythatenrollsabout3,100undergradsandisconsistentlyrecognizedbyannualcollegerankingguideslikeUSNewsandWorldReport'sandThePrincetonReview's.（47）Tuitionatprivateuniversitiesissetbyadministrationofficialsandthensentforapprovaltotheschool'sboardoftrustees（董事）.（48）Thisboardoversees（监管）allofastate'spublicinstitutions.JohnDurham,assistantsecretarytotheboardoftrusteesatEastCarolinaUniversity（ECU）,explainsthatstatelawsaysthatpublicinstitutionsmustmaketheirservicesavailablewheneverpossibletothepeopleofthestateforfree.DurhamsaidthatNorthCarolinaresidentsonlypay22percentofthecostoftheireducation.（49）StateresidentsattendingECUpayaboutUS$10,000fortuition,roomandboardbeforefinancialaid.Amidthenewsaboutcontinuedincreasesincollegecosts,however,thereissomegoodnews.Tuitionincreaseshavebeenaccompaniedbyroughlyequalincreasesinfinancialaidatalmosteveryuniversity.Toreceivefinancialaid,USstudentscompleteaformalapplicationwiththefederalgovernment.Thefederalgovernmentthendecideswhetheranapplicantiseligible（有资格旳）forgrantsorloans.（50）ATheapplicationisthensenttothestudent’suniversity,wheretheschoolitselfwilldecidewhetherfreemoneywillbegiventothestudentandhowmuch.BAtpublicuniversities,however,tuitionincreasesmustalsobeapprovedbyastateeducationcommittee,sometimescalledtheboardofgovernors.CTheschoolcurrentlychargesUS$23,410ayearfortuition.DManyAmericanpeoplearesimplyunabletopaythegrowingcostoffood.EThat’smorethandoubletherateofinflation.FThestategovernmentcoverstherest.第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题l分，共15分）下面旳短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。HowTwoGreatConflictsHelpedtoChangeEuropeNinetyyearsagoonasunnymorninginNorthernFrance,somethinghappenedthatchangedBritainandEuropeforever.AthalfpastsevenonthemorningofJulyl,1916,whistles（哨子）blewandthousandsofBritishsoldierslefttheirpositionstoattacktheirGermanenemies.Bytheendoftheday,20,000ofthemweredead,andanother30,000woundedormissing.TheBattleoftheSomme,（51）itiscalled,lastedforsixmonths.Whenitended,125,000Britishsoldiersweredead.Theyhadgainedfivekilometersofground.ThiswasoneofaseriesofgreatbattlesduringWWI.TheattackontheSommewasstagedtorelieve（52）ontheFrench,whowereengagedinagreatbattleoftheirownataplacecalledVerdun.Bythetimethebattleended,overamillionFrenchandGermantroopshadbeenkilled.Aboutl7millionpeoplewerekilledinWWI.Therehavebeenwarswithgreaternumbersofdead.Buttherehasneverbeenonein（53）mostofthedeadwereconcentratedinsuchasmallarea.OntheSommebattlefield,twomendiedforeverymeterofspace.Localfarmersworkinginthelandstill（54）thebodiesofthosewhodiedinthatbattle.Thedeadofallnationswereburiedinaseriesofgiantgraveyardsalongthelineoftheborder（55）FranceandBelgium.Relativesanddescendants（子孙）ofthosewhodiedstillvisitthesegra