定语从句讲解PPT图表

TheAttributiveClauseRevision(复习名词性从句):

Fillintheblankswithproperwords:1._______mattersinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.2.

Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome______Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformy

mother’sbirthday.

Whatthat

3.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s

_________thebestjobsare.

4.

_________

wewillgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.5.

__________hashelped

tosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.wherewhetherwhoever6._______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.7.Hedidn’tmake_____clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.whatitComplexsentence复合句：由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。复合句=主句+定语从句一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句）另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（定语）Thestudents

(who

donotstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.主句主语从句主语从句谓语结构主句谓语结构在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。Attributiveclause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose=ofwhom(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)Whose=ofwhich(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)例如：1）Shelivesinthehousewhosewindowisbroken.=Shelivesinthehouseofwhichthewindowisbroken.2）IknewLiMing,whoseuncleisateacher.

=IknewLiMing,theuncleofwhomisateacher.Who和that作关系代词时，不能紧跟在介词后，但whom和which可以。SheisthegirlforwhoIamlooking.(ˣ)SheisthegirlforthatIamlooking.(ˣ)Sheisthegirlwho/thatIamlookingfor.(v)SheisthegirlforwhomIamlooking.(v)ThegirlwithwhomItraveledcouldspeakEnglish.(v)Attributiveclause:限制性定语从句

restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。Iwastheonlyperson

whowasinvitedinmyofficeJenny,withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday,livesinmynextroom.Theman

whocamehereyesterday

hascomeagain.ThatisMr.Wang,whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.Aforeigner,who

isathisfirsttimetoChina,wantedtobuyapen.Sheintroducedmetoherhusband,whomIhadn’tmetbefore.Thecomputer,whichhasmanyadvantages,cannotreplaceman.考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).when____JurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).________whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud)._________whenDoyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）___________where2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词或者介词+which。考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichThehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.whichthat/______Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.whowhomthat/_____Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._________________________inwhichwhen3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChina

wasfounded).whenThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.WhichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.Whichthat考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词ThisisBJ______isbeautiful.ThisisBJ______Ivisited.ThisisBJ______Ilived.Thereisahouse______roofisbroken.使用关系副词时应注意：1）time作先行词，如果前面有序数词或last修饰，不能用when,用that或省略。如前面没有序数词或last,都可:ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.Thefirsttime(that)Ienteredtheuniversitywasin2000.当先行词为theway时，关系从句不用how引导，应用that,inwhich或省略。Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)heeyedme.Whatsurprisedusmostwasnotwhathesaidbuttheway________hesaidit.

考点二：that和which的选择(1)that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。

①当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：

a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.

②

先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：

I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤

当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引导。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools

（that）hehadvisited.⑥先行词是疑问词who,which,时，定语从句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引导。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?⑦

当关系代词在从句中作表语时：

Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.

（8）当定语从句为therebe句型时，关系代词只能用that,但通常省略。Iknowthedifference(that)thereisbetweenyou.注意：but是具有否定意义的关系代词，代替人或物，相当于“that/which/who……not”,用于no或其他表示否定意义的词之后，构成双重否定，在定于从句中一般只能作主语。ThereisnooneinourclassbutknowsProfessorWang.Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalent.先行词是those,he,she等代表人的词时，一般用who，不用that.Thosewhowanttogotocinemamustmeetattheschoolgateby6:30p.m.than引导定于从句，代替带有形容词比较级修饰的名词。在从句中，可作主语，宾语，表语。Youspentmoremoneythanwasintendedtobespent.Hespendsmoremoneythanheearns.Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it考点二：that和which的选择（2）只用which的情况

考点三：as与which引导的定语从句※对这两个词作如下归纳：1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as(=which)infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。如：

Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.Asweallknow,

theearthisround.3.用于thesame…as…,such…as…，as…as…,so…as…中，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooks

asyoutellme

areinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful.b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.考点三：as与which引导的定语从句考点四：关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaper

forwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.

Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,

why=for+which

介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedate

when(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroom

where(inwhich)Ilived.=Thisistheroom

whichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereason

why(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedays

when(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定思考？是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?Thepainting(__________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(______________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(____________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace_____________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday_____________Ifirstmetyouontheship.onwhich/whenduringwhichThefilm(_____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtyesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.5.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.it5.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.6.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.7.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.8.Itisoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently.9.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.1、All______isusefultousisgood.

A、which

B、what

C、that

D、whether

*2、Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek.

A、where

B、that

C、which

D、theoneCD3、Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、when

B、whatC、which

D、why4、Thisistheschool_______myfatherworked20yearsago.A、that

B、whenC、which

D、whereCD5、Thisistheveryfactory_______wevisitedlastyear.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、theoneA6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_______learntinthepastthreedays.A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeenB7、Thecollegewon’ttakeanyone_____eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB8、Letmethinkofapropersituation_______thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA9、Theman_______youaretalkingisinthenextroom.A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whomB10、Thisisthelastfactory___heusedtow