英语写作常见错误分析1

英语写作常见错误归纳与分析（1）英语语法概述词类英语名称作用例词实词名词Noun(n.)人或物的名称girl,history形容词Adjective(adj./a.)名词的形状、容貌brave,small动词Verb(v.)表示一个动作hear,know副词Adverb(adv.)动词的状态、方式nicely,very数词Numeral(num.)表示数目或顺序one,third代词Pronoun(pron.)用于代替名词或数词等they,mine虚词冠词Article(art.)用在名词前，帮助说明其意义an,a,the介词Preposition(prep.)表示上下、左右、里外等for,from连词Conjunction(conj.)用于连接词与词、句与句and,if特殊感叹词Interjection(interj.)表示说话时的感情和语气oh,ah一、词汇二、句子句子成分：主、谓、宾、宾补、定、状、表、同位语Thatwillmakehermad.WechosePaulourhead.Susanfoundherselfinastrangeworld.Thenativesthereareveryfriendly.Thetravelerscameback,safeandsound.Thesonoftenwritestohisparents.Motherwenttobuysomethinginthesupermarket.Hebecameateacher.Theleavesturngreen.MissWu,ourEnglishteacher,iskindtous.We’vegotthenewsthatourteamwonthematch.Thosewhodrinkwaterwillneverforgetthepeoplewhodigthewell.句子种类类别例句陈述句肯定句Youthisastateofmind.TheicecreamwasfirstinventedinChina.否定句Ican’tagreewithyou./Itdoesn’tmatter.疑问句一般疑问句DidItalywintheWorldCup?/Isthereanythinginteresting?特殊疑问句What’son?/WhowillbetheMVPof2007?选择疑问句Areyouateacherorastudent?Doyoulikefootballorbasketball?反意疑问句Itisafinedaytoday,isn’tit?Nooneacceptedyouroffer,didthey?祁使句Don’ttakeeverythingforgranted./Followme,please.感叹句Whatabeautifullakeitis!/Howbeautifulalakeitis!（1）按使用目的分为句子种类（1）按使用目的分为句子种类（2）按结构分为：简单句、并列句、复合句类别例句简单句(五种基本句型)1、主语+不及物动词Thesunrisesintheeast.Aterribleaccidenthappenedjustnow.2、主语+及物动词+宾语Manyfamilieskeeppets.3、主语+连系动词+表语Chinaisadevelopingcountry.MyfavouriteattractionistheGreatWall.4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Janesentmeane-mailyesterday.Yesterdayhetoldmethewonderfulnews.5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Theparentstoldtheboytocomebackearly.Wholeftthewindowopen?Wealltrytomakeourclassaunitedandharmoniousone.并列句MarxwasborninGermanyandlaterhewenttoEngland.Themedicineisbitter,butitisgoodforyourhealth.复合句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句Whatyousaidistrue.Youknowthatbeautyshouldbenatural.That’swhereIstudied.Hemadeapromisethathewouldcomeontime.定语从句Doyouknowtheboywhoisplayingthere?ThisistheresultthatIwanted.That’sthehotelwhereIstayed.状语从句时间状语从句条件状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句地点状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句We’dfinishedtheworkbeforetheycame.Ifitrains,wehavetostayathome.Shewasabsentbecauseshewasill.Hestartedoutearlyinorderthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.Tomwassotiredthathefellbehind.LucyfoundtheMP3whereshelostit.ThoughI’mpoor,I’mhappy.DoitasIdo.YouarestrongerthanI(am).一、指代（Reference）在同一句中，代词与其指代的前述名词应在人称、数、格上保持一致。由于指代不符或不确而造成的错句在写作中是常见的，应该注意以下几种情况。例2：Studentswhowishtotakelinguisticsareaskedtosignhisnameonasheetofpaper.1．代词与前述词的人称或数不符例1：Tomwillhaveanopportunitytosubmitherownplan.例1：HeisthepersonwhomIthinkdeservesthefirstaward.例2：Asamatteroffact,itwasherwhotookthepictureofthetemple.2．代词与前述词格的不符例：Whenhethrustastickintotherathole,itranoutandbithim.3．代词在句中的指代错误例：Myfatherisanelectrician,butIamnotinterestedinit.4．代词在句中的指代不明例1：Whenthechemistaddedthepowdertowater,itturnedpurple.5．有时在句中出现同样数格的两个不同前述词，使后面代词的指代出现模棱两可的情况。例2：Susanwasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.例：Ifonewantstoexcelinathletics,youshouldwatchyourdiet.6．代词one和you用于指代意义时的不同此句应把代词one和you的使用统一起来，有两种改法：Ifonewantstoexcelinathletics,heshouldwatchhisdiet.Ifyouwanttoexcelinathletics,youshouldwatchyourdiet.一般的规则是：用于泛指意义时，常用he(him,his)，用于特定意义时才用you(you,your)。二、垂悬修饰语（DanglingModifier）

垂悬修饰语是指一个句子中同其他词没有明显修饰关系的成分。一般都出现在句子的句首，用作状语。形式有分词短语、介词+动名词、不定式短语和省略性子句等四种。判断该词组是滞为垂悬修饰语的基本原则是看它逻辑意义上的主语是否与所在句子的主语相一致，如不一致，该状语就成了垂悬修饰语，试以下面二句为例：Hearinganumberofamusingstories,ourvisitwasthoroughlyenjoyable.Toremainhealthy,abalanceddietisimportant.

在第一句，状语hearinganumberofamusingstories的逻辑主语并非句子主语ourvisit，第二句中状语toremainhealthy与句子主语abalanceddiet在逻辑意义也不一致。因此这两个状语词组都成了各自句中的垂悬修饰语，在意义上是错误的，改正的方法有二：1．修饰主句中的主谓语部分，使与修饰语逻辑上的主语一致起来。如：Hearinganumberofamusingstories,wethoroughlyenjoyedourvisit.Toremainhealthy,oneneedsabalanceddiet.

2．修改垂悬修饰语部分，使其在逻辑上符合主句意义。Sinceweheardanumberofamusingstories,ourvisitwasthoroughlyenjoyable.Ifapersonistoremainhealthy,abalanceddietisimportant.

下面列举四种形式的垂悬修饰语及两种修改的办法：1．分词短语误：Lookingoutofthewindow,thegrasslandstretchesasfarastheeyescanreach.正：Lookingoutofthewindow,wefoundthegrasslandstretchedasfarastheeyescouldreach.正：Ifyoulookoutofthewindow,youwillfindthegrasslandstretchesasfarastheeyescanreach.误：Rotteninthecellar,wehadtothrowawaythepotatoes.正：Rotteninthecellar,thepotatoeswerethrownaway(byus).正：Asthepotatoesinthecellarhadrotten,wehadtothrowthemaway.2．介词+动名词短语误：Onenteringtheroom,refreshmentswerebeingserved.正：Onenteringtheroom,Ifoundthatrefreshmentswerebeingserved.正：WhenIenteredtheroom,refreshmentswerebeingserved.

3．不定式短语误：Toplaytenniswell,theracketmustbeheldproperly.正：Toplaytenniswell,onemustholdtheracketprop