宾语从句讲解

Unit2SectionAGrammarFocusReviewTheshapeofontheMid-Autumnnighttraditionalfolkstoriesshootdownliveforeverflyuptothemooncalloutone’snamelayout以......形状在中秋之夜传统的民间故事击落长生不老；永生向上飞向月亮大声叫喊某人的名字摆开；布置Objectclauseswith

that,ifandwhether一、宾语从句的概念

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。Ilikeyou(宾语）.Hisbooksarebeautiful.(宾语）

WeknowthatMrGreenteachesEnglish.SheaskedifhelikesEnglish.二、宾语从句的引导词

引导词（连接词）that/if/whether/who/which/whose/when/where/why/how语序:陈述句语序Areyouapupil?—youareapupil.DoyoulikeLyf?—youlikeLyf.Doeshegotoschool?—hegoestoschool.Doesshehaveabook?---shehasabook.DidMJdohomework?—MJdidhomework.DidhegotoBJ？——hewenttoBJ.HaveyougonetoBJ?----hehasgonetoBJ.Willtheyeatfood?-------theywilleatfood.

—I

think

that

theSpringFestivalisreallyfun.

I

wanttoknowwho

heis.Iwonder

which

bookhewantedtobuy

Iwonder

if

youliketheSpringFestival.Idon’tknowwhether

youlikedumplings.三：宾语从句结构：主语+think/believe/wonder/know+that/if/whether/which/where/when/who/what/how+从句(陈述句语序）

从句形式：一：当从句为陈述句时候：由that引导，从句保持陈述语序。主语+谓语动词(think/believe/wonder/know)+that+从句Iknowthatheisadoctor.Hethinksthatmybookisold.二：当从句为一般疑问句时候，由if/whether引导，从句保持陈述语序。主语+谓语动词(think/believe/wonder/know)+if/whether+从句Doyoustudyforatest?1,首先变为陈述语序：youstudyforatest.2,由if/whether引导3.Iwanttoknowifyoustudyforatest?Didyoustudyforatest?------youstudiedforatest.Heaskedifyouyoustudiedforatest?三：特殊疑问词的宾语从句

主语+think/wonder等+what/where/when/who/which/how+陈述句语序Whatdoyouhave?-----whatyouhaveWhatdidyouhave?------whatyouhadWhatdoeshehave?-----whathehasWheredidyougo?-----whereyouwentWheredidyouplay?-----whereyouplayedWhichbookdoyoubuy?----whichbookyouboughtWhichbookdoeshebuy?-----whichbookhebuys.Iwonderwhatyouhave?Iwonderwhichbookyoubought?选出哪个是宾语从句√√√TheseplanetwillproducefoodandoxygenthatweneedtoliveonMars.ScientistswilldevelopplantsthatcangrowonMars.PeoplethinkthathumansonMarshavetowearspecialbootstomakethemselvesheavier.WeallknowthatMarsisaplanetinthesolarsystem.ThejourneytoMarscouldtakeonlyaveryshorttimeinspaceshuttlesthattravelathalfthespeedoflight.SomescientistsdonotbelievethatthejourneytoMarswillbeverycomfortable.1.Ihear(that)_______________________.2.Hesaid(that)______________________.3.Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________________.

hewillbebackinanhour

hemissedusverymuch

theearthmoves由that引导的宾语从句注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。aroundthesunObjectclauseswiththatⅡ.if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：

DoesMrZhaoliveinRoom208?Couldyoutellme?→Couldyoutellmeif/whetherMrZhaolivesinRoom208?Doyouhavemuchmoney?Whatdoesthebabycatask?Heasksifhisfatherhasmuchmoney.AmIcool?Whatdoesthebabyask?Heasksif/whetherheiscool.Doyouloveme?Whatdidthegirlasktheyoungman?Sheaskedif/whethertheyoungmanlovedher.CanIfly?Whatdoesthebabywonder?Hewondersif/whetherhecanfly.Willyoutakemetothesky?WhatdoesthegirlasktheSpiderman?Sheasksif/whethertheSpidermanwilltakehertothesky.宾语从句属于名词性从句。在句子中起名词作用，相当于一个名词词组，在全句中充当主句的宾语连接词原句句式解析例句that原句是陈述句that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。①Hesaid(that)hewasfromJapan．②Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.③Iamsure(that)hisdreamwillcometrue.if/whether

原句是一般疑问句if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。在口语中常用if。注：与ornot连用时须用whether，不能用if。①Idon’tknowwhether/ifhehasfinishedhiswork．②Ican’tsaywhetherornot

hecancomeontime．1.Iwonder_________you’llhaveabirthdaypartythisyear.2.Doyouknow______theChineseSpringFestivalusuallyfallsinJanuaryorFebruary?3.Heisthinkingabout_________he’llgohomenow.4.Idon’tknow________mymotherwilltakeadayoffornot.5.Webelieved_________ourdreamwouldcometrueoneday.Fillintheblankswiththat,iforwhetherif/whetherthatwhetherwhetherthat介词后用whether。whether与ornot连用连词that不能省略的几种情况在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。1.从句的主语是that。如：

Hesaysthatthatisarealking’shat.

他说那是一个真的王冠。2.that从句中含有主从复合句。如：

I’mafraidthatifyou’velostit,youmustpayforit.3.主、从句之间有插入语时。如：

Itsayshere,onthiscard,thatitwasusedinplays.

卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。4.若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：

Shesaid(that)shewouldcomeandthatshewouldalsobringherson.

她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。Ⅰ.if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：

Millieaskedif/whetherhelikedthissweater.

米莉问他是否喜欢这件毛衣。

Thefishermanwantstoknowif/whetheritwillrain.

渔民想知道天是否会下雨。Objectclauseswithifandwhether由if/whether引导的宾语从句Ⅲ.if和whether的区别二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：1.宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如：

Whetherthisistrueornot,I’mnotsure.

这是否是真的，我不确定。2.宾语从句与ornot直接连用时，应用whether，不能用if。如：

Idon’tknowwhetherornothewillcometomorrow.

我不知道他明天是否来。3.与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：

Shecan’tdecidewhethertogotoAmerica.

她不能决定是否去美国。4.从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.

我担心是否伤了她的感情。5.宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如：

Tomwantstoknowifshewon’tcomeheretomorrow.

汤姆想知道她明天是否不来这儿。6.if意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如：

IfSimoncomesheretomorrow,I’llcallyou.

假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。1.若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：

Hewantstoknowif/whethertheyhadagoodjourneyhome.

他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。宾语从句中时态的变化1.Iwonder_________you’llhaveabirthdaypartythisyear.2.Doyouknow______theChineseSpringFestivalusuallyfallsinJanuaryorFebruary?3.Heisthinkingabout_________he’llgohomenow.4.Idon’tknow________mymotherwilltakeadayoffornot.5.Webelieved_________ourdreamwouldcometrueoneday.Fillintheblankswiththat,iforwhetherif/whetherthatwhetherwhetherthat介词后用whether。whether与ornot连用Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.她说她从周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei.她说她从来没有去过峨嵋山。（从句是现在完成时）2.若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。

Didthetrainleave?Shedidn’tknow.→Shedidn’tknowif/whetherthetrainhadleft.从句时态改成相应的过去时态一般现在时一般将来时一般过去时现在完成时现在进行时一般过去时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时主句时态是过去时Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)Hesaid(that)theywerehavingameetingatthattime.他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)1.从句表达的是客观真理，用一般现在时2.从句中有明确表示过去时间的词，则从句依然是一般过去时注意：Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.HewonderedifyoustudiedintheUSAin1990.主句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时根据句意的需要用任意一种时态一般过去时与原句相对应的过去的时态客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等一律用一般现在时宾语从句歌学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。时态主从要呼应：主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。That

连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。三个问题需牢记，切莫丢东忘了西。Writesentencesusingthewordsgiven.think/LanternFestival/beautifuldon’tknow/whether/he/comehome/forthefestivalIthinkthattheLanternFestivalisbeautiful.Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomehomeforthefestival.4a4.wonder/if/mooncakes/deliciousIwonderifthemooncakesaredelicious.3.believe/WaterFestival/most/funIbelievethattheWaterFestivalisthemostfun.1.Idon'tknowifMr.Wang_____onafieldtrip.Ifhe_____onafieldtriptomorrow,pleasecallme.A.goes;willgoB.willgo;goesC.willgo;willgoD.goes;goes2.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenwasitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenisitBBChoosetherightanswers.3.Theywonderediftheteacher______usEnglishthenextterm.A.wouldteachB.hadtaughtC.willteachD.taught4.Theboyasked______anynoisefromoutside.A.whetherhadIheardB.whetherIhadheardC.whetherhaveIheardD.whetherIhaveheardAB5.Ihaven’tdecide_____I’llgooutorstayathome.A.ifB.whenC.whyD.whether6.Iwanttoknow______helovesyou.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whoDC7.Iwondered_____ourteacherwasgoingtoattendourparty.A.whetherB.whatC.whereD.that8.I’dliketoknow_____ornot.A.whetherwillhecomeB.whetherhashecomeC.whetherhewillcomeD.ifhewillcomeAC根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子。1.我认为玛丽不来了。

Idon’tthinkMary____________.2.山姆给我说他准备去上海。

Samtoldmethathe______________forShanghai.3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。

Iwanttoknow_________thereisatraintoBeijingtonight.willcome

was

leavingif/whether

改为含宾语从句的复合句1.Willthetrainarriveontime?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow__________thetrain_________ontime.2.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.LiLeiwantstoknow___________Peter_________hereyesterday.willarriveif/whether

cameif/whether

1.我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。

Wearewondering__________________________________onMars.2.你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗？

Couldyoutellme_____________________

__________________toMars?whether/ifwecanif/whethermanypeoplearegoingtomovegrowplantsCompletethesentences.3.我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。

Idon'tknow_________________________anywashingathome.4.我担心是否伤害了她的感情。

Iamworriedabout__________________

_________.whetherornothedoeswhetherIhurtherfeelings1.UncleWangcameuptosee__________therewasanythingwrongwiththemachine.2.Theshopkeeperaskedmyfather________ornothewantedtochooseabigChristmastree.if/whetherwhether3.Idon’tknow__________togoorstay.4.________thatistrue,whatshouldwedo?whetherIf5.________theywilleverbecomefutureOlympicchampionsonlytimewilltell.

WhetherCompletethesentenceswithif/whether.It’sgoodtoknow_____thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一件实事。()—Doyouknow______tomorrow?—Sorry,Idon'tknow.YoumaysurftheInternet.A.whetherwillitrainB.ifitwillrain

C.whetherdoesitrainB典型例题()—Iwonder___________.—I'mafraidwe'llbelate.A.howwecanbeontimeB.whatwearegoingtodoC.whywegettoschoollate D.ifwewillarriveatthemeetingontimeD()OvertheseyearsIhavehadanewunderstandingof_____peopletraditionallycallaperfectperson.A.how B.what C.who D.whomA()Canyoutellme_____inthefuture?A.howlifewillbelikeB.howwilllifebelikeC.whatlifewillbelikeD.whatwilllifebelikeC()—Doyouknow_____?—AttheendofJuly.A.howsoonisyoursisterrunningbackhomeB.howoftenNancyfromherpenfriendC.whentheLondonOlympicGameswillbeheldD.whenwillthenewcomputergamecomeoutC()---Peter,isthereanythingelseyouwanttoknowaboutChina?---Yes,Iamstillwondering_____.A.howisChinesepapercutmadeB.howwastheGreatWallbuiltinancienttimesC.whytheChinesepeopleliketoplaythedragondanceD.whydotheChinesepeopleeatricedumplingsatDragonBoatFestivalC()Iwonder______.A.ifDrMastillworksontheORBISplaneB.howmuchdoesthetallestmanintheworldweighC.whenAudreyHepburnhadenteredthefilmindustryD.thatArmstrongwasthefirstmantowalkonthemoonA()—Mum,canwegototheartmuseumtomorrow?—Sure.Butfirstweshouldfindout________.A.whatcanwedoB.wherewecangoC.howcanwegothereD.ifitwillbeopenD()Wedon’tknow_______themeetingwillbeheldsoon.A.when B.what

C.whether D.sinceC()Doyouknow______Guangzhoutomorrow?A.whethertheyleavefor

B.whetherwilltheyleaveforC.whethertheyareleavingforC()I'vedecidedtogotoLondonnextweekend.Iwaswondering______youcouldgowithme.A.ifB.whenC.thatD.whereA()—Doyouthink_____XiaoMingcanpassthehighschoolentranceexamornot?—Sorry,I’venoidea.A.thatB.which

C.ifD.whetherD()Hesaidthatlight______muchfasterthansound.A.hastravelled B.went

C.travels D.travelledC()Theywonder________robotswillmakehumanslosetheirjobsornot.A.thatB.ifC.whether()Ourphysicsteachertolduslight_______fasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.travelingD.totravelCA()

(2016·湖南衡阳)Myneighboraskedme_____Iheardthebignoiselastnightornot.A.whetherB.ifC.whatA中考链接()(2016·江苏南京)---Areyougoingcampingthisafter?---Atyphooniscoming.I’mnotsure_____theroadtothemountainwill