四级作文专题1

关于大学英语四、六级考试题型调整的说明自2013年12月起，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会将对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整。调整后，四级和六级的试卷结构和测试题型相同。《大纲》对四级写作的要求A思想表达1、表达中心思想2、表达重要或特定信息3、表达观点、态度等B篇章组织

4、围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点5、连贯低阻聚成端，组段成篇《大纲》对四级写作的要求C语言运用6、运用恰当的词汇7、运用正确的语法8、运用合适的句子结构9、使用正确的标点符号10、运用衔接手段表达句间关系（如对比、原因、结果、目的等）D写作格式11、运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式2013年写作部分的标准分计算方法及评分标准（写作部分占整套试卷的15%）

根据大纲规定，可将阅卷标准分为五等：

2分--条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

5分--基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。

8分--基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯;但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。

11分--切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。

14分--切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误。

除了以上五个主要标准之外，评分时还考虑以下三个因素：l.白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给零分。2.字数不足者酌情扣分(81-89个词扣1分，7l-80个词扣2分，61-70个词扣3分，51一60个词扣4分，不足50个词最多只给5分)。所计字数不包括卷面上已给主题句。3.只写一段者0-4分，只写两段者0-9分。自2011年12月始，多出现作文要求及题目均采用英文说明的新作文题型。四级写作对策细心研读考试指令,搞清楚作文的具体要求才能找到写文章的突破口把握高分关键一、结构清晰1、结构意义完整四级作文尽管有字数限制，但它必须是一篇在结构和意义上都完整的文章。一般来说，开头段交代全文主题；中间段围绕主题进行论述、说明或记叙；结尾段或总结、或提出建议、或提供解决方法等，三部分均必不可少。2、框架安排合理在动笔之前，首先要给文章定一个框架，各段的安排必须合理。一般来说，四级作文都是由三个段落组成。文章的结构和各段的内容必须根据文章主题和所给的提纲（或图画、表格）来确定，不能随意安排。3、主题不离中心全文各个段落都要为一个中心思想服务，而且每个段落都要围绕一个主题来展开，如果有游离于中心思想之外的段落或句子，文章就会显得零散杂乱、主题不明确。4、段落详略得当由于时间和字数的限制，考生一定要有布局观念，要根据主次关系对段落长短进行合理分配，既要避免“头重脚轻”，也要避免“头轻脚重”，各段的比例不能过分悬殊，主次详略安排要得当。值得一提的是，很多考生在写议论文时都会犯“头重脚轻”的毛病：前两段内容丰富，结尾段却只有寥寥两、三句，完全是对第一段（提出主题）的简单重复，甚至连用词和句式也毫无变化，显得十分苍白无力，好像是为了结尾而结尾。正确的做法是强调文章主旨的重要意义，或指出需要注意的地方，或提出希望；重申观点时应适当变换用词和句式。段落的组成四级作文段落结构一般可由三部分构成，即主题句、扩展句和结尾句一、主题句1.主题句不能太笼统。例如：Topic:OurSchoolCampusTopicsentence:Iloveourschoolcampus.Revised:Iloveourschoolcampusforseveralreasons.2.主题句涉及面也不能太窄，否则就没有展开讨论的余地。Topic:CollegeLifeTopicsentence:Igotocollegetomakefriends.Revised:Igotocollegeforseveralreasons.3.主题句不仅限于一种形式，根据不同的主题，可以有各种各样的主题句（1）直接点名某事物的作用或优点Topic:SolarEnergyTopicsentence:Solarenergycancontributetoyourfutureenergysupply.（2）指出人们对某事物的不同观点Topic:OpportunityTopicsentence:Itdiffersfrompersontopersonastotheviewofopportunity.扩展句：用来发展、证明或支持段落主题思想的。通常写扩展句的方法是举例子(forexample,forinstance,suchas,acaseinpointisthat)、列数据(accordingtotherecentstudy/survey)扩展句的特点是：清晰详实条理分明内容一致例如：Topicsentence:Cellphoneisoneofthemostpopularmeansofcommunication.Peoplemakeuseofittomakeanappointment,takeamessageforothers,discussaquestionandsoon.Peopleevenuseittohaveameetingorgiveanotice.结尾句：即总结句，用对全段进行总结、归纳或提出结论性观点的句子。结尾句的作用一般是重复段落主题和强调段落中心思想。Upuntilnow,wecanseeitclearlythatacellphoneisnotbeneficialorharmfulinitself.Thekeyliesintheuser—solongaswecanmakeproperuseofit,itcanbemosthelpfultousinmanyaspects.遣词一、准确、简洁、搭配合理二、连接词及副词的使用1.举例：acaseinpoint,forexample,forinstance2.列举：firstly,secondly,thirdly;tobeginwith,foronething,foranother,ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace3.递进Moreover,furthermore,what’smore,inaddition,besides,also,next4.因果So,consequently,asaresult,since,therefore,becauseof,dueto,hence,thus5.条件If,providedthat,unless6.让步Although,eventhough,evenif,inspiteof,afterall7.对比转折But,however,otherwise,incontrast,onthecontrary,similarly,likewise,nevertheless,comparedwith8.表示时间顺序Atthepresenttime,atthesametime,meanwhile,atlast,finally3、高分词汇显示普通词汇show高分词汇indicate,suggest,illustratereveal,unfold2.十分，非常普通词汇very高分词汇extremely,exceedingly,intensely3.好的普通词汇good高分词汇positive,outstanding,promising4.各种各样的普通词汇allkindsof高分词汇agreatvarietyof5.优于普通词汇betterthan高分词汇superiorto6.反对普通词汇beagainst高分词汇frownon7.引起注意普通词汇attractone’sattention高分词汇captureone’sattention常见错误避免一、动词时态误用e.g.Iwaswalkingalongtheroad,andtherearenotsomanycarsonthestreet.Revised:Iwaswalkingalongtheroad,andtherewerenotsomanyvehiclesonthestreet.Iamastudentwhohasstudyingincollegefortwoyears.Revised:Ihavebeenstudyinginthecollegefortwoyears.二、句子不完整S+V

e.g.Thepriceofbreadhasrisensharply.2.S+V+Oe.g.Thepoliceareinvestingthecrime.3.S+P+Ce.g.thedoctorsseemedverycapable4.S+V+O+Ce.g.TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.5.S+V+IO+DOe.g.Shegavemehertelephonenumber.三、断句错误e.g.Salmonsswimupstream,theyleapoverhugedamstoreachtheirdestination.Revised:Salmonsswimupstream,andthentheyleapoverhugedamstoreachtheirdestination.真题体验一、图画类作文（一）题型分析图画作文通常是给出一幅漫画，要求考生就图中揭示的某种哲理或现象发表个人的观点。首先，要仔细分析图画的内容、旁白或者对白，揣摩其所隐含的信息，尤其注意题干部分的文字提示，然后确定主题。一般来说，该图画反映某种社会现实或现象，或讽刺或褒扬，或呼吁，以引起考生对此现象的思考（二）思路点拨第一段，重点描述图画内容。（withabriefdescriptionofthepicture）。对图画内容的描述可以引用图画中人物的对话，也可以用自己的语言进行描写。简要描述即可，不需要展开或深度挖掘。第二段，阐明自己的观点。一般情况下，图画主题在题干中给得很清楚，这说明了审题的重要性，阐明观点之后，可以先举例说明现象再探讨导致该现象的原因以及该现象可能产生的影响等，还可以结合数字、研究、名言等进行论证。第三段，总结全文，或提出个人建议或解决方法。最后一段的写法，无论是图画、图表还是提纲类作文、甚至是一句话点评类作文，都差别不大。2013年6月DoingBigThingsStartsfromDoingtheSmallOnes

Asisvividlyrevealedinthepictureabove,theboyexpresseshisworryaboutdisposingofnuclearwaste,whilehisfathertellshimtoemptythedustbinintheroomfirst.ThepictureremindsusofanoldChinesesaying—Ifyoudon’tliketodotrivialthingslikecleaningyourroom,it’simpossibleforyourtoundertakeanyimportanttask.

Undoubtedly,thesymbolicmeaningsubtlyconveyedinthepictureshouldbeengivendeepconsiderationthatitisvitalandnecessarytodealwithtrivialthings.Doingsmallthingswellcanhelpusdevelopthegoodqualitiesneededinundertakingimportanttask,whichlaysasolidfoundationforourfuturedevelopment.Moreoftenthesesmallthingswouldmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Forexample,wesurelyknowthatthewantofahorseshoenailmaycauseakingdomtobelost.Therefore,whenitcomestothekeytosuccess,themostimportantthinglies

indealingwitheverytrivialthingwellaroundus.

Inaword,forcollegestudents,toachievegoalsneedsnotmerelythegreatambition,butthepracticalspiritofdealingwithtrivialthingsfromthebeginning.Onlyinthiswaycanwemakethehighesteminence.二、图表类作文图表类作文要求考生用恰当、准确的文字来解释说明图表。其目的是通过所给数据进行比较分析，从中找出某种规律或得出某个结论。故图表作文实际上是说明文和议论文甚至描述文等体裁的结合体。第一段：描述图表。第二段：分析图表数据所反映的现象。第三段：重申图表所揭示的问题，并提出解决办法或对未来发展趋势做出预测。2012年12月四级作文真题PartⅠWriting注意此部分试题在答题卡1上Direction：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled

EducationPays.You

shouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.\范文2012年12月EducationPaysTheabovebarchartclearlyshowsuseducationpaysin2010.Weseethatonewithhighereducationbackgroundearnsmoremoneyweeklythanthosewithlowerones.Forinstance,thecollegestudentswithnodegreegetpaid$712perweekwhereasthosewithaBachelor’sdegreecanearn$1038.Severalreasons,inmyopinion,canbeidentifiedtoaccountforthisphenomenon.Tobeginwith,comparedwiththosewithcomparativelylowereducationdegree,peoplewhohavereceivedhighereducationpossessconsiderablywiderknowledge,moreremarkablelearningandresearchability,greaterinnovationandmostofall,resourcefulsocialnetwork,allofwhichareessentialtoahigh-incomework.Also,thehigherone’seducationdegreeis,thebiggerplatformhewillhavetoshowhisability.Forexample,hiscollege,orresearchinstitutewillorganizevariousjobfairsforthemto

communicatefacetofacewithemployers.Thisphenomenontellsusthateducationisaworthyinvestment.

Therefore,substantialeducationinvestmentshouldbestrengthened.Ascollegestudents,weshouldstudyhardertobuildourcountryandstriveforabetterlifeforourselves.三、提纲类作文2012年6月真题Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOnExcessivePackagingfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象出现这一现象的原因我对这一现象的看法和建议范文OnExcessivePackaging

Inrecentyears,withtheimprovementoflivingstandard,commoditieswithexcessivepackaginghavepouredintothemarketsandstores,suchasluxuriousmooncakesandtraditionalChineserice-pudding.Suchaprevailingphenomenonleadstososeriouswastethatithasarousedpeople’swideconcernandstrongcriticism.Manyreasonsmayaccountforexcessivepackaging.Tobeginwith,anincreasingnumberofcompaniesandstoresholdtheideathatfancypackagingmayattractpotentialcustomersandstimulatetheirpurchasingdesire,thusearningmoreprofits.Inaddition,manycustomershaveawrongnotionthatthemoredelicatethepackagelooks,thehigherqualitythecommoditywillhave,whichencouragestheeviltrendofexcessivepackaging.What’smore,theprevailingphenomenonispartlyduetothelackofrelatedlawsandregulationsandstrictenforcementofthem.Inmyopinion,excessivepackagingwillnotonlywastethepreciousresources,butalsolayheavierburdenontheenvironment.Toprevenientthisphenomenonfromworsening,itishightimethatweraisedpeople’sawarenessofrationalconsumptionandsavingresources.四、一句话点评类思路点拨：首先根据给出的一句话确定本人的主题，第一段开门见山，用题目中所给的一句话引出主题，同时阐明自己的观点，然后在第二段论证该观点。第三段为结尾段，即重申题干所揭示的问题，给出合理建议。2011年12月大学英语四级作文真题PartⅠWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上．Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowrite

ashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,"Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.

I'vedoneithundredsoftimes."Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.范文NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWill

Thereisawidespreadhumoroussaying,“Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I’vedoneithundredsoftimes.”Funnyasitis,thesayingironicallyreflectsthefactthatstrongwillisthemostessentialqualityforanyonethatwantstoachievesuccess.Ourlifeinvolvesallkindsofobstaclesandsetbackswhichmayexhaustusandknockusdown.

Therefore,wemusthavestrongwilltomeetchallengesofthem.Andwhat’smore,therearemanytemptationsarounduswhenwearestrivingforsuccess.Forexample,whenyouaredoingyourutmosttoquitplayingcomputergames,yourfriendsjustplaywithgreatsatisfaction.Then,howcanyouresistsuchaterribletemptation?Obviously,onlywithstrongwillcanyouconqueryourselfandrealizeyourgoals.

Allinall,successonlybelongstothosewhocantoleratelongyearsoftoilandmakeconstantefforts,justastheoldpopularsayinggoes,“ｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｗｉｌｌ，ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｗａｙ．”四级作文常用连接词1、条件关系aslongas,evenif,eventhough,if,if……not,onconditionthat,otherwise,provided,supposing,unless2、空间关系above,across,around,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,closeathand,closeto,down,farahead,farbehind,farther,here,infrontof,inthedistance,inthemiddleof,nearby,nearto,nextto,on,ontheleft/right,oppositeto,over,there,totheleft/right,under,up3、举例说明

acaseinpoint,asanillustration,forexample,forinstance,foronething……foranother,likewise,namely,ononehand...ontheotherhand,similarly,suchas,such...as,take...forexample,thatis,togiveanotherexample,toillustrate,...thelistisendless.4、解释或定义inotherwords,insimpleterms,namely,thatis,thatistosay5、时间关系（先后顺序）aboveall,after,and,afterawhile,afterward,also,assoonas,atfirst,atlast,before,besides,eventually,finally,firstly,firstofall,further,furthermore,immediately,inaddition,intheend,inthefirstplace,last,later,meanwhile,moreover,next,now,presently,recently,secondly,shortly,sincethen,soon,then,thirdly,tobeginwith,tostartwith,what'smore

6、递进关系additionally,again,and,also,another,besides,further,furthermore,inaddition（to）,likewise,more,moreover,notonly...butalso,too,what'smore7、强调关系aboveall,actually,anyway,asamatteroffact,certainly,clearly,firstofall,inanycase,infact,indeed,inparticular,mostimportantofall,naturally,nodoubt,obviously,ofcourse,onnoaccount,surely8、因果关系accordingly,accountfor,asaresult,asfor,because,becauseof,consequently,contributeto,dueto,for,forthisreason,hence,leadto,nowthat,onaccountof,owingto,resultfrom,resultin,since,so,thanksto,then,therefore,thus9、转折关系afterall,allatonce,allofasudden,although,anything,asamatteroffact,apartfrom,but,despite,differentfrom,evenso,eventhough,exceptfor,however,incontrastto,inspiteof,instead,nevertheless,ononehand…ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,otherwise,though,unless,unlike,yet10、比较与对比关系another,atthesametime,but,bycontrast,comparedto,comparedwith,despite,differfrom,differentfrom,equally(important),evenso,have...incommon,however,likewise,incomparison(with),incontrast(to),instead,inthesameway,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,otherwise,parallel,resemble,similarly,similarto,still,thesameas,unlike,whereas,while,yet11、总结与归纳aboveall,accordingly,allinall,altogether,asaresult,byandlarge,brieflyspeaking,consequently,finally,generallyspeaking,hence,inaword,inbrief,inconclusion,ingeneral,inshort,insummary,onthewhole,so,therefore,thus,tobebrief,toconclude,tosummarize,tosumup12、引用他人的观点asitisknowntoall,assb.putsit,asweallknow,as(thesaying)goes,astheproverbsays,itisoftensaidthat,somepeopleargue13、发表个人观点asfaras...beconcerned,asforsb.,astosth.,fromone'spointofview,inone'seyes,inone'sopinion,intheeyesofsb.,itseemstosb.that,whenitcomesto……四级作文常见替换词名词：

1.影响：influence

-impact2.危险：danger-perils-hazards3.污染：pollution-contamination4.人类：humanbeings-mankind-humanrace5.老人：oldpeople-theold-theelderly-theaged-seniorcitizens6.幸福：happiness-well-being7.老师：teachers-instructors-educators-lecturers8.教育：education-schooling-familyparenting-upbringing9.青少年：youngpeople-youngsters-youths-adolescents10.优点：advantage-merits-superio