博士英语翻译可见4

AffirmationandNegationEverylanguagehasitspeculiaritiesinnegation.Andthereisindeedanimportant,thoughoftenneglected,differencebetweenEandCinnegation.Itisadifferenceinthewayofthinkingandinthemodeofspeaking.A:Areyounotgoingtomorrow?B:No,I’mnotgoing.

AffirmationandNegationinE-CTranslation

Generallyspeaking,Englishnegativewordsandexpressionsfallintothefollowingcategories:1.“Fullnegatives”:no,not,none,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere,neither,nor;2.“Seminegatives”:hardly,scarcely,seldom,barely,few,little,etc.3.“Partialnegatives”:notevery,notall,notboth,notmuch,notmany,notalways,etc.4.“Wordswithnegativeimplication”:fail,without,beyond,until,unless,lest,ignorant,refrain,refuse,neglect,absence,insteadof,otherthan,except,ratherthan,etc.1.AffirmativeinE,butNegativeinChinese

Suchcasesarefoundinawiderangeofexpressions:wordsofdifferentpartsofspeech,variousphrases,orsentencestructures.1)VerbsWaterisagoodlubricant,ifyoucandeviseawaytokeepitfromleakingoutorevaporating.如果能设法使水不泄漏或蒸发，那么水就是一种很好的润滑剂。Thefirstbombsmissedthetarget.第一批炸弹没有击中目标.2)AdverbsWemaysafelysayso.我们这样说万无一失（或：错不了）。Therelayactedvainlyduetonegligiblecurrent.电流太小，继电器不能启动。

3)AdjectivesTheseofficialdocumentsshallformanintegralpartofthiscontract.这些正式文件必须作为合同不可分割的组成部分。Wearewatchingthefluidsituationwithconcern.我们密切关注动荡不定的局势。4)PrepositionTheoryofRelativityworkedoutbyEisteinisnowabovemanypeople’scomprehension.爱因斯坦提出的“相对论”现在还有不少人理解不了。Itwasbeyondhispowertosignsuchacontract.他无权签订这种合同。Withoutsubstances,therewouldbenoworld.没有物质也就没有世界。5)ConjunctionUnlessthereismotion,thereisnowork.没有运动就没有功。wewouldratherusemachinepartsofplasticsthanuseofmetals.我们宁可使用塑料机器零件，也不用金属的。6)PhraseButforelectricityourworldwouldbestill.要是没有电，整个世界便会寂静无声。Japanisthelastcountrytoinventradar,butEngland.发明雷达的国家根本不是日本，应该是英国。7)SentenceHewas75,buthecarriedhisyearslightly.他七十五岁了，可是并不显老。Myguessisasgoodasyours.我的猜测并不比你的准确。

Thedecisionhastocome.决定还没有做出。2.NegativeinEnglish,butAffirmativeinChinese1)Verb

Irodearoundwithhimonedayseeinghowtheshipsunloaded.一天我和他乘车转了转，看看船如何卸货。

Thebosscouldfireanyemployeewhohadeverdispleasedhim.老板可以开除任何曾经得罪他的雇员。2)

AdverbandadjectiveManyagreedthatthePrimeMinisterhadineffectresigneddishonorably.许多人认为首相辞职实际上是很丢面子的。ThebirdisanunusualwintervisitortoBritain.这种鸟很少冬季到英国来。Allthearticlesareuntouchableinthemuseum.博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。3)Noun

The

illiteracy

rate

declined

from

30.4

in1910

to

22.9

percent

in

1920．文盲率从1910年的30.4%下降到1920年的22.9%。Therehasbeenseriousdisagreementbetweenthetwopoliticalpartiesoverthisquestion.关于这个问题两个政党之间存在着严重的分歧。4)PhraseTheexaminationleftnodoubtthatthepatienthaddiedofcancer.调查结果清楚地说明病人死于癌症。Students,withnoexception,aretohandintheirpapersthisafternoon.今天下午学生统统要交书面作业。

5)SentenceThesignificanceoftheseincidentswasn’tlostonus.这些事件引起了我们的重视。Knowledgeaboutthemostpowerfulcomputermanhasneverdevelopedistoovaluablenottoshare.人类业已开发出功率极大的计算机，这方面的知识极其宝贵，应为人类共享。3.DoubleNegativeforEmphasisDoublenegativeinEnglish,asinChinese,isusedforemphasis.Inthiscasewemayeitherdropbothnegativewordsorkeeptotheoriginal,dependingonwhichversionisidiomaticinChinese.Thereisnorulethathasnoexception.任何规则都有例外。Thereisnotanyadvantagewithoutdisadvantage.有利必有弊。Itssignificanceandimportancecanneverbeoveremphasized.它的意义和重要性，不管怎样强调，也不算过分。Iamnotreluctanttoacceptyourproposal．我很乐意接受你的建议。4.RoundaboutAffirmativeThisisanindirectwayofexpressingastrongaffirmative，andwhentranslatedintoChinese，theemotionoftheoriginalshouldbeproperlykept.Hedidn'thalflikethegirl．他非常喜欢那姑娘。I'mnotalittleafraidofsnakes.我特别怕蛇。

Icouldn'tagreewithyoumore.

我太赞成你的看法了。Ifthatisn'twhatIwant！我所要的就是这个呀！

Hecan'tseeyouquickenough．他很想尽快和你见面。

5.SomeTrapsinNegativeStructures

Inthepracticeoftranslation，wemayfindnowandthenthatsomenegativestructurescanhardlyberenderedintoChineseliterally，andsometimeseventheiroriginalmeaningcouldbeelusive.Thisiswhereweareliabletomakeblunders.Thefollowingaresometypicalpatternsthatcallforattention.1)not---becauseDon'tscampyourworkbecauseyouarepressedfortime.不要因为时间紧而敷衍塞责。Thisversionisnotplacedfirstbecauseitissimple.此方案并不因为简易而放在首位。2）cannot...tooIshallneverbeabletostresstoomuchforyourkindness.不管怎么感谢你，都不足以报恩于万一。Youcannotbetoocarefulinproofreading.校对时，越仔细越好。3）all／every...notAllthatglittersisnotgold．发光的并不一定都是金子。Everythingisnotstraightenedout.并非每一个问题都弄清楚了。4）both...notButyousee，webothcannotgo.但是你明白吗，我们俩不能同时走。

Boththeinstrumentsarenotprecisionones.这两件东西不都是精密仪器。5）Itbe+adj.+n.+that+negativeword...Itisagoodworkmanthatneverblunders.智者千虑，必有一失。Itisalonglanethathasnoend．路必有弯。（凡事必有变化，不会永远不变。）Itisanillwindthatblowsnobodygood．坏事未必对人都有害处。AffirmationandNegationinC-Etranslation

1.AffirmativeinChinese,butNegativeinEnglish

中国的体育运动经历了几千年的发展，但直到1949年中华人民共和国成立后才成为国家的一项事业。SportshaveundergoneseveralthousandyearsofdevelopmentinChina.Yet,notuntiltheestablishmentofthePeople’srepublicofChinain1949diditbecomeanationalevent.

对中国人来说，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之有愧，做得很不够。ToChinese,thecustomaryreplytoacomplimentwouldbetoclaimthatoneisnotworthyofthepraise,thatwhatonehaddoneishardlyenough.2.NegativeinChinese,butAffirmativeinEnglis