智能建筑外文翻译

附件9：本科毕业设计外文文献及译文文献、资料题目:Increasinganindividual’squalityoflifeviatheirintelligenthome文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：信息与电气工程学院专业：电气工程与自动化班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期：2008.4.10外文文献：Increasinganindividual’squalityoflifeviatheirintelligenthomeThehypothesisofthisprojectis:cananindividual’squalityoflifebeincreasedbyintegrating“intelligenttechnology”intotheirhomeenvironment.Thishypothesisisverybroad,andhencetheresearcherswillinvestigateitwithregardtovarious,potentiallyover-lapping,sub-sectionsofthepopulation.Inparticular,theprojectwillfocusonsub-sectionswithhealth-careneeds,becauseitisbelievedthatthesesub-sectionswillreceivethegreatestbenefitfromthisenhancedapproachtohousing.Tworesearchquestionsflowfromthishypothesis:whatarethehealth-careissuesthatcouldbeimprovedvia“intelligenthousing”,andwhatarethetechnologicalissuesneedingtobesolvedtoallow“intelligenthousing”tobeconstructed?Whileasmallnumberofinitiativesexist,outsideCanada,whichclaimtoinvestigatethisarea,nonehastheglobalvisionofthisarea.Worktendstobeinsmallareaswithonlyalimitedideaofhowtheindividualpiecescontributetowardsagreatergoal.Thisprojecthasaverystrongsenseofwhatitistryingtoattempt,andbelievesthatwithoutthisglobaldirectiontheotherinitiativeswillfailtoaddressthelargeimportantissuesdescribedwithinvariouspartsofthisproposal,andthatwiththecorrectglobaldirectionthesumofthepartswillproducemuchgreaterrewardsthantheindividualcomponents.Thisnewfieldhasmanyparallelswiththefieldofbusinessprocessengineering,wheremanyproductsfailduetoonlyconsideringasub-setoftheissues,typicallythetechnologysubset.Successfulprojectsandimplementationsonlystartedflowwhenpeoplestartedtorealizethataholisticapproachwasessential.Thisholisticrequirementalsoappliestothefieldof“smarthousing”;ifwegenuinelywantittohavebenefittothecommunityratherthanjusttechnologicalinterest.Havingsaidthis,muchoftheworkoutlinedbelowisextremelyimportantandcontainsagreatdealofnoveltywithintheirindividualtopics.Health-CareandSupportivehousing：Todate,therehasbeenlittlecoordinatedresearchonhow“smarthouse”technologiescanassistfrailseniorsinremainingathome,and/orreducethecostsexperiencedbytheirinformalcaregivers.Thus,thepurposeoftheproposedresearchistodeterminetheusefulnessofavarietyofresidentialtechnologiesinhelpingseniorsmaintaintheirindependenceandinhelpingcaregiverssustaintheircaringactivities.Theoveralldesignoftheresearchistofocusontwogroupsofseniors.Thefirstisseniorswhoarebeingdischargedfromanacutecaresettingwiththepotentialforreducedabilitytoremainindependent.Anexampleisseniorswhohavehadhipreplacementsurgery.Thisgroupmaybenefitfromtechnologiesthatwouldhelpthembecomeadaptedtotheirreducedmobility.Thesecondisseniorswhohaveachronichealthproblemsuchasdementiaandwhoarereceivingassistancefromaninformalcaregiverlivingatadistance.Informalcaregiverslivingatadistancefromthecared-forseniorareathighriskofcaregiverburnout.Monitoringthecared-forseniorforhealthandsafetyisoneoftheimportanttasksdonebysuchcaregivers.Devicessuchasfloorsensors(todeterminewhethertheseniorhasfallen)andaccesscontrolstoensuresafetyfromintrudersortoindicateelopementbyaseniorwithdementiacouldreducecaregivertimespentcommutingtomonitorthesenior.Forbothsamples,trialswouldconsistofextendedperiodsofresidencewithinthe‘smarthouse’.Samplesofseniorsbeingdischargedfromacutecarewouldberecruitedfromacutecarehospitals.Samplesofseniorsbeingcaredforbyinformalcaregiversatadistancecouldberecruitedthroughdementiadiagnosisclinicsorthroughrequestfromcaregiversforrespite.Limitedamountsofclinicalandhealthserviceresearchhasbeenconducteduponseniors(withcomplexhealthproblems)incontrolledenvironmentssuchasthatrepresentedbythe“smarthouse”.Forexample,itisknownthatnightvisionoftheagedispoorbutthereisverylittleinformationregardingtheoptimumleveloflightingafterwakeningorfornightactivities.Fallingisamajorissueforolderpersons;anditresultsininjuries,disabilitiesandadditionalhealthcarecosts.Forthosewithdementingillnesses,safetyisthekeyissueduringperformanceoftheactivitiesofdailyliving(ADL).ItisvitalforustobeabletomonitorwherepatientswouldfallduringADL.Patientsandcaregiversactivitieswouldbemonitoredanddatawillbecollectedinthefollowingconditions.Projectswouldconcentrateonsub-populations,withaviewtocollectingscientificdataabouttheirconditionsandtheimpactoftechnologyupontheirlifestyles.Forexample:-Personswithstablechronicdisabilityfollowingastrokeandtheircaregivers:toresearchoptimummodels,typesandlocationofvarioussensorsforsuchpatients(thesepatientsmayhaveneglect,hemiplegia,aphasiaandjudgmentproblems);toresearchpatternofmovementsduringtheambulation,useofwheelchairsorcanesonvarioustypeoffloormaterial;toresearchcaregiverssupportthroughe-healthtechnology;tomonitorfrequenciesandlocationofthefalls;toevaluatethevalueofsmartappliancesforstrokepatientsandcaregivers;toevaluateinformationandcommunicationtechnologysetupforTele-homecare;toevaluatetechnologyinterfaceforTele-homecarestaffandclients;toevaluatethemosteffectivewayoflightingthevariouspartofthehouse;tomodifyordevelopnewtechnologytoenhancecomfortandconvenienceofstrokepatientsandcaregivers;toevaluatethevalueofsurveillancesystemsinassistingcaregivers.-PersonswithAlzheimer’sdiseaseandtheircaregivers:toevaluatetheeffectofsmarthouse(unfamiliarenvironment)ontheirabilitytoconductself-carewithandwithoutprompting;toevaluatetheirabilitytouseunfamiliarequipmentinthesmarthouse;toevaluateandmonitorpersonswithAlzheimer’sdiseasemovementpattern;toevaluateandmonitorfallsorwandering;toevaluatethetypeandmodelofsensorstomonitorpatients;toevaluatetheeffectofwallcolorforpatientsandcaregivers;toevaluatethevalueofproperlighting.Technology-UbiquitousComputing：Theubiquitouscomputinginfrastructureisviewedasthebackboneofthe“intelligence”withinthehouse.Incommonwithallubiquitouscomputingsystems,theprimarycomponentswiththissystemwillbe:thearrayofsensors,thecommunicationinfrastructureandthesoftwarecontrol(baseduponsoftwareagents)infrastructure.Again,itisconsideredessentialthatthistopicisinvestigatedholistically.Sensordesign:Thefocusofresearchherewillbedevelopmentof(micro)-sensorsandsensorarraysusingsmartmaterials,e.g.piezoelectricmaterials,magnetostrictivematerialsandshapememoryalloys(SMAs).Inparticular,SMAsareaclassofsmartmaterialsthatareattractivecandidatesforsensingandactuatingapplicationsprimarilybecauseoftheirextraordinarilyhighworkoutput/volumeratiocomparedtoothersmartmaterials.SMAsundergoasolid-solidphasetransformationwhensubjectedtoanappropriateregimeofmechanicalandthermalload,resultinginamacroscopicchangeindimensionsandshape;thischangeisrecoverablebyreversingthethermomechanicalloadingandisknownasaone-wayshapememoryeffect.Duetothismaterialfeature,SMAscanbeusedasbothasensorandanactuator.AveryrecentdevelopmentisanefforttoincorporateSMAsinmicro-electromechanicalsystems(MEMS)sothatthesematerialscanbeusedasintegralpartsofmicro-sensorsandactuators.MEMSareanareaofactivitywheresomeofthetechnologyismatureenoughforpossiblecommercialapplicationstoemerge.Someexamplesaremicro-chemicalanalyzers,humidityandpressuresensors,MEMSforflowcontrol,syntheticjetactuatorsandopticalMEMS(forthenextgenerationinternet).IncorporatingSMAsinMEMSisarelativelyneweffortintheresearchcommunity;tothebestofourknowledge,onlyonegroup(Prof.GregCarman,MechanicalEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles)hassuccessfullydemonstratedthedynamicpropertiesofSMA-basedMEMS.Here,thefocuswillbetoharnessthesensingandactuationcapabilitiesofsmartmaterialstodesignandfabricateusefulandeconomicallyviablemicro-sensorsandactuators.Communications:Constructionanduseofan“intelligenthouse”offersextensiveopportunitiestoanalyzeandverifytheoperationofwirelessandwiredhome-basedcommunicationservices.Whilesomeofthesearealreadywidelyexplored,manyoftheissueshavereceivedlittleornoattention.Itisproposedtoinvestigatethefollowingissues:Measurementofchannelstatisticsinaresidentialenvironment:knowledgeoftheindoorwirelesschannelstatisticsiscriticalforenablingthedesignofefficienttransmittersandreceivers,aswellasdeterminingappropriatelevelsofsignalpower,datatransferrates,modulationtechniques,anderrorcontrolcodesforthewirelesslinks.Interference,channeldistortion,andspectrallimitationsthatarisesasaresultofequipmentforthedisabled(wheelchairs,IVstands,monitoringequipment,etc.)isofparticularinterest.Design,analysis,andverificationofenhancedantennasforindoorwirelesscommunications.Indoorwirelesscommunicationspresenttheneedforcompactandruggedantennas.Newantennadesigns,optimizedfordesireddatarates,frequencyofoperation,andspatialrequirements,couldbeconsidered.Verificationandanalysisofoperationofindoorwirelessnetworks:wirelessnetworkingstandardsforhomeautomationhaverecentlybeencommercialized.Integrationofoneormoreofthesesystemsintothesmarthousewouldprovidetheopportunitytoverifytheoperationofthesesystems,examinetheirlimitations,anddeterminewhetherthestandardsareover-designedtomeettypicalrequirements.Determinationofeffectivecommunicationswiringplansfor“smarthomes.”:thereexistperformance/costtradeoffsregardingwiredandwirelessinfrastructure.Measurementandanalysisofvariouswirelessnetworkconfigurationswillallowfordeterminationofappropriatenetworkdesigns.Considerationofcoordinatingindoorcommunicationsystemswithlarger-scalecommunicationsystems:indoorwirelessnetworksarelocaltothevicinityoftheresidence.Thereexistbroader-scalenetworks,suchasthecellulartelephonenetwork,fixedwirelessnetworks,andsatellite-basedcommunicationnetworks.Theviabilityandusefulnessofcompatibilitybetweentheseservicesforthepurposesofhealth-caremonitoring,thetrackingofdementiapatients,etcneedstobeconsidered.SoftwareAgentsandtheirEngineering:Anembedded-agentcanbeconsideredtheequivalentofsupplyingafriendlyexpertwithaproduct.Embedded-agentsforIntelligentBuildingsposeanumberofchallengesbothatthelevelofthedesignmethodologyaswellastheresultingdetailedimplementation.Projectsinthisareawillinclude：Architecturesforlarge-scaleagentsystemsforhumaninhabitedenvironment:successfuldeploymentofagenttechnologyinresidential/extendedcareenvironmentsrequiresthedesignofnewarchitecturesforthesesystems.Asuitablearchitectureshouldbesimpleandflexibletoprovideefficientagentoperationinrealtime.Atthesametime,itshouldbehierarchicalandrigidtoallowenforcementofrulesandrestrictionsensuringsafetyoftheinhabitantsofthebuildingsystem.Thesecontradictoryrequirementshavetoberesolvedbydesigninganewarchitecturethatwillbesharedbyallagentsinthesystem.RobustDecisionandControlStructuresforLearningAgents:toachievelife-longlearningabilities,theagentsneedtobeequippedwithpowerfulmechanismsforlearningandadaptation.Isolateduseofsometraditionallearningsystemsisnotpossibleduetohigh-expectedlifespanoftheseagents.Weintendtodevelophybridlearningsystemscombiningseverallearningandrepresentationtechniquesinanemergentfashion.Suchsystemswillapplydifferentapproachesbasedontheirownmaturityandontheamountofchangenecessarytoadapttoanewsituationorlearnnewbehaviors.Tocopewithhighlevelsofnon-determinism(fromsuchsourcesasinteractionwithunpredictablehumanusers),robustbehaviorswillbedesignedandimplementedcapableofdealingwithdifferenttypesofuncertainty(babilisticandfuzzyuncertainty)usingadvancedtechniquesforsensoryanddatafusion,andinferencemechanismsbasedontechniquesofcomputationalintelligence.Automaticmodelingofreal-worldobjects,includingindividualhouseholders:Theproblemshereare:“thelocatingandextracting”ofinformationessentialforrepresentationofpersonalityandhabitsofanindividual;developmentofsystemsthat“followandadoptto”individual’smoodandbehavior.Thesolutions,basedondataminingandevolutionarytechniques,willutilize:(1)clusteringmethods,classificationtressandassociationdiscoverytechniquesfortheclassificationandpartitionofimportantrelationshipsamongdifferentattributesforvariousfeaturesbelongingtoanindividual,thisisanessentialelementinfindingbehavioralpatternsofanindividual;and(2)neuro-fuzzyandrule-basedsystemswithlearningandadaptationcapabilitiesusedtodevelopmodelsofanindividual’scharacteristics,thisisessentialforestimationandpredictionofpotentialactivitiesandforwardplanning.Investigationofframeworkcharacteristicsforubiquitouscomputing:Considerdistributedandinternet-basedsystems,whichperhapshavethemostincommonwithubiquitouscomputing,hereagain,thelargestimpactisnotfromspecificsoftwareengineeringprocesses,butisfromavailablesoftwareframeworksor‘toolkits’,whichallowtherapidconstructionanddeploymentofmanyofthesystemsintheseareas.Hence,itisproposedthattheconstructionoftheubiquitouscomputinginfrastructureforthe“smarthouse”shouldalsobeutilizedasasoftwareengineeringstudy.Researcherswouldstartbyvisitingthefewgenuineubiquitouscomputingsystemsinexistencetoday,totrytobuildupaninitialpictureofthefunctionalityoftheframework.(ThisapproachhasobviouslyparallelswiththeapproachofGamma,Helm,JohnsonandVlissidesdeployedfortheirgroundbreakingworkon“designpatterns”.Unfortunately,incomparisontotheirwork,thesamplesizeherewillbeextremelysmall,andhence,additionalworkwillberequiredtoproducereliableanswers.)Thisinitialframeworkwillsubsequentlybeusedasthebasisofthesmarthouse’ssoftwaresystem.Undoubtedly,thisinitialframeworkwillsubstantiallyevolveduringtheconstructionofthesystem,astherequirementsofubiquitouscomputingenvironmentunfold.Itisbelievedthatsuchcloseinvolvementintheconstructionofasystemisanecessarycomponentinproducingatrulyusefulandreliableartifact.Bytheendoftheconstructionphase,itisexpectedtoproduceastableframework,whichcandemonstratethatalargenumberofessentialcharacteristics(orpatterns)havebeenfoundforubiquitouscomputing.ValidationandVerification(V&V)issuesforubiquitouscomputing:itishopedthatthehousewillprovideatest-bedforinvestigatingvalidationandverification(V&V)issuesforubiquitouscomputing.Thehousewillbeusedasanassessmentvehicletodeterminewhich,ifany,V&Vtechniques,toolsorapproachesareusefulwithinthisenvironment.Further,itisplannedtomakethistrialfacilityavailabletoresearchersworldwidetoincreasetheuseofthisvehicle.Inthelong-term,itisexpectedthatthefacilitiesofferedbythisinfrastructurewillevolveintoaninternationallyrecognized“benchmarking”siteforV&Vactivitiesinubiquitouscomputing.Othertechnologicalareas：Theprojectalsoplanstoinvestigateanumberofadditionalareas,suchaslightingsystems,securitysystems,heating,ventilationandairconditioning,etc.Forexample,withregardtoenergyefficiency,theprojectcurrentlyanticipatesundertakingtwostudies:TheDeterminationoftheeffectivenessofinsulatingshutters:Exteriorinsulatingshuttersovertimearenoteffectivebecauseofsealingproblems.Interiorshuttersaresuperiorandcouldbeusedtohelpreduceheatlosses.However,theirmovementandpositioningneedsappropriatecontroltopreventwindowbreakageduetothermalshock.Theinitiationofanopeningorclosingcyclewouldbebasedonmeasuredexteriorlightlevels;currentinternalheatinglevels;currentandexpecteduseofthehousebythecurrentinhabitants,etc.Acomparisonofenergygenerationalternatives:Theenergyusepatternscaneasilybemonitoredbyinstrumentingeachappliance.Naturalgasandelectricityarenaturalchoicesforthemainenergysupply.TheconversionofthechemicalenergyinthefueltoheatspaceandwarmwatercanbedonebyconventionalmeansorbyuseofatotalenergysystemsuchasaVolvoPentasystem.Withthissystem,thefuelisusedtopowerasmallinternalcombustionengine,whichinturndrivesageneratorforelectricalenergyproduction.Wasteheatfromthecoolantandtheexhaustareusedtoheatwaterfordomesticuseandspaceheating.Excesselectricityisfedbackintothepowergridorstoredinbatteries.Atafuturedate,itisplannedtosubstituteafuelcellforthetotalenergysystemallowingforadirectcomparisonoftheperformanceoftwoadvancedsystems.中文译文：智能家居能提高个人的生活品质假设这个项目是：个人的生活质量能否因为在家庭环境中运用了智能技术而得到提高呢？这种假设是很广泛的，因此，研究人员将通过调查各种各样的、有潜在研磨意识的、分节的人群来证明这个假设。特别的是，该项目将着重于调查卫生保健方面的需求，因为我们相信这部分的实施可使房屋获得最大利益。从这个假说可以得出两个研究问题：什么样的医疗保健问题可以改进"智能屋"，如果让"智能屋"得以兴建，什么技术问题尚需解决？在加拿大的境外存在着少数的倡议，他们的目的是调查这方面的知识，但是并没有对这方面的工作有一个全球视野。通常，小地方的研究工作会涉及到怎样通过个别件实现更大目标这样一些主意。这个项目着重研究“试图做什么”，并认为如果没有这个全球方向，其他措施不能解决这项建议，并表示，有了正确的走向世界的方向，零件将产生比个人组成部分更大的回报。这新的领域跟外地的业务流程工程有许多相似之处，那里有很多产品失败，其原因是只考虑了一个小组设置的问题，通常是技术方面。当人们开始认识到有一个全面的方法是至关重要的时候，成功的项目和措施才开始流通。如果我们真的希望它可以造福于社会，而并非只是创造技术利息，这种全面的规定也将适用于外地的"小巧房屋"。话虽如此，下面叙述的许多工作都是非常重要的，其个别题目还包含大量的新生事物。医疗保健和辅助房屋：截至目前为止，有很少的协调研究是关于“智能屋”是否可以降低体弱的老人留在家里的成本，而并非由经验丰富的非正式照顾者照顾。因此，其提出的研究得目的，是确定各种住宅技术对帮助老年人保持其独立生活和帮助看护延续自己的爱心活动是否有用。整体设计的研究是通过两个组别的老人来进行的。第一组是老年人他们脱离了急性护理的环境后保持独立性的能力降低。其中一个例子是老人髋关节置换手术。这组可能受益于技术，并将有助于他们更好适应流动性的降低。第二组是老人有慢性健康问题，如老年痴呆症，并正接受一个生活在一定距离之外的非正式的照顾者的援助。生活在离需要照顾的老人有一定距离的非正规照顾者正处于高风险时期的照顾倦怠。照顾者监测需要照顾的老人的健康和安全是其中一项重要的任务。设备，如地板传感器（以确定是否老人跌倒）和访问控制器（在入侵时确保安全或显示老人是否外出）。利用这些设备可以减少照顾着照顾老人所花的时间。用“智能家”将得出两个样本。由急性护理医院照顾的上面例子中的老人出院。例子中的通过一定距离之外的非正式照顾者照顾的老人将通过诊所的诊断出院或者要求休息的照顾者回来照顾。数量有限的、针对老人的复杂的健康问题的临床及健康服务研究工作在受控制的环境（如聪明屋中的环境）中完成。举例来说，据了解，针对高年龄人的夜视差，但有极少人认为觉醒或夜间活动课可以达到最低水平。对老年人来说它造成伤害，残疾的和额外的卫生保健成本是重大的问题。对于那些有疾病的人，在日常生活活动中安全是至关重要的。对我们来说，能够掌握病人在哪个阶段下降时至关重要的。患者和看护者的活动会受到监察，并在具备下列条件的情况下收集数据。项目将集中于亚群，并期望在他们的条件和生活作风的技术的影响后搜集科学数据。例如：有着稳定的慢性残疾的人宜遵循以下照料：研究专门针对为这类病人（这些病人可能有忽视，偏瘫，失语和判断方面的问题）的最好的类型和位置的各种传感器;研究在不同类型的地板材料上使用轮椅或拐杖的变动;通过电子保健技术研究照顾者的支持;监测下降的频率和位置，以评估针对中风患者和看护者的智能家电的价值;评价建立用于远程居家服务信息和通信技术；最有效的评价面向远程家居服务的工作人员和客户评价的技术接口的办法是使房子的各部分照明均匀;修改、开发新技术以提高中风患者和看护者的舒适性和方便性;评估协助照料的监视系统的价值。-有着阿尔茨海默病的人的照料：评价智能家居（陌生的环境）在有或无提示的情况下的自我护理能力;评估它们在智能家居环境中用陌生的设备的能力;评价和监测有着阿尔茨海默病的人的运动模式;评价和监测下降或波动;评价监测患者的各种类型和型号的传感器;观察病人和照顾者墙的颜色;评估适当照明的价值。技术-普适计算：无所不在的基础设施的计算被看作智能屋的骨干。所有普通的运算系统的主要部件包括：一系列的传感器，通信基础设施和软件控制（基于软件代理）的基础设施。重要的是，这话题是从整体上的研究得出的。传感器设计：这里研究的焦点是（微型）-传感器的发展和传感器阵列所使用的智能材料，例如：压电材料，磁致伸缩材料和形状记忆合金（形状）。特别是，形状是一类智能材料，它能吸引候选人传感及致动，主要是因为它有比其他智能材料异常偏高的工作输出/体积比。形状进行固固改造时，受到适当的机械和热负荷作用，导致在尺寸和形状上宏观的变化;这种变化是由可回收扭转热机械载荷和被称为单向形状记忆效应的东西产生的。这种材料功能、形状可用于传感器和执行器。在近期的发展中，我们正努力把形状应用在微机电系统（MEMS），使这些材料可以作为微型传感器和执行器的重要组成部分。微机电系统是一个领域的活动，在这个领域某些技术已经成熟，能够让一些商业应用出现。例如微化学分析仪，湿度和压力传感器，流量控制的微机电系统，合成射流器和光学微机电系统（下一代互联网）。在研究社会把形状应用在微机电系统是一个相对较新的努力，它足以穷尽我们所知。只有一组（洛杉矶加州大学机械工程的格雷戈教授）已成功地演示了动态性能的形状记忆合金作为基础的微机电系统这个试验。在这里，工作的重点是利用智能材料的动能力设计和制造经济上可行的微型传感器和驱动器。构造：建造和使用的"智能屋"为分析和核实以无线和有线家庭为基础的通讯服务提供了广泛的机会。而有些公司中已经开始广泛地探讨，但许多问题没有注意到。现拟调查了以下几个问题：-在一个住宅环境里频道统计的测量：室内无线信道的统计知识是至关重要的，利用它可设计高效率的发射机和接收机，以及确定适当程度的信号电源，数据传输速率，调制技巧，以及无线链路的差错控制编码。它所产生的干扰，信道失真，导致的并谱的局限性，以及残疾人士的设备（轮椅，监测设备等），都是特别令人感兴趣的。-设计，分析与验证以加强天线用于室内无线通信。目前室内无线通信有必要改为紧凑和坚固的天线。新的天线设计，可使数据传输速率优化，频率的操作方便，在空间需要方面也可加以考虑。-核查和分析室内无线网络的操作：家庭自动化的无线联网标准最近已商品化。一体化的一个或一个以上这样的系统被纳入智能家居，将为核实这些系统操作提供机会，并审视其局限性，并确定这些标准是否是超过设计要求，是否满足典型的业务需求。-确定有效的通信线路来规划"智能家居"：对于有线和无线基础设施的性能/成本比较，测量和分析各种无线网络配置将有利于网络设计的确定。-审议协调室内较大规模的通信系统：室内无线网络广泛应用到附近的居住地。这些居住地存在着广阔-大规模的网络，例如蜂窝电话网，固定无线网络和基于卫星的通信网络。这些服务的宗旨是保健监测、跟踪老年痴呆症患者。软件代理商及其工程：一种嵌入式剂。在这一级别的设计方法中智能建筑嵌入式代理商面临不少挑战，以及由此产生的详细执行。这方面的项目将包括：-适用于人类居住的有大型代理系统的建筑：为这些系统设计新的体系结构的住宅/延续护理环境近代的技术需要成功部署。一个合适的架构，在实时性上应该是简单、灵活的，这样能提供有效的代理操作。在同一时间内，应允许规则和限制的分层次和刚性，以确保居民建筑制度的安全。这些相互矛盾的要求，需要设计一个新的、适用所有的建筑的体系结构来加以解决。-学习代理的决策和控制结构：在实现终身学习能力方面，代理商必须具备强大的机制来学习和适应能力的需要。孤立原来使用的传统的学习制度，是不可能让这些代理商达到高预期寿命的。我们打算发展混合学习系统，结合新兴的多种具有代表性的学习技术。这种系统将基于适应新形势，或学习新的行为模式来达到自身的成熟及对数额变化能做出各种不同的做法。为了应付高水平的非确定性（不可预测的人类用户），我们能够利用先进的技术处理不同类型的不确定性（如概率和模糊不确定性），这种稳健的行为将制定和组织实施，在推理机制的基础上计算智能。-自动模拟真实世界的物体，包括个别户主：问题是：为具有代表性的个性、习惯的个人"定位，并提取"信息是至关重要的;系统能够跟随个人的心情与行为而作出反应。在解决这个方案的基础上，数据挖掘和进化技术将利用：（1）聚类方法，对寻找行为模式的个人来说这是一个至关重要的因素;（2）以规则为基础的系统的学习和适应能力，可用来开发模型单独的特性，这对估计和预测潜在的活动和前瞻性的规划是至关重要的-调查普适计算的框架特点：考虑以分布式因特网为基础的系统，这也许是最常见的普适计算，在这里，最大的冲击不是来自特定的软件工程过程，而是让这些领域快速部署现有的软件框架或'工具箱'。因此，建议以普适计算为基础设施的"智能家居"的建造，也应该加以软件工程来研究。研究人员将开始访问的几个真正存在的普适计算系统，试图建立一个初步了解该功能的架构（这种做法显然与伽马射线，掌舵，约翰逊和针对"设计模式"的开创性工作相平行。不幸的是，和他们的工作相比，样本在这里将非常小，因此，为得到可靠的答案额外的工作要做）。这个初步框架，也将随之被利用为智能式房子的软件系统。毫无疑问，由于要求普适计算环境的展开，这初步的框架将大大演变建造该系统的过程。据认为，这种密切参与体系建设的行动，是制作一个真正有用的和可靠的伪影的组成部分。截至去年底的施工阶段，它预计产生一个稳定的框架，这个框架能够证明，适用于普适计算的一大批至关重要的特点（或图案）将被发现。-为普及计算验证和核查问题：希望众议院能为普及计算调查核实和验证问题提供一个试验台。众议院将可以用来评估并确定（如果有的话）VV技术，工具或方法在这个环境中是否有用。此外，它计划把这项试验设施提供给世界各地的研究人员，以增加这种评估的利用。就长期而言，我们期望该设施所提供的基础设施，将演变成对于普及计算的V及V活动而言一个国际公认的"基准"的网站。其他技术领域：该项目还计划调查一些其他领域，如照明系统，安全系统，供暖，通风和空调设备等，举例来说，对于能源效率，该项目目前承诺了两项研究报告：-测定保温帘的成效：因为密封问题，外墙保温窗帘随着时间的推移是否无效。内部风窗是优越的，它还可用来帮助减少热损失。不过，他们的运动和定位需要适当控制，以防止由于热创击而导致的窗破损。将根据实测外部光照水平启动开幕或闭幕周期，现行内部的加热水平等。-发电替代品的比较：能源利用方式，可以通过检测每个家电进行监察。天然气和电力是一种主要能源供应。通过传统方式或使用一个总的能源系统（沃尔沃研发体系）我们可以在燃料加热空间和温暖水中转换化学能。有了这一套系统，燃油用来给小内燃机供电，反过来又能驱动一台发电机的电气能源生产。冷却剂与排气的余热的热水供给家庭使用和空间加热。过剩的电力反馈到电网或储存在电池中。在以后的一个日期，计划用能源总系统取代燃料电池，可以直接比较出两先进的系统的差别。外文文献：Intelligentarchitecture:userinterfacedesigntoelicitknowledgemodelsAbstract：Muchofthedifficultyinarchitecturaldesignisinintegratingandmakingexplicittheknowledgeofthemanyconvergingdisciplines(engineering,sociology,ergonomicsandpsychology,tonameafew),thebuildingrequirementsfrommanyviewpoints,andtomodelthecomplexsysteminteractions.Themanyrolesofthearchitectsimplycompoundthis.Thispaperdescribesasystemcurrentlyunderdevelopment—a3Ddesignmediumandintelligentanalysistool,tohelpelicitandmakeexplicittheserequirements.Thebuildingmodelisusedtoencapsulateinformationthroughoutthebuildinglifecycle,frominceptionandmasterplanningtoconstructionand‘lived-in’use.Fromthetightrelationshipbetweenmaterialbehaviourofthemodel,functionanalysisandvisualfeedback,theaimistohelpintheresolutionoffunctionalneeds,sothatthebuildingmeetsnotonlytheaimsofthearchitect,buttheneedsoftheinhabitants,usersandenvironment.TheProblemofDesigningtheBuiltEnvironment：Itisoftensaidthatarchitectureisthemotheroftheartssinceitembodiesallthetechniquesofpainting:line,colour,textureandtone,aswellasthoseofsculpture:shape,volume,lightandshadow,andthechangingrelativepositionoftheviewer,andaddstothesethewaythatpeopleinhabitandmovethroughitsspacetoproduce—atitsbest—aspectaclereminiscentofchoreographyortheatre.Aswithallthearts,architectureissubjecttopersonalcriticaltasteandyetarchitectureisalsoapublicart,inthatpeopleareconstrainedtouseit.Inthisitgoesbeyondtheotherartsandiscalledontofunction,tomodifytheclimate,provideshelter,andtosubdivideandstructurespaceintoapatternthatsomehowfitstheneedsofsocialgroupsororganizationsandcultures.Whilstarchitecturemaybecommissionedinpartasaculturaloraestheticexpression,itisalmostalwaysrequiredtofulfillacomprehensiveprogrammeofsocialandenvironmentalneeds.Thisrequirementtofunctiongivesrisetothreerelatedproblemsthatcharacterizethedesignanduseofthebuiltenvironment.Thefirstdependsonthedifferencebetweenexplicitknowledge—thatofwhichweareatleastconsciousandmayevenhaveascientificorprincipledunderstanding—andimplicitknowledge,which,likeknowingyourmothertongue,canbeappliedwithoutthinking.Thefunctionalprogrammesbuildingsarerequiredtofulfillarelargelysocial,andarebasedonimplicitratherthanexplicitbodiesofknowledge.Theknowledgeweexploitwhenweusethebuiltenvironmentisalmostentirelyappliedunconsciously.Wedon’thavetothinkaboutbuildingsorcitiestousethem;infact,whenwebecomeawareofitthebuiltenvironmentisoftenheldtohavefailed.ThinkoftheneedforyellowlinestohelppeoplefindtheirwayaroundtheBarbicancomplexintheCityofLondon,orthecallsfromtenantsto‘stringupthearchitects’whenhousingestatesturnouttobesocialdisasters.Thesecondisaproblemofcomplexity.Theproblemisthatbuildingsneedtofunctioninsomanydifferentways.Theyarespatialandsocial,theyfunctionintermsofthermalenvironment,lightandacoustics,theyuseenergyandaffectpeople’shealth,theyneedtobeconstructedandaremadeofphysicalcomponentsthatcandegradeandneedtobemaintained.Ontopofallthistheyhaveanaestheticandculturalrole,aswellasbeingfinancialinvestmentsandplayinganimportantroleintheeconomy.Almostallofthesefactorsareinteractive—decisionstakenforstructuralreasonshaveimpactsonenvironmentorcost—butareoftenrelativelyindependentintermsofthedomainsofknowledgethatneedtobeapplied.Thisgivesrisetoacomplexdesignprobleminwhicheverythingknocksontoeverythingelse,andinwhichnosinglepersonhasagraspofallthedomainsofknowledgerequiredforitsresolution.Evenwhentheknowledgethatneedstobeappliedisrelativelyexplicit—asforinstanceinstructuralcalculations,orthoseconcerningthermalperformance—thecomplexinteractivenatureofbuildingscreatesasituationinwh