翻译技巧(2)词类转换法

A.名词转译成动词（概述）1.Theywentonstrike

indemandofa40percentwageincrease.

他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。2.Givemelibertyorgivemedeath.

不自由，毋宁死。3.Heisanenemytoreform.

他反对改革。4.Differencebetweenthesocialsystemofstatesshallnotbeanobstacletotheirapproachandcooperation.

国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。I.Convertingtoverbs5.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouEnglish.IthinkmydaughterisabetterteacherthanI.

恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。6.TheoperationofacomputerneedssomeknowledgeofEnglish.

操作电脑需要一些英语知识。I.ConvertingtoverbsA.名词转译成动词（基本方法）（一）具有动态意义的名词（1）“…of…”

结构（2）短语结构翻译顺序：顺译与逆译1.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents,theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.2.Whatisneededinthecaseofnoiseisastudyoflargenumbersofpeoplelivingundernoisyconditions.就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。3.InsistenceonhumanrightsA.名词转译成动词（基本方法）4.Manypeopleinindustryandtheservice,whohavepracticalexperienceofnoise,regardanyinvestigationofthisquestionasawasteoftime.工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。5.Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.练习：1.The1967UNdocumentcallsforthesettlementoftheMiddleEastconflictonthebasisofIsraelwithdrawalfromoccupiedterritoriesandArabacknowledgementofIsrael’srighttoexist.2.Oneafteranother,speakerscalledforthedownfallofimperialism,abolitionofexploitationofmanbyman,liberationoftheoppressedoftheworld.3.Until1972,alleffortsbythetwonationstocurbthenucleararmsracehadfounderedononepoint:U.S.insistenceontherighttomakeone-siteinspectionoftheSovietStrategic-arsenalandRussia’srefusal.4.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents.Theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.A.名词转译成动词（基本方法）（二）英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词，并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。1.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的（机声），令我们特别神往。2.Astheweekdrawtoaclose,theenemyroutwascomplete.一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。A.名词转译成动词（基本方法）（三）英语中有些以后缀–er,-or结尾的名词，在句中并指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，需要翻译为动词。1.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。2.Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。3.Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.A.名词转译成动词（基本方法）（四）短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词1.Thenextnewsbulletin（新闻节目）,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.2.ShehadhighpraiseforDr.Smith,althoughshecomplainedabouthisstrictness.3.Thepartybranchsecretaryshowedgreatconcernforthestudents’health4.Hehasalreadymadementionofthematterinhisspeech.练习（一）1.TheCensusBureau,thedataagencychargedwithcreatingstatisticsonhouseholdincomesandtheirdistribution,doesnotmaintainanofficialdefinitionofmiddleclassstatus.2.Duringthehalf-hourtalk,thetwosidesexchangedviewsonthechoiceoftermsofpayment,buttheymadenomentionofthemodeoftransportation.（在半小时的商谈中，双方就付款方式交换了意见，但没有提到运输方式。）

练习（二）1.Notonlydoesdarkenergyappeartomakeupthebulkoftheuniverse,butitsexistence,ifitstandsthetestoftime,willprobablyrequirethe

development

ofnewtheoriesofphysics.暗能量视乎占据了宇宙的大部分空间，不仅如此，如果它的存在能够经受时间的考验，那么有可能需要建立新的物理学理论。2.Thesameistrueofgalaxyclusters,thelargestcoherentbodiesintheuniverse---assemblagesofthousandsofgalaxiesembeddedinavastcloudofhotgasandboundtogetherbygravity.对于星系群来说是如此，星系群是宇宙中最大的联合体，集中了数千个星系，埋藏在巨大的热气云团中，由重力联系在一起。3.Scientistssaythatgovernmentconstructionofamulti-billion-dollar,permanentspacestationcouldaidindetectingnaturaldisastersonearthinadvance,conductingmedicalresearchandcollectingsolarenergytotransmitback.科学家认为，由政府建造一个耗资数十亿美元的永久空间站会有助于预测地球上的自然灾害，进行医学研究，以及收集太阳能并将其送回地面。4.Theanalysiswillrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoreticaltoolsbutshouldbewithinourgraspinthenextfewyears.要做这方面的分析就需要开发新的理论工具，不过今后几年中我们就会掌握分析的方法。I.Convertingtoverbs5.Basicallyappliedsciencestartswiththeclearunderstandingofahumanneedandthenusesalltheavailablescientificknowledgetoassistinthesatisfactionofthisneed.归根到底，应用科学的出发点是清楚地了解人类的某一项需要，然后利用一切现有的科学知识去帮助满足这种需要。6.Purescienceisprimarilyconcernedwiththedevelopmentoftheoriesandtheestablishmentoftherelationsbetweenthephenomenaoftheuniverse.理论科学的主要任务是发展理论，建立宇宙间各种现象之间的关系。7.Increasingly,thereistalkofviewerparticipationintelevision;two-wayTVprogramswillmakeitpossibletotakepartinasoapoperaorfootballgameasiftheviewerwerethere.人们越来越多的谈论着电视观众参与电视节目的问题，双向电视节目将使电视观众有可能参加电视连续剧的演出或足球比赛，犹如身临其境。8.Ingeneral,dryingasolidmeanstheremovalofrelativelysmallamountsofwaterorotherliquidfromthesolidmaterialtoreducethecontentofresidualliquidtoanacceptablelowvalue.一般情况下，固体干燥指的是从固体材料中除去相对少量的水或其他液体，从而使残留液体的含量减少到可接受的低水平。A.介词转译成动词。（prep.---v.）1.Theroadtodevelopmentislongbutwearefirmlyonit.

发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。2.Heiswalkingintheparkwithanumbrellainhishand.

他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。3.Itisourgoalthatthepeopleintheundevelopedareaswillbefinallyoffpoverty.

我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。4.Thecompanyhasadvertisedinthenewspaperforelectronicexperts.

公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。II.Convertingtoverbs练习1.Inanymachine,inputworkequalsoutputworkplusworkdoneagainstfriction.任何及其的输入功都等于输出功加上克服摩擦所做的功。2.Thistypeoffilmdevelopsintwentyminutes.冲洗词类胶片需要20分钟。3.Ananalogcomputermanipulatesdatabyanalogmeans.模拟计算机采用模拟方式处理数据。4.Theairplanebarreledstraightahead,acrosstheharbourandoutoverthesea.飞机笔直向前高速飞行，越过港口，飞临海面。5.Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps党的干部吃简陋饿食物，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间的工作着。B.形容词转译成动词（adj.---v.）1.Integritymeansyoudowhatyoudobecauseit’srightandnotjustfashionable

orpoliticallycorrect.

诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了赶时髦或在政治上不出错。2.Don’tbeafraidofthosewhomighthaveabetterideaorwhomightevenbesmarterthanyouare.

不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。3.IsMr.Smithfamiliarwiththeperformanceofthelaboratoryequipment?

史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？II.Convertingtoverbs练习1.Ifwewereignorantofthestructureoftheatom,itwouldbeimpossibleforustostudynuclearphysics.2.Theyweresuspiciousandresentfulofhim.他们怀疑他、讨厌他。3.Theywerenotcontentwiththeirpresentachievements.4.Thetop-rankingAsianspecialistwasnotsurewhetherthepolicycouldsavethesituation.高级亚洲问题专家不敢肯定这一策略是否能够挽救时局。5.Ifextremelylow-costpowerwereevertobecomeavailablefromlargenuclearpowerplants,electrolytichydrogenwouldbecomecompetitive.如果能从大型核电站获得成本极低的电力，电解氢就会具有更大的竞争力。6.Thecircuitsareconnectedinparallelintheinterestofasmallresistance.将电路并联是为了减小电阻。7.Onceinsidethebody,thevaccineseparatesfromthegoldparticlesandbecomes“active”.一旦进入体内，疫苗立即与微金粒分离并“激活”。8.Itisnowonderthatscientistsaroundtheworldareracingtoharnessfusion.Buttheraceiscostlyandtimeconsuming.难怪全世界的科学家都在展开竞争，要驾驭聚变过程。但这一竞争既消耗资金又耗费时间。

C.副词转译为动词（adv.---v.）1.Whatfilmwillbeonthisevening?

今晚放映什么影片？2.Thatbookwillbeoutprettysoon.

那本书不久就要出版了。3.Inthoseyearstherepublicanswerein.

那些年是共和党执政。4.Doublewindowswerefixedtokeepthecoldout.

安装双层窗御寒。练习：1.Thefatiguelifetestisover.疲劳寿命试验结束了。Ifonegeneratorisoutoforder,theotherwillproduceelectricityinstead.如果一台发电机发生故障，另一台便代替它发电。2.Suchservicewillcertainlygofarinextendingthelifecycleofolderequipment.这种保养肯定会在延长陈旧设备的使用周期中大有作为。E.动名词转译成动词（gerund---v.）

1.Theoriginofthisparticularcultureisfarfromclearing.

这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。II.ConvertingtoverbsA.动词转译为名词（v.---n.）1.Thebookdidnotimpressmeatall.

那本书没留给我什么印象。2.Harryaimstobecomeacomputerexpert.

哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。3.Yourworkischaracterizedbylackofattentiontodetail.

你工作的毛病是不注意细节。（粗心大意）4.Themachineweighsaboutfivehundredkilograms.

这台机器的重量是500公斤。III.Convertingtonouns5.Whenlightfallsoncertainthings,itbouncesback,whichwesaythelightisreflected.

光照到某种物体上会弹回来，我们把这种情况称之为光的反射。注意：如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或搭配起来不符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名词，再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。6.Theyouthsalwaysdreamfondlyoftheirfuture.

年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。7.Independentobservershavecommentedfavorablyontheachievementsyouhavemadeinthisdirection.

有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。III.ConvertingtonounsB.形容词转译为名词（adj.---n.）

1.Thedaywascloudybutthesunwastryingtocomethrough.

天上有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。2.Obedienceisobligatoryonasoldier.

服从命令是军人的天职。3.ManyWesternpeoplearereligious.

很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。III.Convertingtonouns1.YouareagreaterblockheadthanIhadsupposedyoutobe.

你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.—adj.）2.OurgovernmentshowsgreatconcernfortheChineseresidentabroad.

我国政府十分关心海外华侨。3.Hisaddressimpressedmedeeply.

他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。4.Fromthefront,backandbothsideswekeptastrictwatchontheenemy.

我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech1.HeistherightmanI’mlookingfor.

他正是我在找的人。2.Theunitofweightisthegram,thatoflengthisthemeter,andthatofcapacityistheliter.

重量单位是克，长度单位是米，容量单位是升。3.Themachinecandimensionallybechangeableaccordingtoconsumers’need.

机器的在大小（或尺寸）可以根据用户的需要改变。4.Allyouhavedoneisproportionaltoallyouhaveachieved.

你的付出和所得成正比。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech5.Tobeindependentisanabsolutenecessityforyoungpeople.

独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。6.Inscience,itisimportanttostatealaworaprincipleaccurately.

在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重要。7.Withslightrepairs,themachinecouldbeinmotion.

只要称加修理，这台机器便可以运转。8.Thenewmayorearnedrespectduetothecourtesyofvisitingthepoorinthecity.

新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech在英语中，由形容词派生的名词通常翻译为形容词，在句中作定语或表语Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthatmoment.ThespokesmanadmittedthefeasibilityoftheAmericanpropos