2000年考研英语真题及解析

入学统一考试英语试PartⅠCloseForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked［A,［B,［C］and［D］.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.②Hemuststorealargetyofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediay.③Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.⑦Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.⑧Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.［139words］otheraswellinsteadmoreonlymuchlongeverself-self-［C］self-［D］self-8.［A］［C］9.［A］［C］10.［A］［C］PartⅡReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay eadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④(11)AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyonddreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhad①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericanevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)⑦（12）Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweeintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.②Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.③Theybegantobelievethattheirwayof ngbusinesswasfailing,andthattheireswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalwerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfrom①Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.③（14）FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-inWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.［429［A］ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthis［B］itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthan［C］thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotential［D］theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitsThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.［A］TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomestic［B］semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeign［C］machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidal［D］autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticWhatcanbeinferredfromthe［A］Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblind［B］Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomic［C］Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternational［D］AlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherTheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe.［A］turningofthebusiness ［B］restructuringof［C］improvedbusiness ［D］successinPassage①（15）Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.①Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewer②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.④Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,has average.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.⑥（16）Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.⑦showswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classcomparedtothetribes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.⑤（17）Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.［406words］Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirst［A］Alackof ［B］Afierce［C］Alowersurvival ［D］AdefectiveWhatdoestheexampleof［A］Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoor［B］Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthe［C］Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthe［D］isoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthTheauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolving［A］lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnological［B］thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeen［C］ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageof［D］thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe［A］SexRatioChangesinHuman［B］WaysofContinuingMan’s［C］TheEvolutionaryFutureof［D］HumanEvolutionGoingPassage①（20）Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseand andspeed.②Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③（21）Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.⑥Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.①Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.”①（22）This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?［334words］Thispassageis［A］asurveyofnewapproachesto［B］areviewofFuturist［C］aboutmeritsoftheFuturist［D］aboutlawsandrequirementsofWhenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtry［A］determineits ［B］ignoreits［C］followthenew ［D］accepttheFuturistsclaimthatwe［A］increasetheproductionof［B］usepoetrytorelievemodern［C］developnewmodesof［D］avoidusingadjectivesandTheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetry［A］basedonreasonable［B］newandacceptabletoordinary［C］indicativeofabasicchangeinhuman［D］moreofatransientphenomenonthanPassage①（23）AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.②ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.③Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon’tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.①Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavyalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.②Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.③Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.①Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.②（25）“Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores—ality,ability,courageorhumanity—arecompleyignored,”saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty’seducationcommittee.③“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”④LastyearJapanexperienced2，125incidentsofschool ,including929assaultsonteachers.⑤Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.⑥LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe“Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents.”①（26）ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.②“InJapan,”saysYokoMuro,“it’sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.”③Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan’s119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.④UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,the fortisbeginningtol.⑤Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.［447words］IntheWesterners’eyes,thepostwarJapan［A］underaimless ［B］apositive［C］arivaltothe ［D］ontheAccordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?［A］Women’sparticipationinsocialactivitiesis［B］Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeir［C］Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthe［D］Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothe［A］Japaneseeducationispraisedforheltheyoungclimbthesocial［B］Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellas［C］Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationof［D］DropoutleadstofrustrationagainsttestThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefact［A］theyoungarelesstolerant fortsin［B］thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatinthe［C］theJapaneseenduremorethanever［D］theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentPassage①（27）Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.②Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.③（28）Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.④Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.⑤Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.①Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.②Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs—thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.③（29）Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.④Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”①Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.②Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.③Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.④Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.⑤Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.［431words］Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregarded［A］itsreturnswellcompensateforthe［B］itisrewardedwithmoney,fameand［C］itsgoalsarespiritualratherthan［D］itissharedbytherichandtheThelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatit［A］customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitionin［B］toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenlet［C］dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthe［D］impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromSomepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambition［A］theythinkofitas［B］theirpursuitsarenotfameor［C］ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterial［D］theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandFromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbe［A］secretlyand ［B］openlyand［C］easilyand ［D］verballyandPartⅢEnglish-ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoYourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15ernmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.31）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.32）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthaternmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.33）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentin munications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whileernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,34）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelonationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsfortheernmentsconcerned.35）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,ernmentsare ingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.［390words］SectionⅣWriting(15Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEETYouressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1）Describethepictures.Deducethepurposeofthepainterofthe2000年英语试题答案PartⅠCloze1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 9. 10.PartⅡReadingPassage11.12.14.PassagePassagePassagePassagePartⅢEnglish-Chinese在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想。由于上述原因，常常得推出的革新。由于人口的猛增或人口的大量流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。SectionⅣWriting(15PartⅠClose一、文章总体分析本文是一篇短小的论证性文章，其是强调农民余粮的必要性对①句进行具体的解释：即他必须大量的粮食。③④⑤从正面论述余粮的必要性：足农业再生产等需要。⑥⑦⑧句论述没有余粮的危害:不能自给自足，从论证余粮的必要性。二、试题具体解析\[Aotherthan不同于，除了……[Baswellas也，又（表示附加[C]insteadof而不是……（表选择）[D]morethan比……（表比较）［快速解题］文章首句的含义是：一个农民要想成功，就必须努力保持其消费和生产之间较大的差距。接着文章提到了两种正好相反的做法，一种是storealargetyofgrain（大量的粮食，另一种是consumingallhsgrainimmediay（立即把他所有的粮食都消费完。显然前一种做法是农民可以成功的做法，因此空格处需要一个词语来否定后面部分，而且其后能跟现在分词。选项中，只有介词短语insteadof符合要求，意为“他必须存［篇章分析］①句为文章主旨句，内容是“保持消费和生产之间的差距”。②句承接①句，具体阐述如何保持这个差距：大量的粮食。［空格设置］insteadof是连接性介词，体现上下文语义上的逻辑关系。insteadof表选willstayathomeinsteadofgoingout.我将待在家里，不出门。其他连接性介词还包括because，despie（，besides（［干扰项设置］其他项的短语都可用于连接前后并列的两部分。otherthan常用于否定句中，实际上是对后面部分的肯定，如：Idon’tknowanyFrenchpeopleotherthanyou.除了你，我不认识别的法国人。其他例句：Theeditorsaswellastheproofreadersareworkingovertime.编辑和校对者都在加班工作。Ilikehermorethanherhusband.我比较喜欢她，不太喜 [B]muchas尽管，虽然(表让步[C]longbefore早在…以前(表时间) [D]eversince自从(表时间)［快速解题］考生需判断空格前后部分之间的逻辑关系。显然，heproducesasurplushecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamilyonlyif引导条分句继续强调粮食的必要性，符合上下文意。［篇章分析］②句提到农民必须要粮食，③句进一步解释这样做的目的：养活自己及家人。②句的storealargetyofgrain和③句的producesasurplus是近义复现，实［空格设置］onlyifonlyifif的强调形式，lightcomesonisthereanythingwrongwiththemachine.只要红灯一亮，就表示机器出毛病了。supporttoprovideeverythingnecessaryesp.fromhisfirstmarriage.得供养他第一次生的。Heturnedtocrimetosupporthisdrughabit.他为维持吸毒的恶习而走上的道路。二，根据上下文选词。句中surplus为名词，意为“过剩（量，剩余（额agriculturalsurpluses过剩的农产品。它和上文storealargety相呼应。［干扰项设置］Muchassheneededthejobshehadtorefuse.虽然她非常需要这份工作，她只能。ShehadseenthefilmabroadlongbeforeitwasshowninBeijing.早在这部在上映之前，她就在国外看过了。Shehadbeenworryingeversincetheletterarrived.自从接到那封信后她就一直焦虑不安。3.[A]for为了，至于，对于，适用[B]against，靠着，相反，对…不利,预[Cof[D]towards向，朝，接近，有助+［快速解题］④句提到，农民可以将余粮用于三种用途：asseed，asaninsuranceasacommoditytheunpredictableeffectsofbadweather搭配，做恶劣天气影响的保障措施，能表达“预防”含义的介词只有against。［篇章分析］③句和④⑤句是并列关系，共同支持②句的观点：必须粮食。③句语inthreeways做状语，冒号后三个并列的as...介词结构列举了使用余粮的三种方式。［空格设置］against作为常用介词，其含义和用法非常丰富。against意为“，违反；对…不利；倚靠；预防”，如thefightagainstevil；Theevidenceisagainsthim.对他不利；Putthepianoagainstthewall.把钢琴紧靠着墙；precautionsagainstfire防insurance意为“（防备不测的）保障措施，安全保证”，如：Atthattimepeoplehadlargefamiliesasaninsuranceagainstsomechildrendying.那时人们养的很多，以防有孩子夭折。towardsdeath我们对的态度；Themoneywillgotowardsanewschoolbuilding.这笔4.[A]replace取代，替换；更新，更purchase+［快速解题］空格所在部分谈到农民把余粮作为商品（asacommodity出售的目的之一是：4odagrculturalimpements，空格处填入的动词说明对“旧农具”施加的动作。出售余粮不应该是为了补充（suppement）或（purchase）旧农具，更不可能是为了处置、安排（dipoe）旧农具。只有repace表达的“用余粮换得的钱来买新农具以更换旧农具”符合逻辑。［篇章分析］commoditywhich引导的定语从句，具体说明余粮作为商品的用途：更换旧农具及化肥。定语从句中，inorderto连接两个并列的不定式结构toreplace...and(to)obtain...做目的状语。［空格设置］which引导的定语从句。replace一词含义虽然简单，但需要通过理解上下文意来解答。例句：toreplacemealswithsnacks不吃正餐，改吃点心；You’llbeexpectedtoreplaceanybrokenglasses.玻璃杯损坏，要负责赔偿。例句：Theypurchasedthelandfor$1million.他们以100万买下了这块土地。adietofsb/sth可意为“处置，清除，销毁”，如：Hedisposedofhisoldcar.他处理掉他的旧汽车。也指“解决，处理（问题、等；击败，杀死（5.[A]enhance提高，增强，增进（效力、影响、价值等[B]mix（使）混合，融合；[C]feed供给必需品，喂养，饲[D]raise种植，饲养；抚养本题考核的知识点是：动词词义辨析。正确率［快速解题］obtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoilenhance从含义上看似乎符合上下文语义要求，但它通常与抽feedsoil搭配，feed为引申义，意为“给土壤增加养料”，符合文意。，养活”，如：Youcan’tfeedafamilyoffiveon$100aweek.你无法靠每周100的收入来养活一家五口。文中feed是比喻用法，需要根据上下文意理解。［干扰项设置］enhance在词义上形成干扰，如：Healthenhancesbeauty.健康使人显Oildoesnotmixwithwater.油不和水相溶。raisefeed构成近义干扰，如：raisecorn/cattle种植玉米/养牛；Theyraisedher(as)aCatholic.他们把她培养成为天主。6.[A]vessels船，容器，导管，脉 [B]routes路，路[C]paths路，小路 [D]channels，管道本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配+名词词义辨析。正确率：57%［快速解题］irrigation（灌溉）routespaths，它们主要指空中或地面的道路。vessel可以指“导运体液的导管”，但一般是细小的管道，特别是脉管、血管。只有irrigationchannel可表示“灌溉水渠”。［篇章分析］⑤句和④句后半部分（asacommoditywhichhemust...）⑤句承接上文，继续介绍余粮被当作商品卖掉后的其他用途：（用卖余粮获得的钱）建灌溉水渠或以其他方式来改进农场。⑤句中alo一词表明了它与上文的并列逻辑关系。［空格设置］名词的固定搭配也是知识运用的常考点。channel含义丰富，意为“电视台，频道；途径，；水渠，河槽，水道，航道，海峡”，如：Complaintsmustbemadethroughtheproperchannels.必须通过正当途径进行。drainagechannelsinthericefields稻田的排水沟。考生较熟悉的是它的前几个义项，此处了它表示“水渠”的含义及与irrigation的搭配。［干扰项设置］channel一样，都可以表示“路线、线路”，需要考生能辨如：ascenic/coastalroute景色优美的/沿海的公路；anair/busroute飞行航线/路线，它也（ [Cself-satisfied自满的，自鸣得意的[Dself-restrained自我控制的，有节制的［快速解题］空格所在句子的含义：如果农民没了余粮（来周转），就不能……。［A［C］和［D］都是描述人的心理特点的形容词，不符合上下文意；只有［B］表达的“不能自给自足”符合逻辑，下文提到的“他只得变卖部分家产或……”进一步说明了农民不能自给自足的状态。［篇章分析。⑥句是统领了⑦⑧句的总起句。［空格设置］此题实际上是通过考查复合形容词来考查上下文的语义。self-sufficientself-sufficient意为“自给自足的，自立的”，如：Thecountryistotallyself-sufficientinfood［干扰项设置］selffarmers。例句：aself-confidentmanner自信的态度。Hehadaself-satisfiedsonhisface.他脸上挂着得意洋洋的笑容。herself-restraineds她克制的微笑。8.[A]search搜 [B]save，节[C]offer提供，出价 [D]seek寻求，寻找本题考核的知识点是：动词词义辨析。正确率：68%［快速解题］⑦句（如果农民没有生产剩余他必须变卖部分家产或以的形式…额外的。因此“省（save外的”“供（ofer额外的给别人”都不符合文意。search作“找寻”讲时，应搭配介词for。因此正确答案是seek，放入文中，为寻求的形获的额”。［篇章分析］cannotbeself-sufficient：他或者需［空格设置］本题既考查了动词与名词（extrafundsintheformofloans）的搭配，又［干扰项设置］其他项都可接fundssearch干扰性较强，因此必须理解上下文并准确掌握动词用法，才能排除干扰。save可意为“节省”；offer可意为“提供，供给”；search意为“搜索，搜寻，搜查”，接表示地点的名词做宾语，或用~forsth/sb，表示“找寻（/物如：searchedtheplaneforsurvivors搜查飞机寻找幸存者，Shesearchedinvainforherpassport.她翻找自己的护照，但没找着。9.[A]proportion比例，比率，均 [C]rate比率，速度，等级 [D]ratio比率，对比，比值［快速解题］根据⑦句中的loans（）以及本句的borrowmoney，可以推测出9ofinterest应表示利率。rateofinterestinterestrate意为“利率”，是固定搭配。［篇章分析］⑦⑧句是承接关系，⑦句提到农民不能自足时，要去借贷，⑧句说明借贷时会遇到的。⑧句中borrowmoney与⑦句中extrafundsintheformofloans是近义复thebasicrateoftax基本税额。文中用到的是第二个含义。theproportionofsthtosth（即事物或事物各部分之间在大2to1.水中氢和氧的比率是2∶1。10.[A]genuinely地，诚实 [B]obviously明显[C]presumably可能地，大概,推测起来[D]frequently经常地［快速解题］空格处是but引导的转折分句，前文提到农民自然想获得低利率，后半句转折：但是这种低息并不…得到。四个选项中，首先排除genuiney，它在语义上不与obainabe搭配。obviously表示的“明显不可获得”过于绝对，不符合逻辑。preumably一般做句子副词单独使用，不和其他形容词连用。从意义上来看，只有［D］符合（frequently）可以得到”表示这样的机会很少。［篇章分析］⑧句是一but连接的表转折关系的并列句，thiskind即指上lowrateofinterest（低利率。［空格设置］本题通过考查副词词义，实际考查考生对上下文语义的理解，notfrequently与上文Naturallyhewill存在转折关系。［干扰项设置］其他项都是副词，是根据中文含义设置的干扰。例句：Hegenuinelybelievesinwhathesells.Hewasobviouslydrunk.他显然是喝醉了。Presumablythebadweatherhasdelayedtheflight.大概恶劣的天气使飞机误点了。三、全文翻译农想功必在和之努持大距他大。必须用下三种方来使用这些粮：留作，留作防恶天气影响保障措施，及作为商品卖掉，来更换旧农具和化肥给土壤施肥。他可能还需要钱来修建灌溉水渠，或其他方面善自己的场。如果没余粮，农就不能自自足他就只得卖部分家产通过寻额外的 。自然，他尽量争取息 ，这种 不是经能够得到的。PartⅡReadingPassage一、词汇注ata例：I’matalosswhattodonext.我对下一步做什么心里没谱（损坏物例：Smallshopshavebeenacasualtyoftherecession.小商店在经济中深受其害3.［U］急救室，vi.*1.tograduallydisappear逐渐例：Herbeautyhasfadedalittle.美貌已有点失色。2.to eweakerphysically(身体)变得虚弱（尤指因此导致重病或）a1.2.热烈赞扬的，热情洋溢的aglowingaccount/report热情洋溢的叙述/*3.光明的，辉煌的；glowv.发热，发光，发红n.光亮，光辉vt.giveorbeadisadvantagetosb/sth（、某物设置不利条件;被施加不利条件例behandicappedbyalackofeducation因文化水平低而n.［C］1.（由于受到损坏而产生的身体或智力上的）残障，残疾*2.，不利条件例：Illiteracyisaserioushandi