语法术语中英文

语法术语中英文1.Noun（名词）countableuncountable（可数名词、不可数名词）NumberofN（名词的数）Irregularplurals（不规那么复数）GenitivecaseofN（名词的所有格）Doublegenitive（双重所有格）Pronoun（代词）Personalpronoun（人称代词）Possessivepronoun（物主代词）Reflexivepronoun（反身代词）Interrogativepronoun（疑问代词）Indefinitepronoun（不定代词）Numeral（数次）Cardinal、ordinalnumbers（基数词、序数词）Percentage（百分数）Fraction（分数）Decimal（小数）Multiple（倍数）Determiner（限定词）Definite,indefinite,zeroarticles（定冠词，不定冠词，零冠词）Quantifiers（数量词）Preposition（介词）Adjective（形容词）Attributive定语Predicative表语Adverbclauseequivalent副词性从句7.Adverb（副词）ModifierofAdj/Adv/Prep-phrase/N-Phrase/Adverb-clause（形容词、副词、介词短语、副词性从句的修饰语）ThecomparativeandsuperlativedegreesofAdj/Adv（形容词和副词的比较级和最高级）9.Verbclasses（动词）Transitiveandintransitiveverbs（及物动词和不及物动词）Auxiliariesandmodalauxiliaries（助动词和情态动词）Semi-auxiliaries（半助动词）Phrasalverbs（短语动词）10.Tense（时态）Simplepresent,past,futureandwithmodals（一样此刻时，一样过去时，一样以后时和情态助动词加动词）Presentandpastprogressive（此刻进行时和过去进行时）Futureprogressiveandwithmodals（以后进行时和情态动词加进行时）Presentandpastperfect（此刻完成时和过去完成时）Futureperfectandwithmodals（以后完成时和情态动词加完成时）Presentperfectprogressive（此刻完成进行时）Pastperfectprogressive（过去完成进行时）voice（被动语态）Passivevoiceinsimpletense（被动语态的一样时态）Passivevoiceinperfectandprogressivetenses（被动语态的完成和进行时态）Passivevoiceofphrasalverbs（短语动词的被动语态）Subjunctivemood（虚拟语气）ToV（Infinitive动词不定式）assubject,objectandcomplement（用作主语，宾语和补足语）Indicatingpurpose/result（表示目的和结果）Modifyingadjective（修饰形容词）aspostmodifierinanounphrase（后位修饰名词）tobe+V-ed2,tohave+V-ed2,tobe+V-ing（不定式的被动式，完成式和进行式）V-ing（Gerund动名词）object,subjectandpredicative（宾语,主语和表语）N/Pronounsortheirpossessive+V-ingassubjectandobject（名词/代词或其所有格加动名词作主语和宾语）Prep+N/Pronounsortheirpossessive+V-ing（介词加名词/代词或其所有格加动名词）being+V-ed2,having+V-ed2,havingbeen+V-ed2asanounequivalent（动名词的被动式,完成式和完成被动式起名词作用）15pre-modifierandpostmodifierinanounphrase此刻分词和过去分词）ascomplement（补足语）asanadverbclauseequivalent（作状语）When/while,etc.+V-ing/V-ed2（When/While等加此刻分词或过去分词）（with）N+V-ing/V-ed2（[with]名词加此刻分词或过去分词）DanglingV-ingasadverbclauseequivalent（无归属此刻分词作状语）being+V-ed2,having+V-ed2,havingbeen+V-ed2asanadverboradjectiveclauseequivalent（此刻分词的被动式、完成式和完成被动式作状语或定语）16.Basicsentencepatternsandsentenceelements（大体句型和句子成份）Pattern1:S+VPattern2:S+V+CsPattern3:S+V+OPattern4:S+V+Oi+OdPattern5:S+V+Od+Co17.Interrogativeform（疑问形式）Negativeform（否定形式）Passiveform（被动形式）relativeclause（定语从句）Restrictiveandnon-restrictive（限制Parenthesis（插入语）Omission（省略）Omissionthroughcoordination（并列结构中的省略）Negation（否定）Totalnegation（全数否定）Partialnegation（部份否定）Doublenegation（双重否定）Transferrednegation（转移否定）性和非限制性定语从句）Appositiveclause（同位语从句）Nounphraseappositivetoclause（名词短语作句子的同位语）Clauseoftimeandspace（时刻从句和地址从句）Clausesofcondition,concessionandcontrast（条件从句、妥协从句和对照从句）Clausesofcause,resultandpurpose（缘故从句、结果从句和目的从句）Clausesofmannerandcomparison（方式从句和比较从句）Clausesofproportionandothertypes（比例从句和其它从句）3rdpersonpronouns,andpluralsofthe1stand2ndpersonpronouns（第三人称代词，第一、二人称代词的复数）indefinitepronouns（不定代词）（+of+N/Pron）Subject-verbinversion（主语与谓语倒装）beingbeing+Adjective)朗文高级英语语法》1此刻完成时1此刻完成时(PresentPerfect)2-4am/is/arebeing+形容词(am/is/are第一章动词时态概述(OverviewOfVerbTenses)1一样时态(TheSimpleTenses)2进行时态(TheProgressiveTenses)33完成时态(ThePerfectTenses)4完成进行时态(ThePerfectProgressiveTenses)1-5时态用法总结(SummaryChartofVerbTenses)6-ing和-ed形式的拼写(Spellingof-ingand-edForms)第二章一样此刻时，一样过去时，此刻进行时和过去进行时(PresentAndPast,SimpleAndProgressive)1一样此刻时(SimplePresent)2此刻进行时(PresentProgressive)3静态动词(StativeVerbs)2-5规那么动词和不规那么动词(RegularandIrregularVerbs)2-6规那么动词：-ed的发音(RegularVerbs:Pronunciationof-edEndings)7不规那么动词表(IrregularVerbs:anAlphabeticalList)2-8易混淆的动词：raise/rise,set/sit,lay/lie(TroublesomeVerbs:raise/rise,set/sit,lay/lie)2-9一样过去时(SimplePast)2-10过去进行时(PastProgressive)2-11进行时态与always连用表示抱怨(UsingProgressiveVerbswithalwaystoComplain)2-12进行时态中地址状语的用法(UsingExpressionsofPlacewithProgressiveVerbs)第三章完成时和完成进行时(PerfectAndPerfectProgressiveTenses)2此刻完成进行时(PresentPerfectProgressive)3过去完成时(PastPerfect)4 过去完成进行时(PastPerfectProgressive)第四章以后时(FutureTime)1一样以后时：will和begoingto(SimpleFuture:willandbegoingto)2will与begoingto的比较(willvs.begoingto)3历时刻状语从句表示以后(ExpressingtheFutureinTimeClauses)4-4用一样此刻时和此刻进行时表示以后(UsingthePresentProgressiveandtheSimplePresenttoExpressFutureTime)5以后进行时(FutureProgressive)6以后完成时(FuturePerfect)4-7以后完成进行时(FuturePerfectProgressive)第五章时刻状语从句和时态的温习(AdverbClausesOfTimeAndReviewOfVerbTenses)1时刻状语从句：形式(AdverbClausesofTime:Form)2历时刻状语从句表示时刻关系(UsingAdverbClausestoShowTimeRelationships)第六章主谓一致(Subject-verbAgreement)1以-s或-es结尾的词：用法、发音和拼写(Final-s/-es:Use,Pronunciation,andSpelling)6-2大体的主谓一致问题(BasicSubject-verbAgreement)6-3主谓一致：表达数量(Subject-verbAgreement:UsingExpressionsofQuantity)6-4主谓一致：therebe的用法(Subject-verbAgreement:Usingthere+be)5主谓一致：不规那么用法(Subject-verbAgreement:SomeIrregularities)第七章名词(Nouns)1名词复数形式的规那么和不规那么转变(RegularandIrregularPluralNouns)2所有格(PossessiveNouns)1033名词作修饰语(UsingNounsasModifiers)7-4可数名词和不可数名词(CountandNoncountNouns)5不可数名词(NoncountNouns)6常见不可数名词(SomeCommonNoncountNouns)7-7冠词的大体用法(BasicArticleUsage)7-8冠词用法的大体原那么(GeneralGuidelinesforArticleUsage)7-9数量的表达(ExpressionsofQuantity)7-10afew和few,alittle和little的用法(Usingafewandfew;alittleandlittle)7-11带of的数量表达(UsingofinExpressionsofQuantity)7-12all(of)和both(of)〔All(of)andboth(of)13单数的数量表达：one,each,every(SingularExpressionsofQuantity:one,each,every)第八章代词(Pronouns)1人称代词(PersonalPronouns)2人称代词：与类属名词、不定代词的一致性(PersonalPronouns:AgreementwithGenericNounsandIndefinitePronouns)8-3人称代词：与集合名词的一致性(PersonalPronouns:AgreementwithCollectiveNouns)4反身代词(ReflexivePronouns)8-5you,one和they用作非人称代词(Usingyou,one,andtheyasImpersonalPronouns)6other的形式(Formsofother)7other的常见表达(CommonExpressionswithother)第九章情态动词(一)(Modals,Part1)1概述(Introduction)9-2I作主语的礼貌请求(PoliteQuestionswithIastheSubject)9-3 you作主语的礼貌请求(PoliteQuestionswithyouastheSubject)4wouldyoumind用作礼貌请求(PoliteRequestswithwouldyoumind)5表示必需：must,haveto,havegotto(ExpressingNecessity:must,haveto,havegotto)9-6没必要要和禁止：haveto和must的否定形式(LackofNecessityandProhibition:havetoandmustintheNegative)7忠告：should,oughtto,hadbetter(Advisability:should,oughtto,hadbetter)9-8should的过去式(ThePastFormofshould)9-9期望:besupposedto(Expectations:besupposedto)9-10提议:let's,whydon't,shallI/we(MakingSuggestions:let's,whydon't,shallI/we)11 提议：could与should的比较(MakingSuggestions:couldvs.should)第十章情态动词(二)(Modals,Part2)1表示确信程度：此刻时(DegreesofCertainty:PresentTime)2表示确信程度：此刻时的否定形式(DegreesofCertainty:PresentTimeNegative)10-3表示确信程度：过去时(DegreesofCertainty:PastTime)10-4表示确信程度：以后时(DegreesofCertainty:FutureTime)10-5情态动词的进行式(ProgressiveFormsofModals)6表示能力：can和could(Ability:canandcould)10-7would表示过去重复性的动作(UsingwouldtoExpressaRepeatedActioninthePast)8表示偏向：wouldrather(ExpressingPreference:wouldrather)9情态动词和短语情态动词的结合(CombiningModalswithPhrasalModals)10-10情态动词和类似表达的总结表(SummaryChartofModalsandSimilarExpressions)第十一章被动语态(ThePassive)11-1 被动语态的组成(FormingthePassive)11-2 被动语态的用法(UsingthePassive)3间接宾语用作被动语态的主语(IndirectObjectsUsedasPassiveSubjects)4情态动词与短语情态动词的被动语态(ThePassiveFormofModalsandPhrasalModals)5静态被动语态(StativePassive)11-6常见静态被动语态动词+介词(CommonStativePassiveVerbs+Prepositions)7get与被动语态(ThePassivewithget)11-8分词形容词(ParticipialAdjectives)第十二章名词性从句(NounClauses)1概述(Introduction)12-2以疑问词开头的名词性从句(NounClausesBeginningwithaQuestionWord)12-3以whether或if开头的名词性从句(NounClausesBeginningwithwhetherorif)4疑问词后接不定式(QuestionWordsFollowedbyInfinitives)12-5以that开头的名词性从句(NounClausesBeginningwiththat)12-6直接引语(QuotedSpeech)7间接引语：名词性从句中动词的形式(ReportedSpeech:VerbFormsinNounClauses)8名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法(UsingtheSubjunctiveinNounClauses)9带有-ever的辞汇的用法(Using-everWords)第十三章定语从句(AdjectiveClauses)1概述(Introduction)2定语从句的关系代词作主语(AdjectiveClausePronounsUsedastheSubject)3定语从句的关系代词作动词的宾语(AdjectiveClausePronounsUsedastheObjectofaVerb)13-4定语从句的关系代词作介词的宾语(AdjectiveClausePronounsUsedastheObjectofaPreposition)13-5定语从句的经常使用句型(UsualPatternsofAdjectiveClauses)6whose的用法(Usingwhose)13-7定语从句中where的用法(UsingwhereinAdjectiveClauses)13-8定语从句中when的用法(UsingwheninAdjectiveClauses)13-9定语从句修饰代词的用法(UsingAdjectiveClausestoModifyPronouns)13-10定语从句中标点符号的利用(PunctuatingAdjectiveClauses)13-11定语从句中数量的表示方式(UsingExpressionsofQuantityinAdjectiveClauses)13-12名词+ofwhich的用法(UsingNoun+ofwhich)28613-13which修饰整个句子的用法(UsingwhichtoModifyaWholeSentence)28613-14将定语从句简化为形容词短语：概述(ReducingAdjectiveClausestoAdjectivePhrases:Introduction)15将定语从句转变成形容词短语(ChanginganAdjectiveClausetoanAdjectivePhrase)第十四章动名词和不定式(一)(GerundsAndInfinitives,Part1)1 动名词：概述(Gerunds:Introduction)14-2动名词作介词的宾语(UsingGerundsastheObjectsofPrepositions)3后面接动名词的常见介词短语

(CommonPrepositionCombinationsFollowedbyGerunds)14-4后面接动名词的常见动词(CommonVerbsFollowedbyGerunds)5go+动名词(go+Gerund)14-6后面接动词-ing形式的固定搭配(SpecialExpressionsFollowedby-ing)14-7后面接不定式的常见动词(CommonVerbsFollowedbyInfinitives)8后面既可接不定式又可接动名词的常见动词(CommonVerbsFollowedbyeitherInfinitivesorGerunds)14-9后面接动名词的动词列表(ReferenceListofVerbsFollowedbyGerunds)14-10后面接不定式的动词列表(ReferenceListofVerbsFollowedbyInfinitives)14-11it+不定式；动名词和不定式作主语(it+Infinitive;GerundsandInfinitivesasSubjects)AndInfinitives,Part2)15-1表示目的的不定式：inorderto(InfinitiveofPurpose:inorderto)2后面接不定式的形容词(AdjectivesFollowedbyInfinitives)3不定式与too和enough连用(UsingInfinitiveswithtooandenough)4不定式和动名词的被动语态和完成式(PassiveandPastFormsofInfinitivesandGerunds)15-5need后接动名词或不定式的被动语态形式(UsingGerundsorPassiveInfinitivesFollowingneed)15-6所有格修饰动名词(UsingaPossessivetoModifyaGerund)7感官动词的用法(UsingVerbsofPerception)15-8let和help后接动词原形(UsingtheSimpleFormafterletandhelp)15-9使役动词的用法：make,have,get第十五章动名词和不定式(二)(Gerunds第十六章并列连词第十五章动名词和不定式(二)(Gerunds第十六章并列连词(Coordinating1平行结构(ParallelStructure)2成对连词：both・・・and;notonly…butalso;either…or;neither…nor(UsingPairedConjunctions:both...and;notonly...butalso;either...or;neither...nor)3用并列连词连接独立分句(CombiningIndependentClauseswithCoordinatingConjunctions)第十七章状语从句(AdverbClauses)1概述(Introduction)2缘故状语从句(UsingAdverbClausestoShowCauseandEffect)17-3表达对照(意外的结果)：eventhough的用法〔ExpressingContrast(UnexpectedResult):Usingeventhough〕17-4表达直接对照：while和whereas(ShowingDirectContrast:whileandwhereas)17-5条件状语从句：if从句(ExpressingConditionsinAdverbClauses:17-6条件状语从句：whetherornot和evenif的用法(AdverbClausesofCondition:Usingwhetherornotandevenif)17-7条件状语从句：incase和intheeventthat的用法(AdverbClausesofCondition:Usingincaseandintheeventthat)17-8条件状语从句：unless的用法(AdverbClausesofCondition:Usingunless)9条件状语从句：onlyif的用法(AdverbClausesofCondition:Usingonlyif)第十八章将状语从句简化为修饰性的副词短语(ReductionOfAdverbClausesToModifyingAdverbialPhrases)1概述(Introduction)2将时刻状语从句简化为修饰性的副词短语(ChangingTimeClausestoModifyingAdverbialPhrases)3用修饰性的副词短语表达“与此同时”的概念(ExpressingtheIdeaof“DuringtheSameTime”inModifyingAdverbialPhrases)18-4用修饰性的副词短语表示因果关系(ExpressingCauseandEffectinModifyingAdverbialPhrases)18-5在修饰性的副词短语中利用“upon+-ing”(Usingupon+-inginModifyingAdverbialPhrases)第十九章表示因果、对照和条件关系的关联词(ConnectivesThatExpressCauseAndEffect,Contrast,AndCondition)1becauseof和dueto的用法(Usingbecauseofanddueto)19-2用过渡词表示因果关系：therefore和consequently(UsingTransitionstoShowCauseandEffect:thereforeandconsequently)19-3句型和标点符号小结(SummaryofPatternsandPunctuation)19-4其它表示因果关系的方式：such…that和so…that(OtherWaysofExpressingCauseandEffect:such...thatandso...that)19-5表示目的：sothat的用法(ExpressingPurpose:Usingsothat)6表示对照(意料之外的结果)〔ShowingContrast(UnexpectedResult)〕19-7表示直接对照(ShowingDirectContrast)19-8表示条件：otherwise和or(else)的用法〔ExpressingConditions:Usingotherwiseandor(else)〕9关联词小结：因果、对照和条件关系(SummaryofConnectives:CauseandEffect,Contrast,Condition)第二十章条件句和表达愿望的方式(ConditionalSentencesAndWishes)1 条件句中一样动词形式概述(OverviewofBasicVerbFormsUsedinConditionalSentences)20-2此刻和以后的真实条件句(TrueinthePresentorFuture)3此刻和以后的非真实条件句(与