中考英语情态动词专题复习

中考英语情态动词专题复习一、考点分析对情态动词提问的回答情态动词否定形式的意义区别情态动词表推测的用法差异二、专题详解一、情态动词的语法特征1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2)情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。3)情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4)情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。常见的情态动词有：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need等,另外，haveto、hadbetter也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。二、情态动词的分类1、只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might) 2、可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare3、具有情态动词特征：have(had,has)to,usedto,oughtto4、情态动词表猜测：must,can,could,may,might注：mustn't代表强烈禁止must表示主观，haveto表示客观二、情态动词的用法must必须、一定can能够、可能shall应该、将要need需要、必要could能够、可能should应该haveto不得不may许可、可以will决心、将要oughtto应该might许可、可以would愿意知识点1:含有情态动词的疑问句的回答对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,youmay./Yes,ofcourse./Yes,certainly./Sure.No,youmustn,t./No,youcan,t.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes,...must.No,…needn,t./No,…don'thaveto./No,…don'tneedto.Could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Couldyoudomeafavour?你能帮我个忙吗？一CouldIuseyourpen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗？一Yes,youcan可以(注意回答)Wouldyou…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes,Iwill.(No,Iwon't.)Sure.(I,msorry,Ican't.)Allright/OK/Withpleasure.Certainly.(No,thankyou.)Yes,please.shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes,please.Allright.No,thankyou.典型例题一WouldyoudomeafavourandpassonmythankstoLily?A.That,srightB.WithpleasureC.Itdoesn,tmatterD.Notrouble-MustIreturnthemagazinetoyourightnow,Sandy?--No,you.YoumaykeepituntilnextWednesday.Aneedn,tBcan,t Cmust DmayCanyouspeaklouder,please?Ihearyouclearly.A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.needn't D.can't---Mustwefinishtheposterinclass?---No,you .Youcanfinishitafterclass.（2012普陀二模）A.Mustn,tB.needn,t C.shouldn,tD.can't1A.意为“对了”，B.意为“乐意效劳”,C.意为“没关系”D.意为“不费事”。答案：B2A3D4B知识点2：不同情态动词的否定意义差异（比较）can,t①can't可译为“不会”，如：Ican7tplaybasketball.我不会打篮球。②当句子表推测时，否定句和疑问句中用can/could，肯定句中用mustHecan7tbeill.HeisplayingchesswithTom.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。Isawherjustnow.Shemustbeintheoffice.我刚才看到她了。她一定在办公室③canl还可用来回答“MayI…？”这样的问句。MayIcomein?我可以进来吗？No,youmustnt/cant不，你不能。④canl还可用于固定习语中。canlhelpdoing禁不住，情不自禁can'twaittodosomething迫不及待地要做…>Shecan,thelpcrying,她不禁大哭起来。may的否定式为maynot,译成“可能不"，>Hemaynotbeathome.他也许不在家。mustn’t①mustn’t表示不许，不可。Hemustn,tleavehisroom,他不许离开他的房间。Youmustn,ttalkinclass,你们不可以在课上说话。②mustn,t也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。—MayIstandhere?我可以站在这里吗？—No,youmustn,t（can't）.不，不行。needn't①needn't意为“不必”。Youneedn,tmeethimunlessyou,dliketo,你不需要见他，除非你愿意。②needn't+have+动词的过去分词，表“不需要完成但已完成的动作”，暗含时间或精力上的浪费。Youneedn'thaveboughtit你没必要买它（但你却买了）。need和dare（need为考试的重难点）★★这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时，后面的to时常可以被省略。1）实义动词侈用于肯定句）：need（需要，要求）needtodosth/need+n.2）情态动词（多用于否定句&疑问句）：need，只用原形need后加do,否定形式为neednot。>Needyougoyet?你要走了吗？Yes,Imust./No,I.©皿上是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。needn,thavedone和didn,tneedtodo区别：Wedidn'tneedtogo.我们没有必要去。（所以也就没有去）Weneedn'thavegone.（其实）我们是没有必要去的。（但事实上已去过了）Maryneednothavedoneit.玛丽本来不必去做那件事。（言外之意是：她已经做了）needn,thavedone,表示“已做了原来无需做的行为”之意。shouldhavedone:表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来能够做某事而没有做”含有指责对方或自责的含意.Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.汤姆，你太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的.shouldn,t表示不应该。>Youshouldn’tfeelsounhappyoversuchlittlethings.对于这种小事，你不应该感到这么不高兴。典型例题Youbehungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!A.wouldn,tB.can,tC.mustn,tD.needn'tChristyhasbeeninChinafortwoyears,butshestillspeakChinese.A.needn't B.can't C.mustn't D.shouldn'tTom,youmustn'tplaywithfire.Youhurtyourselfifyoudon'tstop.A.may B.can C.should D.needtoYouwashyourcaratthemoment.It,sgoingtorain.A.needn,t B.mustn,t C.shouldn,t D.can,tCanyouspeaklouder,please?Ihearyouclearly.A.mustn't B.shouldn't C.needn't D.can'tKeys:1B。表示对现在的肯定推测，常用mustbe来表示，表示对现在情况的否定推测，常

用can’tbe来表示。知识点3:情态动词表示推测的用法差异(比较)态动词初中英语里的情态动词用法主要是如图所示的六个。我们把他们按照预期和推测可能性从弱到强做了排列。这样就一目了然！态动词语气对现在或将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”。肯定的推测一般用must，should，may(might)或can(could)，其中，must的语气最强。意为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，意为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may(migt)，can(could)的语气最弱，意为“有时会”、“也许”、“可能”。否定推测|分为两种情况:语气不很肯定时，常用may/might/couldnot,意为“可能不”、“也许不”;否定语气较强时，则用can七意为“根本不可能”、“一定不能”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。【例题】.Youbetiredafterworkingforeighthourswithoutarest.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need.—Lookattheboyrunningontheground.IsitDavis?—Itbehim.Isawhimgototheteacher'sofficejustnow.A.mustB.can'tC.couldD.might答案：CB情态动词易混淆点总结易混点1.can和beableto:1）can/could表示能力；可能（过去时用could）,只用于现在式和过去式（could）。beableto可以用于各种时态。例如：Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。2）只用beableto的情况：a.位于助动词后。b.情态动词后。c.表示过去某时刻动作时。d.用于句首表示条件。e.表示成功地做了某事时，用was/wereableto,不能用could。例如：HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。注意：could有时不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：---CouldIhavethetelevisionon?我能看电视吗？---Yes,youcan./No,youcan't,可以/不可以。2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：Hecouldn'tbeabadman,他不大可能是坏人。易混点2:maybe和maybd词 用法区别常用位置maybemay为情态动词，be为动词原形句中，作谓语maybe副词，大概、也许相当于perhaps句首，作状语

Hemaybewrong,butI'mnotsure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。Maybeheisstillathome.★情态动词记忆口诀情态动词两要点;动词原形跟后面，说话语气较委婉；can表"能力"；may"许可"；must"责任"或"义务"；否定回答"needn't"换；should"应该"；would"愿。易混点3：must和haveto1）两词都是‘必须’的意思，haveto表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）2）haveto有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。3）否定结构中：don'thaveto表示"不必"，mustn't表示"禁止"。例如：Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit,你不一定要把此事告诉他。Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit,你不得把这件事告诉他。【例1】--Mustwefinishgivingouttheposterstoday?--Yes,we.Itcan'tbeputoffanylonger.A.canB.mayC.mustD.haveto【例2】--Ididn'tpassthemathtest.IthinkIhavespenttoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesrecently.--Iagree.Youplaylikethatanymore.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.maynotD.wouldn'tA.needn'tB.mustn'tC.maynotD.wouldn't【例3】Whentrafficlightsarered.Westopandwait.A.mayB.can C.mustD.might.【例4】一Ireallylikeplayingcomputergames!—I'mafraidyoustop,foryourstudyandyourhealth.A.amB.willC.mayD.must答案：CBCD易混点4:usedtodo/beusedtodoing/beusedtodo…/beusedfordoingsth1）usedtodo表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去，注意用todo,不用doing形式；2）而beusedtodoing意为”习惯做...”，be可有各种时态;beusedtodo意为"……被使用去做……「为被动语态形式。beusedfordoingsth"用作 ”Sheisusedtoeatingmeat,她习惯吃肉。Hewasn'tusedtoeatinginarestaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭。Aknifecanbeusedforcuttingthings.（刀可以用来割东西）Aknifecanbeusedtocutthings.（刀可以用来割东西）【考例】Heusedtointhesun,butnowheisusedtoatnight.A.read,readB.reading,readC.read,readingD.reading,reading答案：C易混点5can和could两者都可用来表能力，意为“能够，会”可用来表示许可（常用在口语中）或表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等态度（常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）。【考例1】--CouldIborrowyourdictionary?--Ofcourseyou.A.canB.mustC.shouldD.will【考例2】--Listen!IsTomsingingintheclassroom?--No.ItbeTom.HehasgonetoParis.A.maynotB.needn'tC.can'tD.mustn't【考例3】一Mary，youspeakChinese?—Yes，onlyalittle.AmustBneed Cmay D.can答案：ACD易混点6shall和shouldshall用于第一人称疑问句表示征求对方意：见；用于第二、三人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给予对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当"，此时可用oughtto替换；可用来表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪（用在疑问句中）；还可用来委婉地陈述自己的意见。【考例】Schoolsallowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.A.would B.might C.should D.could答案：C易混点7hadbetter和wouldrather“hadbetter+动词原形"意为“最好做 ”，否定句式为hadbetternot。Itisprettycold.You'dbetterputonmycoat.天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。She'dbetternotplaywiththedog,她最好不要玩耍那条狗。“wouldrather+动词原形”意为“宁可，宁愿”，否定句式为wouldrathernot。wouldratherdo/wouldrathernotdowouldrather...than... 宁愿.••而不愿。Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.我宁愿呆在这儿，而【考例1】--Bob，mayI__yourMP4?-Sure.Butyou'dbetternotittoothers.A.lend；lendB.lend；borrowC.borrow；borrowD.borrow；lend【考例2】-Whataboutplayingfootballthisafternoon,Sam?-Iwouldratherathomethanfootball.It'stoohotoutside.A.stay;playingB.stay;playC.tostay;toplayD.tostay;playing答案：DB总结：can/may/must/should用法概览情态动词许可猜测其他can可以/表能力，“能够，会”beabletocan’t不可以不可能表示不能做，能力的缺失may可以可能表祝愿Mayyoubehappy!must/定表义务，必须havetomustn't不可以，禁止/should很大的可能性，“按道理说应该”表义务、职责，“应该，应当”情态动词专题练习Youtotellhimthenews.Itwillmakehimsad.A.needn,tB.shouldn,tC.couldn,tD.don,tneed-MustIdoallthehousework,Mum?--No,you.Justcleanyourbedroom.A.mustn,tB.shouldn,tC.needn,tD.can,tJack,youaskawomanherageinEngland.Ifsimpolite.A.needn'tB.don'thavetoC.oughttoD.shouldn'tWehurryallthewaytotheairport,theflightwascancelledbecauseofthefoggyweather.A.mustn,tB.couldn,tC.needn,tD.shouldn'tTooursurprise,weenjoyahalfmonthholidayhiJanuaryin2018.A.shouldB.can C.mustD.needCanyouspeaklouder,please?Ihearyouclearly.A.mustn'tB.shouldn'tC.needn'tD.can'tAlltheparcelswillbedeliveredtoyourhomeintwodays.Youworrytoomuchaboutit.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.can't D.shouldn'tItdoesn,tlooklikerain,soyoubringyourumbrellawithyou.A.mustn'tB.can,tC.needn'tD.maynotChildrenbeverycarefUlwhentheygoacrossthebusystreet.A.shouldn'tB.needn'tC.must D.mayIlookedeverywhereforthebook,butIfindit.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.maynotD.couldn'tBelieveitornot,it'ssaidthatpeoplebornintheyearoftheratbecomeexcellentwriters.A.shouldB.can C.must D.need一MustIfinishmyhomeworkbeforeIgotoplaybasketball?一Yes,you .A.needn'tB.can't C.must D.mayYoutellhimthegoodnewsbecausehehasalreadyknownit.A.needn,tB.maynotC.mustn,tD.can,t—ShallItellMikeaboutit?一No,you.He'salreadyknownit.A.needn'tB.can't C.must D.may一CanItakethesemagazineshome?一Yes,you,butpleasereturnthemintwodays.A.must B.may C.should D.need一MustIwashtheseplates?一No,you.Themachinecandoit.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.maynotD.needn'tChristyhashadthreejobssincecollege,andshestilldecidewhatshewantstodo.A.needn'tB.can't C.mustn'tD.shouldn'tMyparentsoftentellmewecareforsmallcreatures.

A.canB.shouldC.mustn'tD.needn'tA.canB.shouldC.mustn'tD.needn'tPassengersstayseatedduringthetake-offandlanding.A)can B)may C)should D)mustMilliecometoattendyourbirthdaypartytonight,butheisn,tverysureyet.A)may B)must C)need D)hastoComputerssolvemanydifficultproblemsquickly.A)can B)must C)need D)shouldSomeAmericansthinkifstudentschewgum(咀嚼口香糖)inclass,theyfocusontheirstudy.A)maynot B)needn,t C)shouldn,tD)mustn'tThereisstillquitealotofmeatinthefridge,soyoubuyanymore.A.mustn,t B.needn,t C.can,t D.shouldn'tTheweatherreportsaysitwon'trainthisafternoon,soyoutakeanumbrellawithyou.A)shouldn,tB)mustn,tC)can,t D)needn7tCathyhastodothesamethingeveryday.Shebeveryboredwithherjob.A)can B)need C)should D)must—Themanagersaysthere,snohotwaterafter8:00p.m.—Youmeanwegotobedwithoutashower.Howterrible!A)haveto B)may C)must D)canYouwatchsportsnewsforawhileifyouhavefinishedyourhomework.A)must B)need C)should D)mayOnSchoolOpenDay,parentsknowhowcolorfultheirkids7schoollifeis.A)should B)can C)must D)needForoursafety,wedrivecarsafterdrinkinganywines.A)can,tB)needn,tC)shouldn,tD)mustn,tA)can,tB)needn,tC)shouldn,tD)mustn,tPlantsandflowerswaterandsunwhentheystartgrowing.A.needtoB.don'tneedC.needn't D.needYouhavealreadytriedyourbest,soyouworrytoomuchabouttheexams.A.can't B.needn't C.mustn't D.shouldn'tOnlyyoudosuchathing,I'msure,andnobodyelsehassuchanability.A.must B.should C.may D.canYouworryaboutyourson.Hecantakecareofhimself.A.can,t B.maynot C.mustn,t D.needn't---Mum,willyoubuymethenewiPadaftertheHighSchoolEntranceExamination?---I,mafraidI,dear.Weareshortofmoneynow.Acan,t B.mustn,t Cshouldn,tDneedn