2020届高考英语专项练习专题八：《七选五说明类专练》(含答案)

一．七选五

2020第I卷（选择题（每题2分，共40分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A（考点24中难）TheUSAisasocietyformedbymanydifferentimmigrantculturesthatproducedanewandmixedculture.MostAmericanscelebratedifferentcustomswhichstartedinothercountriesandstartseveralnewtraditionsandcultures.① ② Theytendtoliveindependently,andcommunicatedirectly,honestlyandinformallywiththeirfamilies,friendsandcolleagues.Americansalwayskeepadvancingwiththetimes.③

InAmerica,itisrelativelycommonforbothparentstowork,andAmericanwomenareequalpartnersinmarriage.IntheUSA,themostcommonfamilyunitconsistsoftheparentsandchildrenlivingunderoneMostAmericanchildrenaretaughttocompete,throughorganizedsportsandeducation,aswellasspeakouttheirmindsandhaveconfidencetostandupforwhattheybelievein.④

Manyimmigrantfamiliesalsofeatureseveralgenerationslivingunderoneroof,withyoungerfamilymembersrespectingtheelders’needsandvaluingtheiropinions.Whenpeoplefromdifferentculturesgetmarriedandhavechildren,theymayhaveissueswhenitcomestomaintainingtheiruniquetraditionsandmixingsharedcustomsatthesametime.⑤

However,withalittleeffort,childreninthesefamiliescanbenefitfromhavingbothoutlooksandtraditions.Childrenwhoareraisedbilinguallycanalsobenefitinfuturecareersandlearntomakedecisionsbetterthanmonolingualkids.ManyAmericansfindhappylifeisimportant.Theyarealsotaughttorespecttheirparentsatallcosts.Itcanbeachallengetofindtheperfectbalancebetweencultures.D.Accordingtosocialists,theAmericanfamilyculturehasmanyuniqueaspects.Americanchildrenrefusetofollowtheirparents’adviceandalwaysarguewiththem.ChangingratherthanstickingtotraditionisconsideredbymanyAmericansasimprovement.Thedifferenceiseasytodealwithifparentscanmeetandstandintheother’sshoes.B（考点24中难）IstillremembermyfirsttimegoingtotheChinesecompany'scanteen.WhenIsteppedontotheelevator,eachonewasfullofpeople.①

However,therewasnosignoffireandpeoplewerelaughingandtalking.Ifollowedtheflowofthecrowdtothedoorsofthecanteen.ItoccurredtomethatinChinaeveryonehaslunchalmostatthesametime.②

Thecanteenfollowedthisschedule,onlybeingopenafewhoursperday.WhenIstoodinthedoorway,IrealizedIhadtoactfastorIwouldbeleftbehind.③ Unlikemyschoollunchroom,hereeveryonelinedupandtookatray,andinsteadofsilverwaretherechopsticksandsoupspoons.AsIwaspushedalongtheline,IsawdishesIdidn'trecognizeandaspeoplecutinlineandpickedupdishesleftandright,④

Iendeduptakingaporkandcucumberdishandatofusalad.Ihavebeenatmycompanyforoverayearandahalf.⑤

IhavewhatdishesIlike,mostlybytrialanderror,andalotoftheworkersknowmeandsayhellotome.Iamstillgettingusedtoeatinglunchat"lunchtime",butIthinkthescheduledefinitelyhelpskeepmeontrackduringtheday.Iwishthereweresomethinglikethisatofficesinmyhometown.IthoughtIhadmissedafiredrill.Therewasnoemergency;itwasjustlunchtime.Inoticedthingsatlunchtimewereabitdifferent.IfeltthatIneededtomakesomequickdecisions.Thecanteenremindedmeofmyschoollunchroom.AndnowIamgladtosayIammoreconfidentinthecanteen.IwasnotveryfamiliarwiththelocalfoodorrestaurantsinChina.C（考点24中难）Earthishometoaround7,000languages,aroundhalfofwhichareexpectedtodisappearby2100.Languagesdisappearformanyreasons.Sometimesyoungergenerationsstopleamingalanguagebecauseparentswantchildrentofitin.①

NativeAmericanchildrenofthelate-19thcenturywererequiredtoattendboardingschoolswhereeducatorsforbadethemfromspeakingtheirnativelanguages.TheUnitedNationsranksendangeredlanguagesaccordingtotheirrisklevel.Forexample,a"criticallyendangered" languageisonethatevengrandparentsdon'tspeakoften.NewYork'sOnondagalanguageisanexamplewithonly50speakersleft.An"extinct"languagehasnospeakers.Itisgoneforever.Alaska'sEyaklanguageisoneexample.② ③ Inthesameway,differentlanguagescontributetoculturaldiversity.Savingtheselanguagesbenefitsourunderstandingofothercultures.Languagescanshowhowasocietylookstheworld and what it values.A language may describe something in away that is funny,too. In Welsh,itrainsnotcats anddogs,butoldwivesandwalkingsticks.TheEndangeredLanguageAlliancewantstosavelanguagesfromdisappearing.④ However,itseffortsarelimited.Ifanendangeredlanguageisgoingtomakearealcomeback,it'llprobablygetitsstartinschools.Fornearly100years,publicschoolsinHawaiididnotteachtheHawaiianlanguage.NowstudentscankeeplearninginHawaiianfromelementaryschoolstocollegeandbeyond.⑤ Atleastonedid.In1881,aJewishlinguistnamedEliezerBen-Yehudabroughtthe3,000-year-oldlanguageHebrewbacktolife.TodayitisoneoftheofficiallanguagesofthecountryofIsrael,withmorethan4millionspeakers.Thelastpersonwhospokeitdiedin2008.Whyshouldwesaveendangeredlanguages?Variousanimalsandplantsbenefitourenvironment.Withjust5speakersleft,itisabsolutelyendangered.Canalanguagewithzeronativespeakerscomebacktolife?Sometimessocietiesforceminoritiestogiveuptheirlanguage.Thenonprofitgroupfindsnativespeakersandrecordstheirstories.D（考点24中难）Long,longagopeoplecouldn'twriteandtheyhadnobooks.Buttheyhadstories.Peoplelearnedthestoriesbyheartandtaughtnewonestooneanother.Sometimesitwashardtorememberthemall.① TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrus莎草）plants.PeopleinotherplaceslearnedtousepapyrusfromtheEgyptians.② Soparchment(羊皮纸)，madefromlatertookitsplace.InancientChina,bookslookedalittledifferent.Atthattime,peoplethereusedinktowriteonbambooorsilk.Andthentheyinventedpaper.Madeoftree，paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.③ PapermakinglaterspreadtoWest,buttherewasabigproblemwiththeseearlybooks.Everysingleonehadtobecopiedandwrittenbyhand.④ Theycarved(雕刻pageofword'sintoapieceofwoodorstone.Theycouldthenprintthepagebyspreadinginkonthewoodorstoneandputtingitagainstpaper.Butitwasn'tuntilaGermanprinterinventedmovable,metallettersthatbooksbecamefastandeasytomake.Theletterscouldbeusedtoprintcopyaftercopy,andthelettersputtogetheragainandagaintoprintdifferentpagesofwords.⑤ Oncealuxury(奢侈品therichcouldbuy.itsoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy,ButpapyrusgrewmainlyinEgypt.Ittookyearstofinishmakingjustonebook.C.Finallybookscouldbeprintedbythethousands.D.Thingsgrewalittleeasierwhenwritingwasinvented.Itssurfacewassmootherandbetterforwritingontoo.BooksintheWestdidn'tchangeforalongtimeafterthat.TheChinesewerethefirsttothinkofawaytospeedthingsupalittle.第II卷（非选择题（每题1.5分，共60分）1（1）Friendshipisoneofthemostimportantthingsineveryone’slife.① isverydifficulttofindabetterdefinition(定)offriendship.Atruefriendistheperson② 考点10cansharealloursadnessanddoubleallourhappiness.Intimeoftrial尝),heorsheisalwaysatoursidetogiveushisorherhelpandcomfort.Knowinghowvaluablefriendshipis,weshouldbevery③ 考06(care)withourchoiceofafriend.Weshould④ (choice)thosepeoplewithagoodcharacterasourfriends,butmusttrytoavoid⑤ 考点08(make)friendswithabadman.Besides,weshouldforgivetheirmistakesandtrytohelpthemasmuch⑥

possible.Atruefriendcanalways⑦ 考点09(trust),lovedandrespected.Ifyoutellafriendyoursecrets,heorshewillnottellothers.Friendssharetheirjoys⑧ 考12unhappiness.helpeachotherwhentheyare⑨ 考点03trouble, and cheer each other up when they are sad.⑩ 考点01mostimportantthingisfriendalwaysunderstandsyou.Inconclusion,whenyouhavemadeagoodfriend,don’tforgethimorher.（2）TheBritishMuseum,① 考点08(locate)intheBloomsburyareaofLondon,isthefirstnationalpublicmuseumdedicatedtohumanhistory,artandculture.Itspermanentcollectionnumbers8millionworks,makingitoneofthelargestin② 考04(exist).Ithasbeen③ 考点06(wide)sourced,documentingthestoryofhumanculture④ 考03itsbeginningstothepresent.Aswithallothernationalmuseumsin⑤ 考01UnitedKingdom,itchargesnoadmissionfee.Itsownershipofsomeofitsmostfamousobjects⑥ 考点10originallycamefromothercountriesiscontroversial,particularlyinthecaseoftheParthenonMarbles.Todaythemuseumnolongerhouses⑦ 考04(collection)ofnaturalhistory,andthebooksand(稿)once⑧ 考点09(hold)nowformpartoftheindependentBritishLibrary,⑨ 考点12itstillkeepsitsuniversalityincollectionsofartificialworks⑩ 考点08(represent)theculturesoftheworld,ancientandmodern.（3）Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid①

wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent,wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame,wewereready.Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths 考点06(early),butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We③ 考点09 (tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek,④ 12fortheweekafter.Ididn'tunderstand⑤

thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged⑥ 03thereservation.What'sworse,thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewas⑦

考点06(surprise)helpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon⑧ 考01 topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchamazingroom,andweweren'tchargedextra.Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach⑨

考点13wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle⑩

考点08(sunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.（4）TheBritishhavemanytraditionsbutthereisnothingmorequintessential典型)thantakingafternoontea.Weknowthehavealoveaffairtea,① 考03/08morethan160millioncupsdrunkeveryday,butitwastheinventifafternoonteathatturnedtea-drinkinginto② 01popularpastime.Thissociablefeastinvolvesdrinkinggoodqualitytea③ 考点06(comfort)whilenibbling(小口)onnicesandwiches,sconeswithjamandcreamandaselectionofsmallcakes.And,ofcourse,itcanonlyhappenintheafternoon!Afternoontea,④ 考点08(design)asalightsnacktobridgethegapbetweenlunchanddinner,datesbacktothe1840s. Itwentontobecomea⑤ 考点06(fashion)socialoccasionfortheupperclasses.Nowthereisaresurgence(复苏)inits⑥ 考点04(popular)intheUKanditisavailabletoanyonewhocanaffordit.⑦ 考点13itcanbeenjoyedathome,thebestwaytoexperienceitisatasmarthotelofcafé.Butifyou’rethinkingofvisitingsuchaplace⑧ 考点08(enjoy)aplateofsweetandtastytreatswithasteaminghotbrew,remembertherulesyoumustfollowtoavoid⑨ 08(ask)toleave.WriterHenryJamesoncenotedthat“therearefewhoursinlifemoreagreeablethanthehourtotheceremonyknownasafternoontea”.I’msureonceyoutryit,you⑩ 09(agree).参考答案一、七选五A、答案：D;A;F;B;CB、答案：ABEDF解析：本文讲述了作者第一次在中企餐厅就餐的感受。AA知,BBE项中的schoollunchroom文呼应,故选E,D项。,F项“现在我可以很高兴地说我在餐厅更加自信了”是对作者熟悉中餐厅后的描写,故选FC、答案：F;A;C;G;E解析：1F由.An"extinct" languagehasnospeakers.Itisgoneforever.Alaska'sEyaklanguageisoneexample.可知已经灭绝的语言没有说种这语言的人了。它永远消失了。阿拉斯加语言就是一个例子。所以小题2说的说这种语言的最后一人死于2008年,这种语言也就永远消失了。符合对前文的解释。故A选项切题。inthesameway3CTheEndangeredLanguageAlliancewantstosavelanguagesfrom联盟希望挽救这些即将消失的语言。小题2G由Atleastonedid.In1881,aJewishlinguistnamedEliezerBen-Yehudabroughtthe3,000-year-oldlanguageHebrewbacktolife.TodayitisoneoftheofficiallanguagesofthecountryofIsrael,withmorethan4million1881年,一位名叫EliezerBen-Yehuda34005ED、答案：DAEGCTheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrusplants.(古埃及人把他们的故事写在用纸莎草这种植物制作的东西上。）可知，第一段的最后一句承接第一段的内容并引起第二段的内容，所以应该填与“把故事写下来”相关的内容。〕AE〔提示：根据前一句Madeoftrees，paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.(用树木制造的纸，相比纸莎草和羊皮纸更加便宜和容易制作。）可知，这一段是在讲用树木制作的纸的特点。〕G结合选项GspeedC项符合语境，现在的书可以成千上万的复制印刷。〕二、语法填空答案：It;who;careful;choose;making;as;betrusted;and;in;The1.located2.existence3.widely4.from5.the6.that7.collections8.held9.but10.represe