美国种族问题MicrosoftPowerPoint演示文稿

会计学1美国种族问题MicrosoftPowerPoint演示文稿someasrefugeessu!Ulikemostotherpeoples,Americansareprimarilyanationofimmigrants.Thecitzensortheirancestorsimmigratedfrommanypartsoftheglobesomeasadventuressomefleeing

someascaptives

第1页/共32页2023/1/20TheUnitedstateswasfoundedontheprincipleofhumanequality,butinthefactthenationhasfallenfarshortofthatideal.Americansocietyisastratifiedone,inwhichpower,wealth,andprestigeareunequallydistributedamongthepopulation.Thisequalityisnotsimplyamatterofdistinctionsbetweengenderandsocialclasses,ittendstofollowracialandethniclinesaswell,withtheresultthatclassdivisionsoftenparallelracialdivisions.

第2页/共32页2023/1/20

AfterthesuccessfulofthefirstAnglo-SaxonfromnorthwestenEuropequicklytookcontrolofeconomicassetsandpoliticalpowerintheUnitedStates,andtheymaintainedthiscontrol,togreaterorlesserdegree,eversince.SuccessivewavesofimmigratesfromothepartsoftheworldstruggledlongandhardtoassimilatedintothemainstreamofAmericanlife.

Howeveronlypartofthemsucceededandsharedinthe''Americandream'';othersbecauseofthedifferentethnicorracialcharacteristics(mostfromdominantgroups)havrbeenexcludedandcouldn'tparticipatefulllyinAmericanlife.TheresultisthatthisdiscriminationhasbeenasevereandcontinuingracialtensionintheU.S,Particularlysincethecivivalrightsdemons,gehettoriots,andotherunrestinthe1960s,raceandethnicrelationshavebeenamajorpreoccupationofsocialscientists,politiciansandthegeneralpublic.

第3页/共32页2023/1/20

IntheUnitedStates,exceptthedominantwhiteAnglo-SaxonPotestantothergroupsareminoritygroupinAmericansociety.Thheseracialandethnicminoritiesmainlyrefersto:

NativeAmericansBlacksAmeicanIndiansAsianAmericansHispanicsAndalltheseracialgroupssufferfromdiscriminationandinjustice.Andtheproblemshaveattractedthemostpublicattention:theblacks(Afro-Americans)第4页/共32页2023/1/20第5页/共32页Afro-AmericansAfro-Americansusedtobethelargestoftheracialandenthnicminorities.Butrecentcensusshousthattheyarenowthesecondlargest,aftertheHispanics.

Thepopulation:In2004,accoutfor12.3%over25.2million,11.7%Theirhistoryhasbeenoneofsustainedoppression,discrimination,anddenialofbasiccivilrightsandliberties.第6页/共32页WhenandwhythefirstAfricanswerebroughttoNorthAmerican?Howtheyweretreated?第7页/共32页In1519FortheircheaplaborShippedinwretchedlycrowedconditionstotheCaribbeanandthentotheUnitedStates.SoldlikecattleatauctionAndthewhiporthelynchmobservedtoassertsocialcontroloverslaveswhochanllengedtheestablishedorder.第8页/共32页黑人的数量多了，他们开始反抗这种不公平的待遇，开始有了各种不同的反抗运动，视频，然后将他们在运动中取得成绩已及这种歧视没有彻底的消除到现状查黑人制度延续设及一小部分北美战争查黑人数量查黑人第9页/共32页

In1830,theNorthernstateshadallabolishedtheslavery,butSouthernstatesendedituntilin1863bytheCivilWar,Lincoln'semancipationofslavesandtheAmendmenttotheConstitutionin1865.Aftertheabolitionofslavery,theywerestillsufferedthediscriminationinmanyways:

第10页/共32页Manystatespassedsegregationlawstokeeptheraceapart(schools,housing,restaurant,andotherpublicfacikities)inthelowest-paidjobs,keeptblacksoffthevoters'sroll,preventedtheirpoliticalrights)第11页/共32页查美国1960s黑人运动及其取得成就第12页/共32页ThecurrentstatusofAfro-AmericansItpresentsamixedpictures.Althoughtheychievedcinsiderablesuccess,therearestillunequalityforblacks.第13页/共32页Ulikemostotherpeoples,Americansareprimarilyanationofimmigrants.Thecitzensortheirancestorsimmigratedfrommanypartsoftheglobe——someasrefugeessomeasadventuressomefleeingsomeascaptivesForthesepeoplecametoAmericanindifferentwaysandfordifferentpurposes.TheyshareacommonAmericanculture,butthenationcontainsmanyracialandenthnicconflictswhichhavebeenpersistentsocialproblemtoUSsociety.第14页/共32页2023/1/20In1963,thisman,Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.,expressedhisvisioninthefamousspeech,"IHaveaDream."Butthedream-rootedintheAmericanDream-wasn'treallynew.Fromthebeginning,thisnationofimmigrantswelcomedpeopledesiringfreedomandanewstart.However,thecomingtogetherofdifferentracesandethnicgroupscreatedsometensions.TheearlyAmericans(exceptforthenative"Indians")werealmostallwhiteEuropeans.Asmoreimmigrantsarrived,Europeangroupsfitintosocietyeasily.Othersfounditmoredifficult.第15页/共32页2023/1/20这个人,马丁路德.金恩博士,在一九六三年的一篇有名的演讲"我有一个梦"当中表达了他的理想.其实这个根植于"美国梦"的理想,并不是个完全新潮的主意.从一开始,这个由移民所组成的国家,便欢迎渴望自由和新开始的人来到.但是,不同种族的到来亦带来了紧张的气氛.早期的美国人(除了印地安原住民之外)几乎全是来自欧洲的白人.当更多的移民抵达时,欧洲团体较容易适应这个社会,其它团体则较感困难.第16页/共32页2023/1/20Blackpeopleweretheonly"immigrants"whodidn'tchoosetocometoAmerica.Forhundredsofyears,AfricansweretakenfromtheirhomestobeslavesintheNewWorld.EvenGeorgeWashingtonandThomasJeffersonhadslaves.Thephrase"allmenarecreatedequal"didn'tapplytoblacksintheirday.TheendoftheCivilWarfinallybroughtfreedomtotheslavesin1865,butblacksstillhadalowerpositioninsociety.ManySouthernstatespracticedsegregationto"keepblacksintheirplace."Blacksandwhiteswenttodifferentschools,ateatdifferentrestaurants,evendrankfromdifferentwaterfountains第17页/共32页2023/1/20黑人是唯一非出于自愿而到美国来的"移民".几百年以来,非洲人自其家园被迫带到新世界为奴.即使乔治.华盛顿和汤玛士.杰弗逊也曾蓄奴.那句"人类生而平等"的话,在他们的时代并不适用于黑人.一八六五年,南北战争的结束终于为黑奴带来自由,但是黑人的社会地位仍然较低.许多南方的州实行种族隔离政策以使"黑人不会跨越界限".黑人和白人上不同的学校,在不同的餐馆吃饭,甚至连喝水都用不同的饮水机.第18页/共32页2023/1/20TheCivilRightsMovementinthe1950sand1960shelpedblackpeoplesecuremanyoftherightspromisedintheConstitution.A1954SupremeCourtdecisionruledthatsegregationhadnoplaceinpublicschools.Gradually,Americaneducationbecamemorefair.In1955,RosaParksrefusedtogiveupherseatonabusforawhiteman.HercouragesparkedabusboycottinMontgomery,Alabama,thatendedsegregationoncitybuses.MartinLutherKingJr.encouragedblackpeopletousenonviolentmeanstoachievetheirgoalsofequaltreatment.Finally,CongresspassedtheCivilRightsActof1964tostopdiscriminationinallpublicplaces.第19页/共32页2023/1/20一九五Ｏ与一九六Ｏ年代的人权运动,帮助黑人得到许多宪法中所保障的权利.一九五四年最高法院的一个判决,决定了在公立学校里不准实行种族隔离政策.渐渐地,美国的教育制度越来越公平了.一九五五年,罗莎.帕克拒绝在公车上让位给一个白人.她的勇气激起了阿接巴马州的蒙哥马利市对公车的抵制,结束了市区公车上的种族隔离制度.马丁路得.金恩博士鼓励黑人,使用非暴力方式达到他们追求平等待遇的目标.最后,国会在一九六四年通过民权法案,禁止所有在公共场合的歧视.第20页/共32页2023/1/20InspiteofthegainsoftheCivilRightsMovement,racialproblemsstillexist.Thelawshavechanged,butsomepeople-onallsidesofthecolorspectrum-remainprejudiced.Ten-sionssometimeseruptinviolence.The1992LosAngelesriotssprangfromtheverdictofaracially-chargedcourtcase.Moreover,blacksandwhitesarenottheonlyracialgroupsstrugglingtogetalong.MulticulturalAmericahasnumerousminoritygroupsthatargueforequaltreatment.Somecontendthatcurrentimmigrationlawsunfairlydiscriminateagainstcertainracialgroups.第21页/共32页2023/1/20虽然民权运动带来进步,但是种族问题仍然存在.法律已经改变了,但是有些人--各种肤色的人-