2023年面向对象程序设计C山师习题答案

第六章习题答案一、选择填空1、A2、C3、D4、B5、D6、A7、C8、A9、D10、AIKC12.A13、B14、C15、C16、D17.B18、C19、A20、D21、C22、B二、判断下列描述的对的性,对者划J,错者划X。1、J2、义3、X4、X5、J6、J7、义8、J9、X10、V11、J12、J13、J14、J15、X16、J17、J18、J19、V20、X21、X22、X三、分析下列程序的输出结果。1、运营该程序输出结果如下所示。Defau1tconstructorca11edConstructorca1leda=0,b=0a=4,b=82、运营该程序输出结果如下所示。a=7,b=93、运营该程序输出结果如下所示。1044、运营该程序输出结果如下所示。1035,789.5045、运营该程序输出结果如下所示。CDate：:CDate()CDate：:CDate(intday,intmonthjntyear)(m_nDay=day;m_nMonth=month；m_nYear=year;)voidCDate：:Display()(charday[5];charmonlh[5];charyear[5];_itoa(m_nDay,day,10);_itoa(m_nMonIh,nionth,10);_itoa(m_nYear,year,10);cout<<day«'7"<<month«'7"«year<<end1；}voidCDate::AddDay()(m_nDay++;if(IsLeapYear())if((m_nMonth==2)&&(m_nDay==30))m_nMonlh++;m_nDay=l；rcturn；)}else{if((m_nMonth==2)&&(m_nDay==29))(m_nMonth++;m_nDay=1;return；})if(m_nDay>31){if(m_nMonth==12)(m_nYear+4-;m_nMonth=l;m_nDay=1;)eIse(m_nMonth++：m_nDay=1;}))voidCDate::SetDate(intday,intmonth,intyear)(m_nDay=day;m_nMonth=month；m_nYear=year;)CDate:：~CDate()()boolCDate::IsLeapYear()|boo1bLeap;if(m_nYcar%4!=0)bLeap=false;elseif(m_nYear%100!=0)bLeap=true;elseif(m_nYear%400!=0)bLeap=fa1se；elsebLcap=truc;returnbLeap;voidmain()CDated;d.SetDatc(2023,2,28);coutvV"当前日期=>'d.Disp1ay();d.AddDay();coutvv”当前日期加1=>:";d.Disp1ay();)4、程序内容如下所示。#include<iostream,h>classTc(private：doubleunlead,lead,total;intunpricc,price;pub1ic:Tc(){unprice=l7；price=16；}voidgetdata(){coutVV"无铅汽油总量「；cin>>un1ead;coutv<”有铅汽油总量;”；cin»lead;totai=unpricc*unlead+pricc*lcad；voiddisp()cout«"总收入:"<<total«cndl;))；voidmain(){TcA;A.getdata();A.disp()；}5、程序内容如下所示。#inc1ude<iostream.h>c1assCFactorial(intvaluc;in(fact;pub1ic:CFactorial(intva1);voidCa1culateFactorial()；voidDisp1ay()；)；CFactoria1:：CFactorial(intva1)(vahic=val;fact=I;voidCFactorial：：Ca1culateFactorial(){inii=value;while(i>1)facl*=i—；IvoidCFactoria1：：Display()(cout<<value<<"!="«fact«end1;}voidmain()(CFactoriaIA(5);A.CaIculateFactorial();A.Disp1ay();)6、程序内容如下所示。#include<iostream.h>#include<iomanip.h>classrectangle(private：floatledge,sedge;public:rectangle(){};reclangle(floala,floatb)Icdge=a;sedge=b;)；floatarea(){returnledgersedge;)；voidaddarea(rectang1er1,rectangler2)(coul<〈”总面积：w<<rl.1edge*rl.sedge+r2.1edge*r2.sedge«endl；)}；voidmain()(rectangleA(3.5,2.5),B(4.2,3.8),C;C.addarea(A,B);}7、程序内容如下所示。inc1ude<iostream.h>inc1ude<iomanip.h>classrectangle(private：f1oatledge»sedge;pub1ic:rectang1e(){}；rcctanglc(f1oata,floath)(ledge=a；sedge=b;I；floatarea()(return1edge*sedge;}；voidshow1ength()(coutvv"周长:"VV(ledge+sedge)*2«endl;)rectang1ct1cngth(rcctangler2){rectangletemp;temp.ledge=ledge+r2.ledge;temp,sedge=sedge+r2.sedge;retumtemp；});voidmain()rectangleA(3.5,2.5),B(4.2,3.8);cout«"A,';A.showlength();cout«"B°;B.showlength();rcctanglcC=A.tlcngth(B);cout«"C"；C.showlength();}8、程序内容如下所示。#inelude<iostream.h>#include<iomanip.h>c1assLine(private:doubIexl,x2,yl,y2;public:Line(){};Line(doublea.doubleb,doublec,doubled)(x1=a;yl=b;x2=c;y2=d;cout«"线段端点"VVxl<<"JVVylvv")-("«x2«,,,"«y2«")"«endl；)friendtwoline(Line1I,Line12)(doublerl=12.y1*(12.x2-11.x1)-1I.y1*(12.x2-12.x1)+(11.x1—12.x1)*(12.y2-12.yl)；doubler2=(1l.y2-ll.y1)*(12.x2~12.x1)-(11.x2-11.x1)*(12.y2-l2.yl);doubler=rl/r2;doub1et=((ll.xl—I2.xl)+r*(11.x2-11.x1))/(12.x2-12.X1);if(r>0&&r<l&&t>0&&t<l)coutVV""<<end1;e1seif(r>O&&r<l&&t>=l)cout<<""<<end1;elseif((r>=1||r<=0)&&t>0&&t<1)coutvV""<<endl;e1secout«"',<<endl；)｝；voidmain()(LincA(2,2,18,18),B(1,12,19,5);twoline(A,B);)9、本题涉及两个类siudent和cdegree,前者为学生类，包含学生的学号(no),姓名(name)和成绩(degree),而成绩degree是类cdegree的对象。cdegrec类有3个数据成员,分别为数学(math),英语(english)和物理(phy)分数。程序内容如下所示。#include<iostream.h>c1assstudentintno;(}{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)1!11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19){19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11}6、运营该程序输出结果如下所示。Starting1：Defau1tconsiructorcalled.Defau1tconstruetorcalled.Defaultconslructorcalled.Edingl:Starting2:Constructor:a=5,b=6Constructor：a=7,b=8Constructor：a=9,b=10Ending2：Destructorca11cd.a=9,b=10Des(ruclorca11ed.a=7,b=8Destructorcailed,a=5,b=6Destruetorcalled.a=5,b=6Destmetorcallcd.a=3,b=4Destructorcalled.a=Lb=27、运营该程序输出结果如下所示。Defaultconstructorcalled.DefauItconstruetorcalled.Defaultconstructorca11ed.DefauItconstructorcal1ed.charnamef10］；c1asscdegree(publie：intmath;intenglish;intphy：}degree;pub1ic:voidgelda(a()(coutvv”学号：”;cin»no;coutvv"姓名:";cin»name；coutVV”数学分数：cin»degree.math;cout«"英语分数："；cin>>degree.english;cout<<”物理分数：cin»degree.phy;)voiddisp(){cout<<"学号："<<no<<cndl;cout<<"姓名："«name«endl：cout«"数学分数："<<degree.math«endl;cout<<"英语分数：'*<<degree.english<<end1;cout<V”物理分数："<<degrec.phy<<endI：))；voidmain()(studentstud;stud.getdata();stud.disp();)10、程序内容如下所示。#include<iostream.h>classStudcnt(inteng1ish,computcr,total;pub1ic:voidgetscore();voidclisplay();voidsort(Student火)；-Student()；｝；voidStudent::getscore()(cout<<"输入英语成绩"；cin»english;coutVV"输入计算机成绩”；cin»computer;totai=english+computcr;)voidStudent::sort(Studcnt*p)(inttmp,i,j：for(j=0：j<2；j++)for(i=0；i<2;i++)if(total<p->tota1)(tmp=total;total=p—>tota1;p->tota1=tmp;(mp=english;cnglish=p->cnglish;p->english=tmp;tmp=computer;computer=p->computer；p->computer=tnip；))voidStudent::display()cout<V"英语="<<cng1ish<<"计算机="«computcr<V"总分="<Vtotal«cndl：voidmain()Studcnt*A[3];for(intj=O;jv3;j++)(A|j]=newStudent;coutvv"学生"V<j+lvvend1;Afj]->getscore();}inti；for(j=O;j<2；j++)for(i=0；i<2;i++)A[i]->sort(A[i+l]);cout<<end1V<"排序结果如下："<<endl;for(i=0;i<3;i++)A[i]->display()；)1、程序内容如下所示。#include<iostream,h>struct1ist〃定义栈(intdata;list*nexI；}；classStack〃定义一个栈操作类list*ptr;public:Stack(){ptr=NULL;}voidpush(inti);intpop();I；voidStack::push(intx)//入栈成员函数(list*newnode=new1ist;newnode->data=x；newnode->next=ptr；ptr=newnode；)intStack：:pop()//出栈成员函数(1ist*top;intvalue；value=ptr—>data;top=ptr；ptr=ptr->next;deletetop；returnvalue;)voidmain()StackA;iniarr[]={5,2,8,1,4,3,9,7,6};cout<<"入枝顺序："；for(inti=0;i<9;i+4-){cout«arr[i]«"A.push(arr[i]);)coutvvendlvv”出栈顺序:"；for(i=0：iV9;i++)cout«A.pop()<<""；cout«end);)12、程序内容如下所示。#include<iostream.h>struct1ist(intdata;list*next;c1assQucue(Iist*ptrf,*ptrb;〃队首和队尾指针public：Queue()ptrf=ptrb=NULL;voidenqueue(int);intdcqucuc()；)：voidQueue：:enqueuc(intx)〃入队成员函数(list*newnode=new1ist；newnode->data=x;newnode->next=NULL；if(ptrb==NULL)ptrf=ptrb=newnode：else(ptrb->ncxt=newnode;ptrb=newnode;})；intQueue:：dequeue()//出队成员函数(1ist*tmp;intva1ue;va1ue=ptrf->data;tmp=ptrf;ptr^ptrf->next;de1ctetmp;returnvalue;voidmain()QueueA;intarr[]={3,12,8,9,11};COUlVV"入队顺序；";for(inti=0;i<5；i++)(cout<<arr[i]«"";A.enqueue(arr[i]);}cout<<endl«"出队顺序；for(i=0；i<5;i++)cout«A.dequcue()«"”;cout<<end1;}13、程序内容如下所示。#include<iostream.h>#include<std1ib.h>typcdefstructtree(intdata;tree*1eft,*right-father；}*bstree;classBtrcestaticintn;staticintm;publie:tree*root;Btree()(root=NULL;)voidcreate_Btree(int);voidinorder(bstree)；//中序遍历voiddisplayO{cout«endl<<"中序遍历序列:"«endl；inorder(root);cout<Vendl;}intcount(bstree);//计算二叉树的个数intprint(bstrce,int)；//输出要查找的值相应的双亲结点的内容)：intBtrce:：n=0：in(Btree::m=0;intBtree：：print(bstreep,intk)(if(p==NULL)rcturn0;else(if(p->data!=k){print(p—>1cft,k);print(p->right,k);eIsecoutvvkvv"的双亲结点的内容为:"vvp—>father—>data«end)return0；})voidBtree:：ereate_Btree(inix)(bslreenewnode=newtree;newnode—>data=x；ncwnodc->right=ncwnode->lcft=NULL；if(root==NULL)root=ncwnode;else(bstreeback;bstreecurrent=root；whiIe(current!=NULL)(back=current;if(current—>data>x)

currcnt=currcnt->lcft;Destructorcalied.Constructorlcal1ed.Destructorcal1cd.Constructor2ca11ed.Destructorcalled.x=0,y=0x=5,y=0x=2,y=3Destructorca1led.Destruc(orca1led.Destructorcalled.8、运营该程序输出结果如下所示。Constructorcalied.0Construetorcal1cd.5Destructorcalled.55Destructorcalied.59、运营该程序输出结果如下所示。Constructorcalied.55Destructorca11ed.510、运营该程序输出结果如下所示。DefaultConstructorcalled.Construetor:rea1=6.8,imag=0Constructor：rea1=5.6,imag=7.90+0Icurrent=current->right；if(back->data>x){back—>left=newnode;newnode->father=back;}else{back->right=newnode;newnode->father=back;}))intBtree：：count(bstreep)(if(p==NULL)return0;e1sereturncount(p->1eft)+count(p—>right)+l;〃这是运用了函数嵌套即递归的方法。)voidBtree:：inorder(bstreetemp)//这是中序遍历二叉树，采用了递归I的方法。(if(temp!=NULL)(inorder(temp->left);cout<<temp—>data«"inorder(temp—>right);voidmain()(BtreeA;intarray[]={7,4,1,5,12,8,13,11}；intk；k=sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0]);coul«"建立排序二又树顺序：H«end1;for(inti=0；i<k;i++)(cout<<array[i]<<""；A.create_Btree(array[i])；}cout«endl;coutvv"二叉树节点个数：”<vA.count(A.root)«endl;A.disp1ay();)14、程序内容如下所示。#inelude<iostream.h>#inckide<stdio.h>structlist1ist*next；｝；classStack(ist*ptr;pub1ic：Stack()｛ptr=NULL；｝voidpush(inti);intpop();intempty()(if(ptr==NULL)relurn1;elsereturn0;)I；voidStack::push(intx)(ist*newnode=newlist；newnode->data=x;newnode->next=ptr；ptr=newnode;)intStack::pop()(list*top：value=ptr->data；top=ptr；ptr=ptr->next;deletetop;returnva1uc：)c1assQueue(list*ptrf,*ptrb;public:Queue(){ptrf=ptrb=NULL;)voidenqueue(int);intdcqucue()；)；voidQueue::enqueue(intx)(list火newnodc=newlist;newnode->data=x;newnode—>next=NULL；if(ptrb==NULL)ptrf=ptrb=newnode;pirb->next=newnode;ptrb=newnode;)}；intQueue：:dcqucue()(list*imp;intvalue;value=ptrf—>data;tmp=plrf;ptrf=ptrf—>next;de1etetmp；returnvalue;)voidmain()(StackS;QueueQ；charch;cout«"输入数据:";while((ch=getchar())!='.'){S.push(ch);Q.enqueue(ch);while(!S.emp(y()&&S.pop()==Q.dequeue());if(S.empty())cout<<”输入的是回文数据。”《endl；elsecout<<"输入的不是回文数据。"«end1;}15、程序内容如下所示。#include<iostream.h>#include<iomanip.h>classmagic(intm[4][4];intsiep;intfirst；intsum：public:voidgctdata();voidsetfirstmagic();voidgeneratemagic()：voidprintmagic();}；voidmagic::getdata()(cOUIV〈”输入魔方起始值：”;cin»first；cout«"输入相邻元素差值:"；cin»step;voidmagic::setfirstmagic()inti,j;inttmp；tmp=first；for(i=0;i<4；i++)for(j=0;j<4;j++){m[i][j]=tmp;tmp+=step；))voidmagic::gcncratemagic()(sum=m[0][0]+m[3][3];for(in(i=0,j=0；i<4;i++,j++)m[i][j]=sum-m[i][j];for(i=0,j=3;i<4；i++,j--)m[i][J]=sum-m[i][j]；)voidmagic::printmagic()(inti,j;for(i=0;iV4;i++)for(j=0;j<4;j++)cout<<setw(5)<<m[i][j];cout«endl;))voidmain()(magicA;A.getdata();A.setfirstmagic();coutv<”本来的魔方如下："cvendl;A.printmagic();A.generatemagic();coutVV"最终的魔方如下:"《endl;A.printmagic()：6.8+015.6+7.9IConstructor:rcal=1.2,imag=3.4Constructor：real=5,imag=0DefaultConstructorcailed.1.2+3.415+010+011、答：⑴该程序中用string.h中所包含的函数有3种,它们是strcpy()、strcat()和strlen().⑵该程序中使用了函数重载。它们是下述两个构造函数重载：String()和Siring(constchar*str)o(3)类中成员函数Sctc()的功能是用来设立字符数组中某位置的一个指定字符。⑷类中成员函数Getc()的功能是用来从某个字符数组中获取指定位置的字符。⑸类中成员函数Appcnd()的功能是在一个字符数组中追加一个指定的字符串，即将指定的字符串添加到已知串的后边。⑹不行。⑺该程序中有两处使用了new运算符。⑻运营该程序输出结果如下所示。empty.astring.9astring.thisastring.四、改正以下程序中的错误。1、该程序中point类的构造函数定义不对的，在main()中队数据成员的访问不对的,修改如下：#inc1ude<iostream.h>c1asspoint(ntxl,x2；public:point(intx,inty){point::x=x;point:：y=y；}voiddisp(){cout«xl<<endl;cout«x2«endl;)//)；voidmain(){pointda(a(5,5)；data.dispO;)2、在main。函数中的p.x+=5和p.y+=6两个语句是错误的，由于保护数据仅能被类的成员函数访问。五、按下列规定编写程序。1、程序内容如下所示。#inc