QF-18-2型汽轮发电机说明书

F0183312-SM(e)1.概述QF-18-2型汽轮发电机为我厂自行设计制造的三相交流发电机，与相应的汽轮机配套。发电机型号意义说明如下：QF-18-21 极数：2极汽轮发电机； 额定功率18MW本系列发电机额定转速为3000r/min，额定频率为50Hz，发电机由汽轮机直接耦合传动，采用同轴交流无刷励磁。发电机采用空冷密闭自循环通风系统。发电机旋转方向从汽轮机端向发电机看为顺时针方向。.技术数据发电机的技术数据：表1型号额定功率额定电压功率因数效率（保证值）QF-18-218MW6300V0.8>97%其他技术数据见发电机相关技术资料及图纸。正常使用条件：海拔不超过1000m。冷却空气温度不超过+40℃。安装在掩蔽的厂房内。电机各部分的温升和温升限值发电机在按表1规格、参数及2.2条使用条件下额定运行时，其温升限值（B级考核）见表2：表2部件位置和测量方法冷却介质为40℃时的允许温升限值共31页Total31Pages第1页Page1F0183312-SM(e)定子绕组槽内上、下层线圈间埋置检温计法80K转子绕组电阻法90K定子铁心埋置检温计法80K集电环温度计法80K不与绕组接触的铁心及其他部件这些部件的温升在任何情况下都不应达到使绕组或邻近的任何部位的绝缘或其他材料有损坏危险的数值轴承出油温度应不超过65℃,轴瓦温度不超过80℃。.结构说明本系列汽轮发电机的结构详见随机图纸。定子定子机座采用钢板焊接，为了便于嵌线及检修，设计成短机座，其吊攀焊于两侧。定子铁心由优质硅钢片冲制迭装，中间有通风槽钢支撑，形成径向通风沟，定子槽形为开口式矩形槽。定子线圈采用半组式，端部结构为篮形。线圈直线部分360°换位。线圈绝缘是用粉云母带连续包扎、热压成型。线圈端部以三角形绝缘支架为支撑，用绑线将线圈端部与绑环扎紧成一个整体，定子线圈在非汽机端设有六根引出线。转子转子是用整体优质合金钢锻制，辐向开有线槽，并在小齿二端开有月形槽，用于转子端部通风冷却。转子线圈由扁铜线绕成，转子线圈端部绝缘用绝缘垫块楔紧，楔紧后烘压成一个整体。转子槽楔中部为硬铝，两头为铝青铜，通风槽楔为钢，其上钻有孔，用以通风。转子护环为非磁性钢锻成，在转子两端装有轴流旋浆式风扇。端盖及底盖端盖分为内、外端盖，由铸铁制成，设有观察窗、灭火管及气封装置。底盖由钢板焊接而成，同样设有灭火管，非汽机端的底盖装有出线板，六根引出共31页Total31Pages第2页Page2F0183312-SM(e)线装于其上。轴承是压力油循环的滑动轴承，装有能自动调心的球面轴瓦，轴承座由铸铁制成，两端设有挡油装置。非汽机端轴承座与基础板和油管间设有绝缘。基础板为平板式，在电站安装时组装。发电机定子埋有电阻测温元件。端盖与机座侧面装有测量进、出风温度的温度计，在机座出风口处，还装有测量出口风温的电阻测温元件。轴承座出油管处，亦装有温度计。测温元件型号也可根据用户要求选定。接地电刷设在汽轮机端轴承后盖上。发电机采用一进二出的空冷密闭自循环通风系统，转子两端装有轴流旋浆式风扇，热空气经空气冷却器冷却。.安装保管和运输过程注意事项发电机在安装前应存放在清洁、干燥的仓库或厂房内，存放地点的温度不得低于+5℃。保管期间内至少每三个月进行一次检查，所有防护漆层应无脱落，轴颈、铁心、集电环或检测环等处不应锈蚀，并测量线圈的绝缘电阻，检查后应重新包装完好。转子的轴颈、轴头、联轴器、集电环或检测环表面应特别注意，涂防锈油后用防潮纸包好。安放转子时，应让本体大齿部分受力支撑，不允许使护环受力。起吊搬运时，钢丝绳必须按指定的起吊位置线进行起吊。安装说明发电机的安装应按安装图、电业部门规程及安装公司经验，再根据实际情况进行安装。此外尚须注意下列事项：电机的基础、地脚螺栓孔、风道、电缆沟及通向发电机小间预留孔的位置、尺寸及质量。地脚螺孔应垂直，并符合尺寸。注意各部位混凝土面标高。基础板下垫铁的布置共31页Total31Pages第3页Page3F0183312-SM（e）根据基础图纵横中心线及标高，进行基础板的初步安装，并在其下部垫以垫铁。垫铁布置对称于发电机纵横中心线，应设在负荷集中的地方，间距约为250mm，对于其他地方，间距可放宽至400-700mm。垫铁尽可能布置在基础板的主筋下，垫铁下混凝土受压面的单位荷重应不超过2.5-4MPa（即25-40kgf/cm2。）放置垫铁时须将厚的放于底层，薄的放于上层，垫铁层数应尽量减少，一般不超过3-5块。垫铁下混凝土面应平整，垫铁与混凝土、基础板底面、垫铁之间应接触良好。为了防止灌入混凝土时的垫铁移动，可在垫铁与斜垫铁间点焊牢。发电机定子的安装：起吊发电机定子时，应注意不要损坏定子绕组的端部。同时要防止发电机定子绕吊攀转动，在安装发电机定子时，应考虑到发电机在运行时的轴向伸长及由于汽轮机定、转子的相对伸长而引起的发电机定、转子中心的轴向位移。因此，安装定子时，应使定子2中心相对于转子本体中心向非汽端偏移△距离（△二△1+了，A1为汽轮机向发电机方向的膨胀量，△?为发电机前后轴承之间的转子膨胀量），以保证在负载时正常运行。轴承的安装：安装前应清洗并检查轴承座及轴瓦。轴承座的油室、轴瓦与轴承座的油通路应清洁、无铸砂及污垢，并检查轴瓦巴氏合金，应无刻划的沟道、裂纹、气孔、夹杂物及脱壳等缺陷。轴瓦与轴承座内球面以及轴承水平结合面应接触良好。轴瓦进、出油孔应与轴承座进、油孔一致,不得装反。轴承座应根据汽轮发电机中心线进行安装和调整，在轴承座下应按设计放置干燥的绝缘垫板及调节垫片，为了防止绝缘垫板及绝缘锥销损坏，应用其它垫板及钢锥销代替，安装完毕后再换以正式的绝缘垫板与绝缘锥销。为消除电机及汽机转子热膨胀引起的同向位移对油封的影响，安装发电机后轴承座时，应将后轴承中心线向非汽端方向移动△距离（△=△1+42，41为汽轮机向发电机方向的膨胀量，42为发电机前后轴承之间的转子膨胀量）。轴承下瓦的两侧垫块与轴承座内球面应接触良好。共31页Total31Pages第4页Page4F0183312-SM(e)轴颈与轴瓦间隙的调整，应符合下列要求。轴颈与轴瓦接触面中心角为60。-90。，接触分布应均匀。.轴颈与轴瓦顶部间隙为轴颈直径的1.5/1000-2.0/1000,两侧单面间隙为轴颈直径的0.75/1000-1.00/1000。轴承盖与上瓦应有±0.03mm过盈或间隙。修准挡油板间隙：上部为0.25-0.30mm、两侧为0.15-0.25mm、下部为0.10-0.15mm。发电机转子的安装发电机转子的安装应非常谨慎、细心，因为转子很重，而与定子的间隙又不大，因此安装时必须注意下列各点，以防损坏电机。钢丝绳不得触及轴颈、风扇、检测环及引线等处。起吊及安装时不得以转子护环为着力点。吊装转子时，钢丝绳不得碰及定子线圈端部。钢丝绳拴住转子的地方，应当用木板垫起，防止损坏转子。不得将转子直接放在定子铁心上面，而应用垫木衬垫。转子穿入定子时可用本厂随机供应的抽装转子工具。安装方法见图1。图1穿转子方法除按图安装外，尚需注意以下各点。共31页Total31Pages第5页Page5F0183312-SM(e)为使空气冷却器在检修时能滴干剩水，安装时应有少许斜度。冷、热风道之间应有隔热层，以防止相互间传导热。冷却系统的四周应密封，在风道内壁涂刷油漆以保证冷却空气干燥与清洁。所有风路应圆滑光洁，以减少空气流通阻力及通风损失。.使用说明发电机的干燥：发电机在运输存放过程中，线圈和铁心都可能吸水受潮，这些水汽深藏在内部，在冷态下绝缘电阻虽很高，但在运行发热后，水汽蒸发出来，使绝缘电阻降低，绕组有可能被击穿，因此发电机在运行前必须先行干燥。发电机干燥方法有如下几种，可根据现场条件进行选择。短路干燥法：定子三相接成短路，短路必须在油开关之前，如不得已而在油开关之后则必须断开跳闸线圈回路，以免断开短路时产生高压而击穿线圈。短路必须可靠，各相电流务必相同，否则不平衡电流可能造成转子表面过热，因此三相应装置电流表，以备观察。短路电流必须由小到大逐渐上升，当发电机转速接近2000-3000r/min时，运行5-10h(即风损干燥法)，然后调节调节器，使定子电流为50-60%额定电流，以后逐步增大，但不得超过80%额定电流。用此法干燥时要注意两端铁心及零件产生过热。短路干燥时汽轮机负载很小，应注意检查汽轮机后汽缸是否发生强烈过热。定子铁损干燥法：在定子上缠以一定匝数的电缆，通单相电流使定子铁心产生损耗而发热干燥，注意事项如下：电缆可以在不抽出转子的情况下缠绕在定子上，将轴承绝缘好，并在干燥过程中注意监视其绝缘性。测量定、转子绕组的绝缘电阻时，不切开电缆的电源。电缆匝数的确定：共31页Total31Pages第6页Page6

F0183312-SM(e)F0183312-SM(e)45U式中：W 电缆匝数U——电源电压(V)B——干燥时选用磁通密度(T),一般0.6-0.8T即(6000-8000Gs)Qa1--有效铁心截面积(mm2),见《试验规范》电缆可选用XV-500V电缆，其载流量为正常使用值的60-70%,不得选用铠装或铅皮的电缆。使用铁损干燥法时，应检查铁心内圆不得有金属物，以免引起短路，使铁心受损。通风损耗干燥法定子三相要接成短路，转子绕组开路。如发电机通风损耗干燥法在密闭循环通风冷却风路中进行，可停止对空气冷却器供水。如发电机用作开放式通风冷却，可封闭一切空气外流的通路。电机可在额定转速下运行，靠风摩损发热干燥，干燥过程中应周期性的打开发电机上的视察窗5-10min/次，以排除水汽。发电机运用上述各法进行干燥时应注意以下各点：发电机加热时温度应逐渐上升，上升速度一般约为5-8℃/h为宜。干燥时铁心和线圈最热点的最高温度如下：TOC\o"1-5"\h\z用温度计法测定： 70 ℃用电阻温度计法测定； 80 ℃用电阻法测定： 90 ℃从电机排出的空气温度： 65℃当电机干燥后吸收比及绝缘电阻值应符合下列标准，并5h以上稳定不变，方可认为干燥良好。定子绕组在干燥后接近工作温度时，其对地及相间的绝缘电阻，用2500V兆欧表测量，应不低于下式所求得的数值：(1000+(1000+SJ100)且R60,,/R5>.1.3共31页Total31Pages第7页Page7F0183312-SM(e)式中：R绝缘电阻值（MQ）U电机绕组的额定电压（V）SN发电机的额定容量（kVA）R60”60s时的绝缘电阻R15”15s时的绝缘电阻转子线圈经过干燥，绝缘电阻上升后，3h以上不再变化，并且在冷态（20℃）时，励磁电压500V以下的用500V兆欧表，励磁电压500V以上的用1000V兆欧表测量，均应不小于1MQ，则认为转子线圈干燥合格。转子插在定子内干燥电机时，转子处于静止状态，当转子温度达到70℃后，在2h内至少应把转子转动180°一次。起动前准备：发电机在起动前全部机件必须仔细检查，确保起动运行条件齐备，并应注意检查下列事项：机组安装就绪，全部螺栓应坚固。轴承润滑油系统试运行无问题。发电机冷却系统试运行无问题。发电机的电阻测温装置与偶衡指温计应接好并校检正确，各部位温度计也已装接完毕。励磁回路的检查试验与整定完毕。励磁回路接线正确。励磁装置的检查试验与整定完毕。保护、测量、操作信号和同期回路的接线应完整，并检查试验完毕，所有保护装置的整定值应选择正确，并进行用继电器接点控制的油开关和自动灭磁开关的试验。机组的安全、消防、通讯设备及事故照明设备应符合运行要求（包括发电机灭火装置）。发电机定子线圈引出线与电网的相序应正确。发电机定子机座应可靠的接地。起动前应该用盘车装置来转动转子，以确定转动部分无问题。发电机的起动、并列、增加负荷及停车。共31页Total31Pages第8页Page8F0183312-SM(e)发电机在空载无励磁下起动，起动时应按照汽轮机要求进行。起动应注意以下各点.：检查轴承油温、轴承振动是否正常。检测环上的炭刷是否因振动而有接触不良或跳动现象。转子轴向窜动时旋转部件与静止部件有无磨擦。检查轴承绝缘情况。发电机的并列必须满足以下条件。发电机的频率与系统频率相同。发电机的电压相位与系统电压相位相同。发电机的电压与系统电压相等。发电机负荷增加与调节。发电机与系统并列后即可接受负荷，负荷增加的速度应考虑以下几点：汽轮机应有充分时间来适应负荷增加情况，以免叶片受过多的应力。另一方面负荷的突增，锅炉将引起汽水共发现象，以致打坏汽轮机叶片或冷凝器满水引起真空下降。负荷增加得太快还将引起发电机绕组铜线与铁心膨胀不均，致使绝缘受损，因此在一般情况下，发电机并入电网后可运行在30%的额定负载，然后在30min内均匀地增至额定负载。发电机的停车：先减去有功与无功负荷后断开发电机开关，并启用自动灭磁装置切断励磁，汽轮机停止运行，同时空气冷却器立即停止供水。停车后，立即测量、记录定子线圈和励磁回路的绝缘电阻。运行中注意事项：应严密监视并定时记录电压、电流、负载、频率和定子线圈、定子铁心、转子线圈等的温升及轴承出油温度、进出口风温等，其值不得超过规定数据。轴承进油温度约在35℃-45℃之间，出油温度不得超过65℃。冷却空气温度不超过40℃，空气相对湿度不得大于50%。空气冷却器进水温度不得超过33℃，如进水温度超过33℃时，则应注意电机进风温度是否超过40℃。超过40℃时，应按提高的进风温度，相应降低电机负荷，从而控共31页Total31Pages第9页Page9F0183312-SM(e)制电机的允许温度。轴承座振动限值在制造厂，转子在额定转速下单独运转考核振动。在现场，机组成轴系在空载和额定状态下考核振动，轴承座的振动限值见表3,新机出厂时振动试验值应在A范围内，升降速、过临界转速或超速时的振动不得超过C范围。轴承座振动限值（单位：〃m峰-峰值） 表3范围转速（r/min）1500180030003600A50422521B1281076453C324270162135注：①范围A：振动数值在此范围内的设备可认为是良好的，并可不加限制地运行。②范围B：振动数值在此范围内的设备可以接受作长期运行。③范围C：振动数值落入此范围内，开始报警，提请注意安排维修。一般，该机器还可以运行一段有限时间，直到有合适机会进行检修为止。④振动数值超出C时，瞬时跳闸。经常对检测环和碳刷（如果有）进行检查与维护，检查碳刷有无火花、过热烧红、磨损不均或在刷合内晃动、卡住等现象。发电机着火时，应立即打掉汽轮机的危急保安器或操作紧急停机按钮。并关闭补给风门，在发电机与电网切断、自动灭磁装置动作后，方可向机内喷水，直至火灾消灭为止。而且应保持发电机在较低转速约300r/min左右转动，以免转子弯曲。运行中故障分析：运行中一般常见故障原因简要分析如下发电机电气不稳定：系统由于短路或其它原因，造成系统电压太低引起不稳定。汽轮机调速器调速不灵。励磁装置整定不良，引起无功负载分配的振荡。发电机发不出电压旋转硅整流元件损坏。共31页Total31Pages第10页Page10F0183312-SM(e)励磁线圈两点接地。发电机振动：振动过大是比较常见的故障，危害甚大，一般有下列原因:电磁原因造成振动：转子线圈匝间短路或是接地造成磁场不平衡。定子和转子气隙不均匀。定子铁心绝缘损坏，硅钢片松动。机械原因造成振动：汽轮机与发电机联轴器中心配合不正。转子线圈变形，端部垫块松动。轴承间隙不当或轴承螺栓松动，轴承润滑油温过低。转子平衡块松动位移。基础底板与基础脱开，垫铁位移等。发电机转子轴向窜动：安装时转子位置倾斜。定子和转子中心不在同一位置。定子线圈的故障：绕组槽楔或端部垫块绑扎不紧，引起松动，磨损绝缘。由于过电压引起绕组绝缘击穿。线圈端部焊接不良，引起端部接头过热。长期过载或年久绝缘老化。转子线圈的故障：.由于转子线圈端部污秽引起的绝缘电阻下降。由于过速或其它原因，引起转子过电压造成绝缘击穿。匝间短路或不稳定接地。轴承的故障：油量不足造成轴承过热。密封不良引起轴承漏油。由于轴承座绝缘不良，轴电流流过轴承，造成轴瓦电蚀。冷却器的故障：共31页Total31Pages第11页Page11F0183312-SM(e)冷却水污秽引起管道阻塞。机械振动引起胀口漏水或管子破裂。发电机过热：发电机过载运行。铁心或绕组短路。空气冷却器或通风系统故障。.维护检修说明发电机的安全运行，很大程度上决定于维护检修，因此凡在运行中的发电机均应根据现场条件，定期进行大修或小修。在平时运行期间，用约2个大气压的干燥空气吹扫电机外露集灰表面。注意空气的吹向，应不得使污秽吹入机内。现将一般部件维修项目分述如下：检修前的准备工作：发电机停机检修前，应根据运行记录发现的缺陷。提出革新与改进措施，编制检修项目、进度，准备必要的仪表工具、备品和材料，并应对电机进行一些必要的试验。如：6.1.1测量轴承的振动；6.1.2停机后立刻测量定、转子线圈的热态绝缘电阻。轴承的检修：测量轴承座与基础板，进、出油管间的绝缘是否损坏；检查轴衬是否磨损，轴衬与瓦的接合面有无裂纹，表面与油路是否清洁；应该时常检查轴承的用油质量和粘度，并且定期予以更换。转子的检修一般情况的转子检修工作：擦净检测环和引线周围的污秽；检查风扇叶片的紧固情况，安装角度是否有变化；检查风扇环及中心环上的平衡块有无松动；检查小齿上的月形沟有无堵塞，护环有无异常现象；检查转子端部垫块有否松动；检查轴颈表面情况。共31页Total31Pages第12页Page12F0183312-SM(e)在抽出转子后的转子检修工作：新机投入运行一年后，最好抽出转子检修，以后可每三至四年抽出一次，特殊情况例外，抽插转子方法可参考安装说明。测量转子的绝缘电阻；检查转子槽楔有无松动，转子表面及本体与护环配合处有无变色；检查转子线圈端部有无变形，垫块位置有无位移。拆除护环的程序：只有在转子线圈严重匝间短路影响正常运行、接地或绝缘电阻严重下降，采取措施后仍无法排除故障时，才拆除护环。其程序如下：将转子放在木制的鞍架上，让大齿朝下，拆下风叶，拆前先作好相对位置记录；将转子本体上的月形沟用石棉线塞满；将全部拆除护环所需的工具装置准备就绪；用几支气焊喷枪同时对护环均匀加热到200℃-250℃。(以锡条溶化为准)，此时用小锤轻敲护环，从声音判别配合面是否松脱；应用拆护环工具，将护环拔出，在拔出护环时应该用钢丝绳将护环吊住。注：拆中心环及风扇环时，方法与上相似，拆中心环时要将花鼓筒上的弧健先拆下，拆风扇环时应先拆下全部风扇叶片。拆除护环后的转子检修工作：观察转子线圈端部是否变形，垫块是否松动和位移；用干净压缩空气吹扫积灰；检查转子线圈匝间、端部及接至检测环引线的绝缘情况；针对检查出的问题进行必要的修理，包括线圈重新绝缘；对于修理较大，重配端部垫块的转子，套上护环后要重新进行动平衡；护环应垂直安放。检测环与碳刷架的检修检查刷架是否松动，弹簧压力是否合适，电刷连接是否牢固，全部零件应保持清洁干净；检测环磨损后表面不平时，应该将转子装在原轴承座上，进行磨光或抛光，切削速度可采取汽轮机的最低均匀速度。共31页Total31Pages第13页Page13F0183312-SM(e)定子的检修：不抽出转子时的检修：外观检查线圈端部及联接线的绝缘有无损坏、膨胀、掉漆等，端部接头处的绝缘有无枯朽、过热迹象。垫块、绑线、支架有否松动。同时清理干净。测量每一分支路直流电阻与工厂试验报告相比较。测量电阻测温元件的绝缘电阻，有无损坏。在冷态下用250V兆欧表测量时应不低于1MQ。抽出转子时的检修：除上述检查项目外，还应检查以下各点：绕组槽楔有无松动、位移。在径向通风沟内部的线圈绝缘，有无显著胀出情况，通风沟内有无油灰堵塞。检查铁心是否松弛，铁心绝缘有否损坏。用干净的压缩空气吹扫定子铁心及线圈积灰后，根据情况决定是否在线圈端部喷以绝缘漆。在定子腔内不得遗忘工具及其它物品。冷却器的检修：检查风室内是否干净，门窗是否严密；清除水管内沉淀物，可用稀盐酸清洗管中石灰性积秽，事后必须用热水和清水洗去余酸；检查水封有否渗漏，少数水管渗漏且不可能更换时，可将坏管二端用木塞或橡皮封住继续使用，但此时有效冷却面积减少，应加强对进风温度的观察。共31页Total31Pages第14页Page14F0183312-SM(e)SummaryTypeofQF-18-2steamturbinegeneratorisdesignedandmanufacturedbyCCJEC,whichisa3phases,AC.Generator,anddrivenbyasteamturbine.QF-18-2JI Pole：2_ Ratedpower:18MWThegeneratorisof3000r/minratedspeed,50Hzfrequency,directlycoupleswithanddrivenbysteam-turbine,excitationofgeneratoradoptscoaxialAC.Exciter.Thegeneratorisdesignedwithaclosedcirculationventilatingsystem，andcooledbyair.Rotatingdirectionisclockwisewhilethegeneratorbeseenfromsteam-turbine.TechnicalDataTechniquedataofgeneratorTable1TypeRatedpowerRatedvoltagePowerfactorEfficiency(Guaranteevalue)QF-18-218MW6300V0.8>97%Detailedtechnicaldataisinrelateddrawingsanddocuments.Normaloperatingconditionsofgeneratorareasfollows:Nottoexceed1000maltitude.Temperatureofcoolairisnotexceeding+40℃.Fixedinthegeneratorworkshop.TemperatureriseandlimitvalueofgeneratorWhilethegeneratorisrunningattheconditionof2.2operatingconditionanddataoftable1，thetemperaturelimitvalueisaccordwithtable2共31页Total31Pages第15页Page15F0183312-SM(e)Table2partsMeasuringmethodPermissibletemperature-rise(K),40℃coolingmediumStatorwindingEmbeddedresistancethermometer80KRotorwindingResistance90KStatorcoreEmbeddedresistancethermometer80KCollectorringThermometer80KOtherpartswhichisnotcontactwithcoreTemperatureriseofthesepartsshallbelessthanpermissiblevaluewhichdamagestheinsulation.2.3.2Oiloutlettemperatureofbearingisnottoexceed65℃,temperaturebearingbushisnottoexceed80℃。StructureThestructureofthegeneratorisshowninthedrawinggivenalongwiththegenerator.StatorThestatorframeisweldedsteelplateanddesignedsoshortframeastobeputwindingsinandrepaired.Theliftingringsareweldedonbothsidesoftheframe.Thestatorcoreisalaminatedcoreandmadeupofhighqualitysiliconsteelsheetssupportedbyslottedsteelsformingradialventilatingslots.Thestatorslotshapeisopenandrectangle.Statorwindingisofhalf-groupofwhichendwindingstructureisbasket-shaped.Statorwindingadopts360transpositionatthestraightlineportion,whichiswrappedwithglassfibremicapapertape,andhotpressing.Endwindingsupportedbytriangleinsulationbracket,andtiedupwithbracketandmoldedno-wovenfibrebindingringstogether.Thestatorwindinghave6terminalsattheendoppositetosteam-turbine.RotorTherotorisforgedofhighqualityalloysteel,hasradialfed-in-wireslotsandhasmoon-shapedslotsattheendsofsmallteethforventilatingandcooling.Rotorwindingiswoundwithflatcopperwire.Havingbeenwedgedinbyepoxyresin共31页Total31Pages第16页Page16F0183312-SM(e)glassfibrewedges,endinsulationoftherotorwindingisbakedandpressedtobeanintegral.Rotorwedgesarehardaluminumatthemiddlesection,aluminimumbronzeatthebothends.Ventilatingwedgesaresteelwherethereareholesforventilating.Rotorretainingringismadeofnone-magneticforgedsteel,thereareaxial-flowfansonbothendsoftherotor.Endshield&BaseplateTheendcoversincludeinsideandoutsidecoversmadeupofcastirononwhichthereareinspectionwindowsandextinguishingtubesandhermeticdevice.Thebottomcoversareweldedbysteelplates.Thereareextinguishingtubesalso,andlead-outwireplateatnon-steamturbinesidewhere6terminalsarefixed.Thebearingispressureoilcirculationjournalbearingwithbusheswhichcanadjustcenterautomatically.Bearingpedestalismadeupofcastiron,andequippedwithoilcatchdeviceonbothends.Insulationismadebetweenbearingpedestalbyexciterendandbaseplateandbetweenoilpipes.Thebaseplateisflattypewhichisassembledduringtheerection.Resistancetemperaturemeasuringelementshallbeembeddedinthestator.Therearebimetallicthermometersonthesideofendcoversandframeformeasuringtemperatureofoutletandinletair.Thereareresistancethermometerdetectingelementsatwindoutletofframe.Therearealsobimetallicthermometersatoiloutletofbearingpedestal.Thetypesofthermometersarechosenbycustomers.Thereareearthingbrushonbearingcovernearbysteam-turbineend.Thegeneratoradoptsone-inletandtwo-outletclosedself-circulationventilationsystem.Thereareaxialflowfansonbothendsofrotor，andhotairiscooledbyaircooler.InstallationNotesonstorageandtransportationBeforeinstallation,thegeneratorshallbestoredinacleananddryroomwhereroomtemperatureisnormallynolessthan+5℃.Duringthestorageperiod,aninspectionshallbedoneatleaseeverythreemonths.Protectivecoatingshouldnotbetakenoff.Thejournal,coreandslideringshouldnotgetrusty,andtheinsulationresistanceofwindingsshallbemeasured.Afterabovecheckinghave共31页Total31Pages第17页Page17F0183312-SM(e)beencompleted,repackagingmustbedonewellagain.Paymoreattentiontothesurfacesofthejournal,shafthead,couplerandslidering.Theyshallbepaintedwithantirustpaintandwrappedwithmoisture-proofpaper.Whileplacingrotor,thebigteethshallbestressedinsteadofretainingring.Whileliftingandhandlingtherotor,thewireropeshallbeputonthespecifiedposition.InstallationTheinstallationofthegeneratorshallbecarriedoutaccordingtotheinstallationdrawingregulationsofPowerDepartmentandexperienceoftheInstallationCorp.andthepracticalconditions,besides,paymoreattentiontothefollowing:Sizeandqualityofthegenerator,sfoundationbolthole,windchannelandtheholeleadingtothegenerator,ssmallroom.Thefoundationboltholeshallbeverticalandconformstothedimensions.Payattentiontotheelevationofconcretesurfacesindifferentparts.Layoutofpadsunderthebaseplate.Accordingtotheverticalandhorizontalcenterlineandelevationdimensionedinfoundationdrawing,thebaseplateshallbepreliminaryinstalled,andpadplateshallbeputunderthebaseplate.Arrangementofthewedgesissymmetricalabouthorizontalandverticallinesofthegenerator.Thewedgesareplacedonthepositionconcentratedloadanditsspaceis250mm.Thespaceinotherpositionmaybe400~700mm.Unitloadofpressedconcretesurfaceunderthewedgesisnotmorethan2.5〜4Mpa(Thatis25-40kgf/cm2).Thewedgesshallbeplacedunderribplatesofbaseplateaspossible.Thenumberofthewedgesshallbefewaspossible,3-5generally.Thinwedgesshallbeplacedonthickwedges.Theconcretesurfaceunderthepadsshallbeflat,andthecontactbetweenpadplatesandsurfaceofconcrete，padplatesandbaseplates，padplatesandpadplatesshallbeexcellent.Inordertopreventthepadfrommovingwhilegroutingtheconcrete，thepadplatewillbespotweldedoninclinedpad.InstallationofgeneratorstatorWhileliftingthegeneratorstator,payattentionnottodamagethewindingoverhang.共31页Total31Pages第18页 Page18F0183312-SM(e)Meanwhile,preventthestatorfromrotatingaroundliftingring.Whileinstalling,itshallbetakenintoaccountthattheaxialdisplacementofturbo-generatorstatorandrotor,scentercausedbytherelativestrengthofthesteamturbine,sstatorandrotor.Deviationvalueofrotor2centerlinetostatorcenterline(tonon-steamturbineside)is△(A=A1+2,A1isswellincrementofturbinetogenerator,△2isswellincrementofrotorintwobearing),soastooperatinginnormalload..InstallationofbearingpedestalBearinganditspedestalshallbecleanedandcheckedcarefullybeforeinstalling..1Oilroomofbearingpedestalandoilwayshallbeclean,nocastingsandsandnodirt.Therearenodefectssuchasnick,crack,blowhole,impurityandexuviateonBabbittalloysofbearing.Makesuregoodcontactbetweenbearingbushandinnersphericalsurfacesofbearingpedestal.Positionofoilinletandoutletholesofbearingisconsistentwiththatofpedestal,whichshallbecheckedcarefully.Pedestalshallbeinstalledandadjustedaccordingtothecenterlineoftheturbo-generator.Driedinsulationpadsandadjustingpadareplacedunderthepedestal.Whileinstallingthebearingpedestal，formalpadsandinsulationtaperpinsshallbereplacedrespectivelywithtemporarilyotherpadsandsteelpinstoavoidbeingdamaged.Moverearbearingfromit,scenterlinetonon-steamturbinesidefordistance△,soastocounteracteffectcausedbyoffset(heatexpansionofsteamturbinerotor)atthesamedirection.(△=△1+△2,△1isswellincrementofturbinetogenerator,△2isswellincrementofrotorintwobearings).Contactbetweenpadsontwosidesofthelowerbearingandbearingpedestalshallbeexcellent.Clearancebetweenshaftandbearingisadjustedaccordingtofollowing:Contactsurfacerangebetweenshaftandbearingis60°〜90°centralandcontactdistributingshallbeuniform..Therangeofclearancebetweenshaftandbearingisbetween1.5/1000and2/1000ofshaftdiameter.Therangeofsingleclearanceattwosidesisbetween0.75/1000and1/1000.共31页Total31Pages第19页Page19F0183312-SM(e)Thereare0.03mmshrinkrangeorclearancebetweenbearingcoverandbearingbush.Clearancebetweenshaftandoilcatchplateare0.25-0.30mmofupperpart,0.15-0.25mmofbothsidesand0.10-0.15mmoflowerpart.InstallationofrotorTheinstallationofrotorshallbeverycareful,becausetherotorisveryheavyandthereisonlyasmallgapbetweentherotorandstator,followingitemsshallbepaidattentiontowhileinstalling:Steelwireropeshouldnotcontactthejournal,fan,collectingringandterminalsofwire.Beingliftedandinstalled,theretainingringshouldnotbeservedasbracingpoint.Whileliftingtherotor,thewireropeshouldnotcontactendpartofstatorwinding.Putwoodenplatetothepointwherethewireropetieduptherotor.Donotputtherotordirectlyonthestatorcoreandawoodpadshallbeputbetweenthem.Wheninsertingtherotor,usethedrawingandinsertingrotortools,methodisshowninFig.1Fig.1Methodofinsertingrotor共31页Total31Pages第20页Page20F0183312-SM(e)Payattentiontothefollowingbesidesinstallationdrawing:Inordertodripthewaterwhichremainsinthecoolerwhencheckingandrepairingit,makealittletiltedwheninstalling.Thereshallbethermalinsulatinglayerbetweencoolandheatwindchannelstoavoidthermalconduction.Thereshallbesealinguparoundcoolingsystem,andpaintinginsidethewindchanneltokeepthecoolingairdryandclean.Allthewindchannelsshallbesmoothandcleantoreducetheairfrictionandventilationloss.OperationInstructionDryingofthegenerator:Duringthetransportationandstorage,ironcoreandwindingsmaybeabsorbmoisturewhichkeepsinside.Althoughinsulatingresistanceishighatcoolstate,itwillgetlowerbecauseoftheevaporationofthesteamwhenthegeneratoroperates,andthewindingsmaybebreakdown.Sotheturbo-generatorshallbedriedbeforerunning.Thefollowingmethodsofdryingcanbeselectedaccordingtotheconditiononsite.Short-circuitdryingmethod:Connectingthreephasesdirectly,whichmustbeaheadtheoil-switch.Ifitcannotbeconnectedaheadtheoil-switch,youmustcutoffthetripwindingcircuittoavoidbreakingdownthewindingbecauseofhighvoltageproducedbycuttingofftheshort-circuit.Besurethattheshort-circuitissafeandthecurrentofeachphasemustbesame,otherwisetheunbalancedcurrentwillcausetherotorsurfaceoverheat.Sothethreephasesshallbeequippedwithamperemeterformonitoring.Theshort-circuitcurrentmustgoupstepbystep,ifthespeedofgeneratoriscloseto2000~3000r/min,letthegeneratorrun5-10h(thatiswinddryingmethod),thenregulatethestatorcurrentslowlyfrom50~60%ofratedcurrenttolessthan80%ofratedcurrent.Whenusingthismethod,payattentiontotheoverheatofthecore,stwoendsandcomponents.Loadofsteamturbineissmallwhenusingshort-circuitdryingmethod,payattentionthatifthebacksteamcylinderofsteamturbineisoverheat.共31页Total31Pages第21页Page21F0183312-SM(e)IronlossdryingmethodofstatorWindingthestatorwithsometurnsofwirewithsingle-phasecurrenttomakethestatorcoreheatanddry.Payattentiontothefollowing:Thewirecanbewrappedonthestatorwithoutdrawingouttherotor,butthebearingmustbeinsulatedwellandtheinsulatingpropertymustbemonitoredduringdrying.Don,tcutpoweroffwhenmeasuringtheinsulationresistancestatorandrotorwinding.Determinationofcableturnnumber45Uq~bW--turn-numberU--supplyvoltage(V)B--magneticfluxdensity,generally0.6-0.8T(6000-8000Gs)Qa1—Activeareaofcore,detailsin“TESTSPECIFICATION”.XV-500Vcablemaybeselectedofwhichcurrent-carryingis60-70%ofrating.Don,tusearmorcableorleadcoveredcable.Checkwhetherthereismetalattheinsideofthecorewhenusingtheironlossdryingmethodinordertoavoidshortcircuitanddamagingthecore.VentilationlossdryingmethodThestatorthreephasesshallbeconnectedtoformashort-circuit,andtherotoropencircuit.Stopthewatersupplytotheaircoolerifthegeneratoriscooledbyclosedcirculationventilation.Shutupalltheairchannelsifthegeneratoriscooledbyopenventilation.Thegeneratorcouldbedriedbywindlosswhenrunningattheratedspeed.Duringtheperiod，theinspectionwindowonthegeneratorshallbeopenfor5-10minregularlytoletthemoistureout.Payattentiontothefollowingwhenusingabovemethod:Whilethegeneratorisheated,thetemperatureshouldincreasegradually,about5-8℃perhour.Thetemperatureofthehottestspotofthecoreandwindingisasfollows:Thermometermethod: 70℃共31页Total31Pages第22页Page22

F0183312-SM(e)90℃65℃90℃65℃Resistancemethod:Temperatureofoutletair:Onlywhentheabsorptionandinsulationresistanceconformtothefollowingstandardandkeepformorethan5h,thegeneratorisdriedwell.Whenthestatorwindingrununderworkingtemperatureafterdrying,theinsulationresistancetothegroundandphasesshouldnotbebelowthefollowingdata:U

(1000+U

(1000+S//100)&R60,,/R15.>.1.3R--Insulationresistance(MQ)U--Ratedvoltageofstatorwinding(V)SN--Ratedcapacity(kVA)R60"--Insulationresistancewhileheating60sR15"--Insulationresistancewhileheating15sWhentherotorwindingshavebeendriedandtheinsulationresistancehaveincreasedtoavaluewhichdoesnotchangeformorethan3h,thedryingofrotorwindingisqualified(20℃).Measureingwitha500Vmegameter(excitationvoltageis<500V)or1000Vmegameter(excitationvoltageis>500V),measuredvalueshall>1MQ.Whentherotorisdriedinsidethestator,therotorisstatic.Therotorshallberotated180°each2hafterthetemperaturereaches70℃.PreparationbeforestartingAllthegeneratorpartsshallbecheckedcarefullybeforestartingtoensurethattheconditionsofoperationarecompleteandpayattentiontothefollowings:Alloftheboltsshallbetightafterinstallation.Lubricatingsystemofbearingisingoodcondition.Coolingsystemofgeneratorisingoodcondition.Temperaturemeasuringdevicehasbeenconnectedandcheckedout,andthethermometersofallpartshavebeeninstalled.Checktestandadjustmentofthefieldcircuithavebeenfinished.Connectionoffieldcircuitisright.Checktestandadjustmentofthecontroldeviceofexcitationhavebeenfinished.共31页Total31Pages第23页Page23F0183312-SM(e)Checktestandadjustmentofconnectionoftheprotective,measure,operationsignalandsynchronismcircuithavebeenfinished,adjustmentvalueoftheprotectivedeviceshallbeselectedrightandthetestoftheoilswitchcontrolledbyrelaycontactandautomaticdemagnetizingswitchhavebemade.Thesafetyandfirecontrol,communicationequipmentandaccidentlightingequipmentofthegeneratorsetshouldconformtooperationrequirements(includingfireextinguishingequipment).Thephasesequenceofthestatorlead-outwiremustmatchwiththepowergrid.Thestatorframeofthegeneratorshallbereliablegrounded.Rotatingtherotorwithbarringgeartoensurethattherotatingpartsisingoodcondition.Starting,parallelin,addingloadandstopping.Startthegeneratorwithoutloadandexcitingaccordingtotherequirementsofsteamturbine.Payattentiontothefollowings:Examinewhetheroiltemperatureofbearingandvibrationofbearingarenormal.Checkingthebrushofpoorcontactandjumpingsituationcausedbyvibration.Thereisnorubonthecontactingsurfacebetweenrotarypartandstaticpartwhentherotorbouncesinaxialdirection.Checktheinsulationofthebearing.Theparallelinofthegeneratormustconformtothefollowingconditions.Thegeneratorfrequencyshallbesameassystemfrequency.Thevoltagephaseofgeneratorshallbesameasthatofsystem.Thegeneratorvoltageshallbesameassystemvoltage.Addingandadjustingtheloadofthegenerator.Theloadcanbetransmittedafterthegeneratorhasconnectedwiththesystem，payattentiontothefollowingitemswhileloadingup:Giveenoughtimetosteamturbinetofittheloadrising,soastoavoidgreatstressonblades.Ontheotherhand,whentheloadincreasesuddenly,simultaneousproducingphenomenonofwaterwilloccurintheboiler,whichwillresultbladesbreakdownandlowervacuumcausedbyoverwaterinthecondenser.Ifloadisraisedfast,itwillcausedifferentialexpansionofcoreandstatorwinding,共31页Total31Pages第24页Page24F0183312-SM(e)andinsulationreductionofcoil,thus,afterthegeneratorisconnectedwithelectricnetworkunderthegeneralconditions,thestatorcoilispermittedto30%ratedcurrent,thenincreaseditevenlytoratedcurrent.StoppingofthegeneratorTakeawaytheactiveandreactiveloadbeforestoppingthegenerator,turnontheswitchofgenerator,cutoutexcitingbyautodemagnetizingequipment,stopthesteamturbine，andatthesametime，stopaircoolerimmediately.Afterstoppingthegenerator,recordtheinsulationresistan