必修三Unit3语法宾语从句与表语从句23241

会计学1必修三Unit3语法宾语从句与表语从句23241RelatedConception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。1.Henryisabusinessman.主语表语2.Henry,abusinessman,receivedamillionpoundbanknote.主语同位语宾语第1页/共60页Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{主语表语

{主语从句表语从句什么是名词性从句?(NounClauses)第2页/共60页

{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.宾语同位语

{宾语从句同位语从句第3页/共60页在英语的句子结构中，本来该由_______充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，现在由____________来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)

表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)什么是名词性从句?(NounClauses)一个句子名词第4页/共60页名词性从句(1)宾语从句第5页/共60页一、宾语从句——共性问题1，2Theyknow

thatthehabitwillkillthem.Heasked

howmuchIpaidfortheviolin.I’lltellyouwhyIaskedyoutocome.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.Idon’tcarewhomarrieshim.观察：

1.宾语从句可充当谁的宾语？2.连接词的分类和作用？第6页/共60页宾语从句（TheObjectClause）宾语从句在复合句中起______作用，可以作

的宾语，也可以作

的宾语。宾语从句必须用_____语序。引导宾语从句的连词有that，if，whether；连接代词有who,whom,which,whose等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。宾语陈述动词介词第7页/共60页连接词第8页/共60页

一that宾语从句1.Oliverbelieves

(that)

amancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.2I’mafraid(that)Idon’tquitefollowyou,sir.3.Idon’tthink(that)it’sveryfunny.4.Myunclesaid（that）

hewouldcome andthathewouldalsobringhisson.5.Weallagree(that)itwouldbeconvenienttogotherebybus.1.归纳总结：that在引导宾语从句时无词义，也不 充当任何成分，且通常可以省略。但如果含有两个或两个以上的并列宾语 从句时，通常只有第一个从句的that 可以省略，其余从句的that一般不能省略。第9页/共60页

由连接代词who/whom,whose,what,which引导的宾语从句：①Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.②Heaskedwhosepurseitwas.③Doyouknowwho/whomHenryisspeakingto?Q:这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成分?主语定语宾语第10页/共60页

由连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句：①PleasetellmewhenJodyWilliamswontheNobelPeacePrize.②HewantedtoknowwhereIhadspentmyholiday.③WillyoutellmehowIcankeepfitandhealthy?④Doyouknowwhyhewaslate?

Q:这些连接代词在宾语从句中充当什么成分?状语归纳总结：连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。第11页/共60页

当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.e.g.:Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.

介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.

e.g.:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.

whethertodo

做动词宾语不能用iftodo.e.g.:

Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,但是以下情况不用if。宾语从句——(whether&if)意为“是否”第12页/共60页特殊：Theteacherhadmadeitclearthatwhoeverbreakstherulewouldbepunished.老师已经说得很清楚，任何违反规定的人都要被惩罚。find/feel/consider/make/think+it+adj.+that宾从形式宾语宾补真正宾语第13页/共60页时态第14页/共60页a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。

Hebelieves_______________________________.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。

Pleasetellme_____________________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomeday

1.如果主句时态是现在时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday一、宾语从句——(时态)第15页/共60页他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。

Hetoldme_________________________________.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。

Theteachertoldus_________________________.hewaspreparingfortheexaminationlighttravelsinastraightline2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。第16页/共60页宾语从句的语序第17页/共60页宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。

①Do

exercises.Ididn’tknow

.①你们当时在聊什么？②这本书是谁的？③她明天是否要来？④她住哪里？第18页/共60页Idon'tknowwhat'sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?②Exploration但是①从句为What’sthematter？What’swrong？What’shappening？②who,what作主语时，③从句是感叹句，从句的语序不变.第19页/共60页1.Theshockingnewsmademerealize _____terribleproblems

wewould face. (北京2011)A.whatB.howC.thatD.whyWhat+n.+主+谓n.a/an+adj.+nadj.+Uadj.+pl.（复数）第20页/共60页

否定的转移:动词think,consider,suppose猜想,believe,expect,

guess,imagine等词，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。第21页/共60页Idon’tsupposehecares,

?Hedoesn’tthinkwewillcome,

?doeshedoeshe此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关

第22页/共60页1.她坚持要把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。2他命令关闭所有的大门。3.我建议他应该更努力学习。

4.老师要求我们和睦相处。Sheinsistedthatshe(should)organizethetripproperly.Hecommandedthatallthegates(should)beshut.Isuggestedthathe(should)studyharder.Theteacherrequeststhat

.we(should)getalongwellwitheachother.第23页/共60页3.总结归纳：在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that宾语从句中谓语常用（should+）动词原形，表示虚拟。1.坚持：insist2.命令：order,command3.建议：suggest,propose,advise4.要求：desire,demand,require,request老师要求所有作业要在放学前交上去。Theteacherdesiredthatalltheexercisesshouldbehandedinbeforeschoolwasover.第24页/共60页SheaskedTom_____wasthematterwithhiscar.2.Willyoutellme_____Icankeephealthy?3.Thisdependson_________themoneywehaveisenough.4.Couldyoutellme________Marrylives?whatwherewhetherhow牛刀小试：第25页/共60页2.Wehaven’tdiscussedyet______we aregoingtoplaceournewfurniture. (2010课标全国卷)A.thatB.which C.whatD.where3.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof ______mykidswillneedforthecoming season. (山东2010)A.whyB.whatC.howD.which第26页/共60页4.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburst intotears.Nooneintheofficeknew ______shewassoangry.(湖南2010)A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why第27页/共60页5.Howmuchoneenjoyshimself travellingdependslargelyon ______hegoeswith,whetherhis friendsorrelatives.(四川2010)A.whatB.who C.how D.why第28页/共60页表语从句第29页/共60页思考：表语从句充当什么成分？放在什么词后面？引导词有哪些？基本上与宾语从句的引导词相同。连系动词seem,look之后还可用1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.2)That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.3)Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4)That’swhyIwaslate.4)ThetroubleisthatIlosthisaddress.二、表语从句asthough(asif)。第30页/共60页连接词when/where/why/how/becausethat/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)连接代词who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词第31页/共60页※由关系副词引导的表语从句。关系副词when,where,how,why除在句子起

作用外，在从句中还充当

，

，

或

状语，本身具有词义。连接时间地点方式原因例如：★Goandgetyourcoat.It's

youleftit.where去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。第32页/共60页Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。第33页/共60页---Yousee,I’mpoorinmaths,youarenotgoodatEnglish,and…---That’s

weshouldhelpeachother.A.whenB.whereC.howD.what第34页/共60页表语从句注意点

1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.语序:That’swhyIwaslate.2).引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.e.g.:ThetroubleisthatIhavelostheraddress.3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if引导.e.g.:Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.

第35页/共60页表语从句注意点4).当主语是reason时,表语从句用that,不用because.要用Thereason…isthat…Thereasonforsth…isthat…Thereason(why+句子)…isthat…

或This/it/that/isbecause…等句型.e.g.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.第36页/共60页例如:今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.1)Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.2)Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.3)Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.√√第37页/共60页虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中

——谓语建议：suggest,advice,propose,要求：demand,request,require,ask命令：order,command坚持：insiste.g.:Isuggestthatyou(should)bethereontime.

第38页/共60页虚拟语气在在表语从句中——主语

建议：suggestion/advice

要求：requirement/demand

命令：order,command…e.g.:Our

suggestion

isthatyou

(should)be

thereontime.第39页/共60页试区分以下句子Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited?Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited?Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited?(表从)(定从)(定从)第40页/共60页回顾与练习第41页/共60页

b.表语从句

d.介词后的宾语从句

e.whethertodo做动词宾语

f.与ornot连在一起引导宾语从句时一.if和whether的选用宾语与表语从句中不能使用if的情况:第42页/共60页

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

3.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

4.Thequestionis________heshoulddoit.

5.Ihaven’tdecided_______togothere.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherExercise1if/whether第43页/共60页Hesaidthetextwasveryimportantandweshouldlearnitbyheart.2.Myworryisthathecangetthereontime.3.Thereasonwhyhefailedwasbecausehehadn’tstudiedhard.4.Whatweneedaretime.5.Herearetwobooks.Youcantakewhateveryouwant.isthatwhetherthatwhicheverExercises改错第44页/共60页用宾语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子。

1.老师说月亮绕着地球转。

Theteachersaid(that)themoongoesaroundtheearth.2.他们都在担心是否能按时到达那里。

Theyareallworryingaboutwhether

theycangetthereontime.第45页/共60页3.我觉得他们按时完成自己的任务是很重要的。

Ithinkitisimportantforthemtofinishtheirowntaskontime.4.问题是这本书是否有读的价值。

Thequestioniswhether

thebookisworthreading.第46页/共60页5.我不知道汤姆今天早上为什么没来。

Idon’tknowwhy

Tomdidn’tcomethismorning.6.我的意见是你不应单独前往。

Myopinionisthatyoushouldnotgoalone.第47页/共60页7.那是因为他没有理解我。

That’sbecausehedidn’tunderstandme.=Thereasonisthathedidnotunderstandme.

8.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)

startearlytomorrowmorning.第48页/共60页1.Hetoldme__________hewouldgotocollegethenextyear.2.Idon’tknow__________therewillbeabus.3.Ireallydon’tknow___________youshoulddependonifyoudon’tdependonyourparents.用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表语从句意思完整。that/不填if/whetherwhom/who第49页/共60页4.Hedidn’ttellme_______hewouldcomebackfromShanghainexttime.5.Letmeknow_______trainyou’llbearrivingon.6.Canyouworkout______muchwewillspendduringthetrip?7.Makesure_____therearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.whenwhichhowthat第50页/共60页8.Wethinkitnecessary_____wetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.9.Tomisverylazy.Thatis____hedidn’tpasstheexam.10.Thisis___________wefoundthestrangetrees.11.Myideais_____weshouldalldoourbesttodoeverythingwell.thatwhywhere/howthat第51页/共60页12.Itlooked_____hehadunderstoodthisquestion.13.ThereasonwhyIwassadwas_____hedidn’tunderstandme.14.Hisfirstquestionwas_______Mr.Smithhadarrivedornot.15.Weallfinditimportant____we(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.

thatasifthatwhether第52页/共60页Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand____theyinsistongoingonmotor-bike.(04)Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.(04)whywhat关联词的选择第53页/共60页that4.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChr