八年级定语从句

会计学1八年级定语从句基础知识第1页/共66页定语从句：是指在复合句中，修饰或的从句.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“

”.引导定语从句的词叫“

”

基础知识名词代词先行词关系词第2页/共66页定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句基础知识第3页/共66页引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词基础知识第4页/共66页eg.Theboy

whoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplace

whereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词第5页/共66页先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.themachine=thattheboy

=whotheboy’s

=whoseintheschool

=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词第6页/共66页Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质themachineamachinethat/which第7页/共66页TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.

herThelady

wesawyesterdayisGreenWho/that关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词第8页/共66页

二.关系词的分类关系代词

2.

关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why二.关系词的分类第9页/共66页三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语第10页/共66页①who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Theman

(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Aperson

whostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。

Theman

(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whom第11页/共66页③

which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

Thesearethetrees

whichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder

（which）

heisusingismadeinJapan.which第12页/共66页Heistheman

(that)

Itoldyouabout.④that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Aplaneisamachine

thatcanfly.that第13页/共66页⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。Weliveinahouse

whosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirl

whoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whose第14页/共66页2.关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersons

thattheyaretalkingabout?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：Thisisall

thatIwantfromtheschool.第15页/共66页④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：Thefirstlesson

thatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.第16页/共66页(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：All

whoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Those

whowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.He

whodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.第17页/共66页(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点①whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。②whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：Theboss

inwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点第18页/共66页④whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovel

whosetitle

(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)

isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.③whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。第19页/共66页⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboy

whosemother

(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)

isadoctorismyfriend.第20页/共66页(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Those

who

areagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudents

who

werepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudents

who

waspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致第21页/共66页Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamous

whomintheworld.that

﹨(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedress

whichsheiswearingisnew.

that

﹨(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.

Wemetheryesterday.巩固练习：1.用定语从句合并句子巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子第22页/共66页(3)Heisakindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.Heisakindperson

whoIhaveeverworkedwith.

whomthat

﹨Thisisthebestfilm

thatIhaveeverseen.

﹨第23页/共66页(which/that)who/thatwhosewhich/thatwho,that,whom,which,whoseIhaveafriend___________likeslisteningtotheclassicalmusic.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_____________Igaveher.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.Kateisreadingabook____________istoodifficultforher.第24页/共66页1.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglish

verywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.who/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(that/which)巩固练习：

用适当的关系词填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空第25页/共66页Thefamily_____________I’mstayingwithlivesintown.Iknowthestudent______articlewaspublished.Betty,_____hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.Myparentsliveinahouse____________ismorethan100yearsold.Theboywith_____Johnspokeismybrother.Luckilynoneofthepeople______Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.(which/that)whosewho?thatwhich/thatwhomwhom?省略第26页/共66页根据从句中的动词搭配Thisisthebook___whichyouasked.注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前我照顾的那个老人好多了。Theoldmanafter

whomIamlookingisbetter.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.介词+whom/which如何判断介词for第27页/共66页根据从句中的形容词搭配Hetoldmesomereferencebooks____whichIamnotveryfamiliar.Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontof

whichthereisateacher’sdesk.如何判断介词with根据先行词与介词搭配第28页/共66页介词+关系代词=关系副词Mygrandpawasbornin1939________theWorldWarⅡbrokeout.KunMingisabeautifulplace_______flowersareseenalltheyearround.如何判断介词inwhichwheninwhichwhere第29页/共66页Thesong,________weareinterestedwillbebroadcasttonight.Heisthehero________weareproud.Thisisthecollege________we’llvisitafamousactor.Theearth________weliveisabigroundball.inwhichofwhominwhichonwhichExercise第30页/共66页Doyoulikethebook________shespent$10?Doyoulikethebook________shepaid$10?Doyouliketheteacher__________shelearnedalot?Doyouliketheteacher___________wearetalkinghasgoneabroad?Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhomaboutwhomofwhich介词+关系代词的使用第31页/共66页

先行词是theway，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/inwhich或省略。

Ididn'tliketheway_______________shetalkedtome.

Theway_________________heteachesEnglishisinteresting.（that/inwhich）（that/inwhich）5.先行词为theway，关系词的使用第32页/共66页关系代词as引导1.先行词与such,thesame连用或先行词本身就是thesame,such时，要用as。Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.WouldyouliketobuythesamepenasIhave?2.代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用as。Asiswellknown,theearthgoesaroundthesun.第33页/共66页Theearthisround,___weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthisround.___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.asAsIt定语从句在句首时只能用as，as具有正如之意，动词一般较固定as的使用/which第34页/共66页Beingavolunteerissuchaprivilege____weallwanttohave.Beingavolunteerissuchaprivilege____weallwanttohaveit.asthatas的使用第35页/共66页五.关系副词when,where和why的用法五.关系副词的基本用法关系副词指代的先行词充当从句的成分when表时间的名词/名词词组时间状语where表地点的名词/名词词组地点状语why表原因的名词原因状语第36页/共66页用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Istillremembertheday

when(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyear

when(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.1.when1.when第37页/共66页用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thisisthefarm

where(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Theschool

where(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.2.where2.where第38页/共66页用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：Thereareseveralreasons

why(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereason

why(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.3.why3.why第39页/共66页4.关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime

(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.(2)当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：Canyouthinkofasituation

wherethisphrasecanbeused?4.关系副词的用法注意点第40页/共66页巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空

1)October1,1949wastheday______(________)Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace______(__________)Ilive.

3)Isthisthereason____(________)hedidn’twanttoseeme?

whenonwhichwhereinwhichwhyforwhich巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空第41页/共66页

4)Isthistheroom______(________)wewerelivinglastwinter?5)Thedaysaregone_____(____________)weused“foreignoil”.6)

Yesterday,wehadameeting______(________)wediscussedmanyproblems.

whereinwhichwhenduringwhichatwhichwhere第42页/共66页对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1.Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.

Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.where/inwhich(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空第43页/共66页2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______________

Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.when/onwhich(that/which)第44页/共66页

Thereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.(that/which)why/forwhich3.Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.第45页/共66页I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.I’llneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogether.Iwenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.Iwenttotheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.Thisisthereason__________hegave.when/inwhich(that/which)where/inwhich(which/that)why/forwhichthat/which及物动词及物动词及物动词第46页/共66页六.非限制性定语从句1.非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用that引导Mywatch,whichisveryold,stoppedagain.六.1.非限制性定语从句的定义第47页/共66页2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.Thisisagoodbook,whichiseasytounderstand.2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别第48页/共66页(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。第49页/共66页(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。Hehastwodaughters,theelderofwhomismarried.Heisill,inspiteofwhichhekeepsonstudying.第50页/共66页3.关系代词as,which引导非限制定语从句时的区别(1)as和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：3.as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearth.第51页/共66页(2)as多用于下列习惯用语中asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样asiswellknown=asisknowntoall众所周知aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的第52页/共66页4.“介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：(1)名词+介词+关系代词：Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichfacessouth.4.“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构(2)代词+介词+关系代词：Therearefourstudentsintheclassroom,allofwhomareworkinghard.第53页/共66页(3)数词+介词+关系代词：LastSundayIboughtabookfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.(4)形容词比较级/最高级+介词+关系代词：Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.第54页/共66页巩固练习第55页/共66页1.①Istillrememberthedays_____Iworkedwiththefarmers.②Istillrememberthedays_____Ispentwiththefarmers.A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.what2.①Wewereontheway_____itbegantorain.②Idon’tliketheway_____youspeaktoyourparents.A.whenB.thatC.howD.which

CAABinwhich/○第56页/共66页3.①Theteacherdidn’tknowthereason____shewasabsentyesterday.②Theteachercouldn’tacceptthereason____sheexplainedyesterday.A.howB.whyC.thatD.who4.①Isthisschool_____youevervisited?②Isthistheschool_____youeverstudied?③Isthistheschoolin_____youeverstudied?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theoneBCDAB第57页/共66页5.①Thisis____hesaidatthemeetingyesterday.②Thisisall___hesaidatthemeetingyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how6.①____isreportedinthenewspapers,theyhavebeatenalltheotherteams.②____isreportedinthenewspaperthattheyhavebeatenalltheotherteams.③___isreportedinthenewspaperisthattheyhavebeatenalltheotherteams.A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.WhatCABAD第58页/共66页7.①Itwassuchaneasyquestion____theycouldanswer.②Itwassuchaneasyquestion____theycouldanswerit.A.thatB.asC.whichD.what8.①Thatisthehouse,_____windowshasn’tbeencleanedformonths.②Thatisthehouse,_____thewindowshasn’tbeencleanedformonths.③Thatisthehouse,but_____windowshasn’tbeencleanedformonths.A.it’sB.itsC.whoseD.ofwhichBACDB第59页/共66页9.①Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforhours,____wastrue.②Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforhours,but_____isnottrue.A.heB.itC.whichD.who

10.①Afewpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfire,____died.②Afewpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfire,____dead.A.twoofwho B.twoofwhomC.twoofthem