Unit李观仪新编英语教程第三第五册

会计学1Unit李观仪新编英语教程第三第五册TeachingobjectivesUnderstandingthevariousaspectsrelatedtotheusageofwords.CultivatingasenseofappropriatenessinstyleLearningtouseanalogyasanexpositorymeans.第1页/共87页I.Preparation1)Topic“HittheNailontheHead”Denotation:originalmeaning—force(thenail)intotherightplace;makesomethingunmistakablyclear.

Connotation:impliedmeaning—exactlyrightinwordsoraction.第2页/共87页

Advicebytheauthor:Englishlearnersshouldtrytogetthewords,phrasesandsentencescompletelyrightfortheirpurposesinwriting.第3页/共87页

Denotativemeaning(外延/指示意义)referstotheessentialandinextricablepartofwhatlanguageis,isregardedasthecentralfactorinverbalcommunication.

第4页/共87页Denotativemeaning[+HUMAN+ADULT+MALE][+HUMAN+ADULT–MALE][+HUMAN–ADULT+FEMAL]Boy[+HUMAN–ADULT+MALE]Bull[–HUMAN+ADULT+MALE]manwomengirlGL第5页/共87页Connotativemeaning(内涵/隐含意义)referstotheimpliedorcommunicativemeaning,overorabovetheword’sdenotativemeaning.第6页/共87页knutritious,healthy…pigdirty,simple…swallowalert,auspicious…Connotativemeaning第7页/共87页ConnotativemeaningGrinBeamSmileSmirkthemostcommonword?thedifferenceonmeaning?therelationshipamongthem?第8页/共87页Hyponymy(上下义关系)superordinate（上义词）hyponyms（下义词）co-hyponym（共下义词）第9页/共87页I.Preparation2)Author3)Source

AlanWarner(1912-),EnglishteacheratMakerereCollege(麦大),Kampala(坎帕拉),Uganda.SelectedfromAShortGuidetoEnglishStyle(Warner,1960),whichtellshowtowritecleanEnglish

howtoseeEnglishstyletodayhowtodevelopEnglishstyle第10页/共87页TheRivals

byRichardBrinsleySheridanOneheroineinthedramaiscalledMrs.Malapropwholikestoshowherselftalentedinuseofwords,though

havinglittlelearning.Whilethingsgocontrarytoherwishes,herwordsareunbearablyfunnyandlaugh-evoking.第11页/共87页Ontheeducationofchildren:

“Asshegrewup,Iwouldhaveherinstructedingeometry,thatshemightknowsomethingofthecontagiouscountries”,shesaid.

Mrs.Malapropmisusedgeographyasgeometry,thenfurthermisusedcontiguousascontagious.第12页/共87页ThepoormatchingderivesthetermMalapropismresultingfromusingHomophony.第13页/共87页HomophonyOnesemanticrelationshipbetweenwordswhichsoundsalikebutarewrittendifferentlyandoftenhavedifferentmeanings.e.g.knowthrewbaremeetflowersewdearright第14页/共87页Malapropism

Ludicrousmisuseofwords,esp.foroneresemblingit.(用词错误、用语错误、飞白，尤指误用发音相似而意义全非的词)

e.g.Yougetupatthecrankofdawnanddon'ttalktome,justsittingtherebeingunspeakable.crank/crackatthecrackofdawn

第15页/共87页Youcan'ttellabookbyitslover.lover/coverMargeandIareinsufferablefriends.insufferable/inseparatable

第16页/共87页MalapropismDoyouwantmetostrangleacoupleofeggsforyou?

strangle/scrambleIateinarestauranttoday,andthefoodwasabdominal.

abdominal/abnormal第17页/共87页Atschool,Itookacourseindomesticsilence.

silence/scienceHomewasn'tbuiltinaday.

Home/Rome第18页/共87页Chinesestylevs.EnglishstyleGoodwrittenChineseemployswell-knownsetphrasesandsayingstoconnectthepieceofwritingwiththeChineseliterarytradition.“以神传意”GoodwrittenEnglishavoidstheseandcallsthemclichés.Ituseswell-knownphrasesinapieceofwrittenEnglishsoastobeinorderandlogic.

“以形达意”GoodwrittenChineseusesmoreemptywordsandrepeatswordsthathavethesamemeaningorpurposetogivebalanceandelegancetoitssentences.Forexample,Chineseusesthingslike也…也…,但是…却…,因为…所以….ButIfyoudoasimilarthinginEnglish,youaddflabandreduceclarity.

vividandrefinedformalistandinelegant第19页/共87页ChinglishWetwowhoandwho？咱俩谁跟谁阿

Howareyou?howoldareyou?

怎么是你，怎么老是你？

Youdon’tbirdme,Idon’tbirdyou.

你不鸟我，我也不鸟你

Ifyouwantmoney,Ihaveno;

ifyouwantlife,Ihaveone!

要钱没有，要命一条

YouGiveMeStop!!!

你给我站住！knowisknow;noknowisnoknow.

知之为知之，不知为不知.

WATCHSISTER

表妹

youmeyoume.

彼此彼此

第20页/共87页

Warm-upquestionsDoesthetitlestrikeyouasabitunusual?HaveyoueverheardoftheEnglishproverb“Hitthenailonthehead”?Whatdoesitmean?Whosejobinvolveshittingnails?Isthetextconcernedaboutthecarpenter?Then,what’sthemajorconcernoftheauthor?Whatsimilaritiesdoestheauthorrecognizeinthejobofacarpenterandtheworkofawriter?

第21页/共87页2.HaveyoueverheardoftheEnglishproverb“Hitthenailonthehead”?Whatdoesitmean?SuggestedAnswer(SA):Itmeansexactlyrightinwordsoraction.(TheauthoradvisesthattheEnglishstudentsshouldtrytogetthewords,phrasesandsentencescompletelyrightfortheirpurposesintheirwriting.)3.Whosejobinvolveshittingnails?Isthetextconcernedaboutthecarpenter?Then,what’sthemajorconcernoftheauthor?

（stylisticmatter,howtochoosetherightwordfromtheextensivevocabularyoftheEnglishlanguage

）第22页/共87页4.Whatsimilaritiesdoestheauthorrecognizeinthejobofacarpenterandtheworkofawriter?

（a.Theprocessthewriterchoosestherightwordissimilartothewayacarpenterhammersanail.b.Likethecarpenterwhoneedstodrivehomeeverynailifhewantshisworkproperlydone,awriterneedstoputeffortsinchoosingtherightwordifhewantstobeaccurateandconcise.）第23页/共87页AnalogyOnekindofcomparison,derivesfromtheGreekword“analogia”,whichmeans“proportion”,or“accordingtoratio”.Itcomparestwothings,whicharealikeinvariousrespects,forthepurposeofexplainingorclarifyingsomeunfamiliarorcomplexideaorobjectbyshowinghowtheideaorobjectistoafamiliarone.similar第24页/共87页ExercisesChessboard

RulesofthegameThepiecesAnew-bornbabyCarpenterthephenomenonofuniversetheworldThelawsofNatureLiteraturecreationThefirstballoonflight(inventedbyBenjaminFranklin)第25页/共87页AttentionYoushouldnottaketimetomentionthedifferencebetweenthetwosubjects,becausethatwillblurthefocusanddistractthereader.InsteadSimilaritiesonlyDevelopasmuchasmanyparallelsimilaritiesasyoucanDrawasimilarconclusionfromtheother第26页/共87页Notice:Analogyandsimileoftenoverlap,yetsimileismoreartistic,analogyisdoneinanextendedwaytoexplainathoughtprocessandalineofreasoning.第27页/共87页5.LearnmoreaboutEnglishproverbsandidioms:(veryimportantbecauseoftheirspecificculturalconnotations)hitthenailonthehead:exactlyrightinwordsoractions.

toplaybyear:toplayatunewhichonehasheard,remembered,orinventedbutnotseenwritteninnotes.见机行事

inhotwater:intotroublerelatedtoangerorpunishment.wateroffaduck’sback:havenoeffect.tokeepaneartotheground:listentowhatwillhappenattentively.注意舆论动向第28页/共87页tobarkupthewrongtree:attacktothewrongtarget.找错对象toflyoffhandle:loseone’stemper,flyintoarage.暴跳如雷

totwistsomeone’sarm:forcesomeonetodosomething.takingcandyfromababy:beinsatiablyavaricious贪得无厌

tolaughupone’ssleeve

：laughsecretlyaBlackSheep:enevilmemberoftheherdadarkhorse:unknowncompetitorwhomaywinawhitelie:harmlesslie第29页/共87页SectionI(paragraphs1-3)1.Ananalogybetweentheunskilleduseofthehammerandtheimproperchoiceofwords(Paragraph1)2.Thesignificanceoffindingtherightwords(Paragraphs23)OrganizationoftheText第30页/共87页Step1:theuseofanalogy

Howdoestheauthorintroducethesubject?Whatexpositorymeansisusedinthefirstparagraph?Canyouexplainthedifferencebetween“comparison”and“analogy”?第31页/共87页Step2：Toreadthepassageonpage7withthefollowingquestionsinmind:1.WHATisthepurposeofdrawingananalogy?2.WHENisitoftenused?3.HOWisitdifferentfrom“comparison”?第32页/共87页Step3：toidentifytheuseofcomparisonandtheuseofanalogyinpara.1

ComparisonAclumsymanaskillfulcarpenterAgoodwriteraskillfulcarpenterAnalogy

Awriterchoosingtherightword Acarpenterhammeringanail第33页/共87页Step4:Sumupthemainpoints:

Analogyisaspecialkindofcomparisonandamoreconcretewaytoexplainthings.Thepurposeofanalogyistoexplainsomethingabstractandremote.Withanalogy,ofthetwothingsbeingcompared,oneisusuallyafamiliarsubject,whichhelpstoexplaintheother,whichisusuallyadifficultandabstractsubject,somethinghardtodefine.第34页/共87页1.Semanticdifferencesbetweenwordshavingthesameroot(Paragraphs47)(1).Example1(humanvs.humane)(Paragraph4)(2).Example2(anxietyvs.eagerness)(Paragraph5)(3).Example3(singularityvs.singleness)(Paragraphs6–7)Section2(paragraphs4–10):

Thevariousaspectsinwordusage第35页/共87页2.Wrongchoiceofwordscausedbyfailuretorecognizetheirconnotations(Paragraph8)Examples:imprison,contain,sumup,epitomizeanddistill3.Stylisticdifferencesbetweensynonyms(Paragraph9)Examples:inmychildhoodvs.whenIwasachild;lovetowatchvs.lovewatching;dievs.expire;poorvs.inindigentcircum-stances4.TheabundanceofspecificwordsinEnglishforgeneralnotions(Paragraph10)第36页/共87页theimportanceofagoodcontrolandcommandoverknownwords(Agoodwriterisnotmeasuredbytheextentofhisvocabulary,butbyhisskillinfindingthewordthatwillhitthenailcleanlyonthehead.)Section3:Conclusion(Paragraph11):

第37页/共87页V.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1knockover:hit…tofall捶翻drivesomethinghome:force(thenail)intotherightplace;makesomethingunmistakablyclear把（钉子等）打入；使明确无误E.g.(1).Heslammedthedooranddrovethebolthome.他砰地关上门，把门闩插好。(2).driveone’spointhome讲清楚自己的观点(3).avoicethatdriveshomeeachword字字清晰的说话声第38页/共87页(4).Todrivehomehispolicy,thepresidentwrotehissecondletter.为了阐明他的政策，总统又写了第二封信。(5).YoumustdriveithometoJohnthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.你必须使约翰明白我们钱确实不够。

deft:effortlesslyskillful熟练的hititsquarelyonthehead:hittingitdirectlyonthehead.Alsohitthe(right)nailonthehead:(informal)beexactlyrightinwordsoraction正中要害；猜中；说得好，做得好第39页/共87页E.g.:(1).Yourcriticismreallyhitthenailonthehead.你的批评确是一针见血。

(2).Insosaying,youhittherightnailonthehead.你这样说确是击中要害。

squarely:meaning“directly”,maybeusedbothliterallyandfiguratively.E.g.:(1).Theboxerhithisopponentsquarelyonthejaw.(2).Wemustfacethedifficultysquarely.第40页/共87页awordthatismoreorlessright:awordthatisalmostright,butnotcompletelyright差不多恰当的词语cleanEnglish:Englishthatisexact(precise)andclearQuestion1:Whichphraseinthisparagraphmarksacontrastbetweenaclumsymanandaskillfulcarpenter?SA:

Ontheotherhand.第41页/共87页Question2:WhichsentenceinParagraph1establishesthelinkbetweenthedrivingofanailandthechoiceofaword?SA:

Sowithlanguage;thegoodcraftsmanwillchoosewordsthatdrivehomehispointfirmlyandexactly.第42页/共87页Paragraph2Question1:Whatdoestheword“this”inSentence1referto?SA:

Gettingthewordthatiscompletelyrightforthewriter’spurpose.scrupulouswriters:

writerswhoarethorough,exact,andwhopaycarefulattentiontodetails一丝不苟的作家第43页/共87页scrupulous:correcteveninthesmallestdetail;exact;painstaking;meticulous严格认真的,审慎的unscrupulous:

不择手段的,肆无忌惮的,theoppositeofscrupulous,seemstobemoreoftenusedtodescribepeoplewhodonotcareabouthonestyandfairnessingettingwhattheywant,orwhoarecompletelywithoutprinciples.Also

byhookor(by)crook:towinbyhookorcrook第44页/共87页Paragraph2Question2:Doyouagreewiththeauthorthatthereisagreatdealoftruthintheseeminglystupidquestion“HowcanIknowwhatIthinktillIseewhatIsay”?Whyorwhynot?第45页/共87页Paragraph2SA:

Yes,Ido.Itsoundsirrationalthatapersondoesnotknowwhathehimselfthinksbeforeheseeswhathesays,but,asamatteroffact,itisquitetruethatunlesswehavefoundtheexactwordstoverbalizeourownthoughtswecanneverbeverysureofwhatourthoughtsare,withoutwords,ourthoughtscannotbedefinedorstatedinaclearandprecisemanner.第46页/共87页Paragraph3thatconstituteshislimitation:thatmakesorformshisshortcomingorinabilityincertainrespectsconceptvs.conception:Aconceptisanideaofacategoryorkindthathasbeengeneralizedfromparticularinstances.Thus,theconceptof“cat”arisesformthemanycatswesee.Conceptalsoreferstoawidelyheldideaofwhatsomethingisorshouldbe:TheconceptofgovernmentofmanysmallnationshasbeeninfluencedbythelegislativeandjudicialinstitutionsofBritain.

第47页/共87页Themeaningofconceptionismuchlikethissecondsenseofconcept,butdiffersinthattheideaofwhatathingisorshouldbeishereheldbyanindividualorsmallgroupandisoftencoloredbyimaginationandfeeling:Achild’sconceptionoftheuniverseisformedbyhislimitedexperienceandhisownfancies.第48页/共87页yourconceptionofthemanisclearerandsharper:

yourideaofthemanisclearerandmoredistinctsharp:awordthathasavarietyofmeaningsE.g.:

asharp(thrill)voice刺耳的语声

sharp(harsh)wordsasharp(severe)pain第49页/共87页Paragraph3Question:Whatisthesignificanceoffindingtherightwords?SA:

Wordsaremanyandvarious;theyaresubtleanddelicateintheirdifferentshadesofmeaning.Theexactuseoflanguagegivesusmasteryoverthematerialwearedealingwith.第50页/共87页Paragraph4humanvs.humane:human:relatingtoorcharacteristicofhumankindorpeopleE.g.:humanaction:actiontakenbyman人的行为

Toerrishuman;toforgive,divine.犯错人皆难免；宽恕则属超凡。（犯错是人，宽恕是神）humankiller:apersonoramachinethatkillshumans杀人凶手；杀人机器第51页/共87页humane:havingorshowingcompassionorbenevolence;characterizedbykindness,mercy,sympathyE.g.:humaneaction:mercifulaction人道的行为humanekiller:thatwhichkillsbutcauseslittlepain;instrumentforpainlessslaughterofanimals牲口无痛屠宰机，牲口麻醉屠宰机Paragraph5farafield:farawayfromhome;tooratagreatdistance;veryfaraway向远处,远离第52页/共87页Paragraph6cowardice:lackofcourage怯懦,胆小rife:widespread,common（流行的，普遍的）.Rifeisanadjectiveusedwithsomethingnegative.E.g.:(1).Crimeandviolencewererife

inthiscitybeforeliberation.(2).Typhoidfever(Poultryflu)isrife.目前伤寒（禽流感）流行。

(3).Corruption(Unemployment)isstillrifeinthatcountry.那个国家依然贪污成风（失业遍地）。

(4).Thewholecityisrifewithrumors.满城谣言纷纷。第53页/共87页(5).Thisarticleisrifewitherror.这篇文章错误百出。

(6).Thecountrywasrifewithdiseaseandviolence.那个国家当时疾病和暴力横行。

(7).Diseasesusedtoberifeinthatcountry.singularityvs.singleness:singularity:strangeness,oddity,peculiarity奇特,特性,非凡E.g.:singularityofmind思想奇特；标新立异singleness:completedevotionto;holdingsteadfastlytoE.g.:singlenessofmind思想专一,专心致志第54页/共87页Paragraph7malapropism:

anoftenamusingmisuseofaword,suchthatthewordincorrectlyusedsoundssimilartotheintendedwordbutmeanssomethingquitedifferent词语误用（尤指误用发音相似而意义全非的词）holdto:

(causeto)followexactly,keepto(somethingsuchasapromise);adhereto坚持，遵守，忠于

E.g.:(1).Whateveryourargument,Ishallholdtomydecision.

第55页/共87页(2).Thepriestheldtohisbeliefsinspiteofcrueltreatment.(3).Heholdstoasimplelife.他坚持过着简朴的生活。(4).Heheldtohisowncounsel.他按照自己的意见行事。

(5).Iholdtomypromise.我格守诺言。

drawaside:(causeto)movetoonesideE.g.:(1).Drawingthecurtainaside,helookeddownintothestreet.

(2).Thecrowddrewasidetolettheprisonerpass.第56页/共87页Paragraph8Question:Explainwhytheword“imprison”intheexamplegiveninthisparagraph,thoughnotamalapropism,isstillnottherightwordforthewriter’spurpose.SA:

“Malapropism”meanstheunintentionalmisuseofawordbyconfusingitwithonethatresemblesit,suchashumanforhumane,singularityforsingleness.Butthemisuseof“imprison”isadifferentcase.Itiswronglychosenbecausetheuserhasfailedtorecognizeitsconnotation（内涵）.第57页/共87页imprison:putintoprisonorkeepinaplaceorstatewhichoneisnotfreetoleave监禁,关押;限制,束缚coercion:

pressure,compulsion;governmentbyforce强迫，压制；高压统治E.g.:thecoercionofpublicopinion舆论的压力coerce

v.t.:强制；胁迫；迫使E.g.:coercesomebodyintodoingsomething迫使某人做谋事coerceuniformity强求一致coercive

adj.=coercionaryadj.:servingorintendedtocoerce第58页/共87页E.g.:coercivemethods(measures)强制的方法（手段）coercibleadj.epitomize:

betypicalof;serveasthetypicalexampleof代表，象征，体现，写…的梗概，作…的纲要E.g.:(1).Hewasthemanwhoepitomizedblackresistancetothecolonialgovernment.他代表着黑人对殖民地政府的反抗。(2).Hispoliticalcreedwasepitomizedinthisreport.他的政治信念就概括在这篇报告中。第59页/共87页epitomen.:①athingorpersonthatshows,toaverygreatdegree,aqualityorsetofqualities(especiallyinthephrasetheepitomeof)典型，象征；缩影②ashortaccountofabookorspeech梗概；缩写，节录E.g.:(1).Sheistheepitomeofarrogance.她是傲慢的典型。(2).Mycatistheepitomeoflaziness(=Mycatisverylazy.).第60页/共87页hiton:

strikeon:findbyluckychanceorhaveagoodideaabout（偶然或忽然）发现；碰上；找到；想到E.g.(1).Ihitonthisinterestingbookinasmallbookstore.我在一家小书店里偶然发现了这本有趣的书。(2).Theplanwehituponwasnotlogical,perhaps,butitworked.我们想出来的那个计划也许不合逻辑，但它行之有效。(3).Howdidyouhitontherightanswersoquickly?(4).Atlastsomeonehitupontakingtheotherroadthroughthemountains.第61页/共87页distill:takeandseparatethemostimportantpartsof(abook,asubject,etc.)提炼E.g.:distilltheessenceof提取…的精华alive:sensitive;alert第62页/共87页Paragraph9disprovevs.disapprove:disprove:provetobecontrary;refute反驳，证明有误E.g.:(1).findachargehardtodisprove发现推翻某项罪名有困难(2).Hecouldnotdisprovethemajorcontentionofhisopponents.他驳不倒对方的主要论点。Comparedisapprove:haveabadopinionformoralreasons(of)不赞成；不同意；不准许；否决；不赞同；不喜欢(of)第63页/共87页E.g.(1).Shedisapprovedthearrangementsforthewedding.(2).Thecourtdisapprovedtheverdict.法院否定了陪审团的裁决。(3).Jim’sfatherdisapprovedofhismarriagetoMary.Jim的父亲不赞成他与Mary的婚事。(4).Hedisapprovedofher.他讨厌她。

expire:

die;passaway;cometoanend死亡；过期indigent:

poor;lackingmoneyandgoods;poverty-stricken;penniless贫困的，贫穷的第64页/共87页Paragraph10march:walkwithfirmregularstepslikeasoldier齐步前进,行军pace:walkwithslow,steadysteps,especiallybackwardsandforwards踱方步patrol:goatregulartimesround(anarea,building,etc.)toseethatthereisnotrouble,thatnooneistryingtogetinoroutillegally,etc.巡逻，巡查stalk:walkstiffly,proudly,orwithlongsteps高视阔步地走stride:walkwithlongstepsorcrosswithonelongstep大踏步地走，跨第65页/共87页tread:stepon踩,践踏tramp:walk(throughorover)withfirmheavysteps用沉重的脚步行走stepout:(AmE)gooutsideorgosomewhere(美口)暂时走开prance:movequickly,happilyorproudlywithaspringingordancingstep欢跃地走strut:walkproudlyorstiffly,especiallywiththechestpushedforwardandtryingtolookimportant趾高气扬地走，大摇大摆地走第66页/共87页prowl:(ofananimallookingforfood,orofathief)moveabout(anarea)quietly,tryingnottobeseenorheard潜行，暗中徘徊E.g.:beastsprowlingaftertheirprey四处觅食的野兽plod:(especiallyalong,on)walkslowly,especiallywithdifficultyandgreateffort;trudge

沉重缓慢地走，步履艰难E.g.:Theoldmanplodsalong,hardlyabletolifteachfoot.stroll:walkashortdistanceslowlyorlazily,especiallyforpleasure散步；闲逛；溜达shuffle:walkbydraggingone’sfeetslowlyalong曳足而行，拖着步子走第67页/共87页stagger:walkormoveunsteadilyandwithgreatdifficulty,almostfalling蹒跚，摇晃，踉跄E.g.:Hewasstaggeringalongasifdrunk.sidle:(up)walkasifreadytoturnandgotheotherway,especiallysecretivelyornervously（尤指鬼鬼祟祟地或胆怯地）悄悄地走E.g.:Hesidleduptothestrangerinthestreetandtriedtosellhimthestolenring.trudge:walkwithheavysteps,slowlyandwitheffort(plod)步履艰难地走,跋涉E.g.:Hehadtotrudge(for)20milestogethome.第68页/共87页toddle:walkwithshortunsteadysteps,asasmallchilddoes蹒跚行步，东倒西歪地走ramble:(about,through,among)goonalongwalkwithnoparticularplan漫游；漫步E.g.:1）Theyrambledthroughthewoods.2）Werambledaboutforhoursintheoldcity.roam:(through,around,about)wanderwithoutaveryclearpurpose漫步；闲荡；漫游E.g.:Atthisheighthyenasroamedabout.saunter:walkinanunhurriedway,andespeciallyinaconfidentmanner(lounge)闲逛；漫步E.g.:Isaunteredalongthestreetwithnothingtodo.第69页/共87页meander:

(ofpeople)wanderinasloweasyway漫步,散步(ofriversandstreams)flowslowly,turninghereandthere（指河川）蜿蜒而流；迂回曲折地前进lounge:(especiallyabout,around)moveinalazy,relaxedway,moveinleisurely,indolentmanner(saunter)闲逛E.g.:Heloungedaboutthehouse,doingnothingbutgettinginourwaywhilewewereworking.第70页/共87页loiter:moveonormoveabout,stoppingoften走走停停；徘徊；闲逛E.g.:Thepolicemensawsomeoneloiteringneartheshop.creep:moveslowlyandquietlywiththebodyclosetotheground匍匐前进，爬行；蹑手蹑脚地走E.g.:1）Thecatcreptsilentlytowardsthemouse.2）Thepolicemancreptuponthecriminalandseizedhimfrombehind.第71页/共87页Paragraph11takecourage:feelhopefulandconfidentaboutsomethingE.g.:Itisachallengingjob;buttakecourageandworkhardatit,andyou’llberewarded.第72页/共87页Question1:Whatconclusionisdrawnbytheauthorinthisparagraph?SA:

Agoodwriterisnotmeasuredbytheextentofhisvocabulary,butbyhisskillinfindingthe“motjuste”,thewordthatwillhitthenailcleanlyonthehead.第73页/共87页Question2:Thewriterbeginshisarticlewithananalogybetweentheunskilleduseofthehammerandtheimproperchoiceofwords.Identifytheplaceswheretheanalogyisreferredtointherestofthearticle.第74页/共87页1）“Wedon’thavetolookfarafieldtofindevidenceofbadcarpentryinlanguage.”(Paragraph5)2）“Itisperhapseasiertobeagoodcraftsmanwithwoodandnailsthanagoodcraftsmanwithwords.”(Paragraph9)3）“Agoodcarpenterisnotdistinguishedbythenumberofhistools,butbythecraftsmanshipwithwhichheusesthem.Soagoodwriterisnotmeasuredbytheextentofhisvocabulary,butbyhisskillinfindingthe‘motjuste’,thewordthatwillhitthenailcleanlyonthehead.”

(Paragraph11)第75页/共87页VI.SAtoEx.I,P.1,Workbook1.

Sowithlanguage;thegoodcraftsmanwillchoosewordsthatdrivehomehispointfirmlyandexactly.2.Gettingthewordthatiscompletelyrightforthewriter’spurpose.第76页/共87页VI.SAtoEx.I,P.1,Workbook3.Yes,Ido.Itsoundsirrationalthatapersondoesnotknowwhathehimselfthinksbeforeheseeswhathesays,but,asamatteroffact,itisquitetruethatunlesswehavefoundtheexactwordstoverbalizeourownthoughtswecanneverbeverysureofwhatourthoughtsare,withoutwords,ourthoughtscannotbedefinedorstatedinaclearandprecisemanner.第77页/共87页VI.SAtoEx.I,P.1,Workbook4.“Malapropism”meanstheunintentionalmisuseofawordbyconfusingitwithonethatresemblesit,suchashumanforhumane,singularityforsinglenes