初中英语精华笔记大全

初中英语精华笔记大全Thisisthekeytothedoor.这是开门的钥匙。callsb.=phonesb.=ringsb.uppleasegivemeacall.请打电话给我family指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用“is”，family指家人时是复数，谓语动词用“are”。of表示无生命物体的所有格，s表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所有格也可以用of,但有生命物体后要加“S”。以副词there或here开头的句子常要倒装,以示强调。What'syourname,please?=Couldyoutellmeyourname,please?=MayIhaveyourname,please?Nicetomeetyou.=Gladtomeetyou.=Pleasedtomeetyou写启示的方法：启示的主题；2.描述细节；3.留下联系方式。表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等，可以用dear作感叹词。名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如：gettosomewhere（gethome除外）到达肯定：Let+宾语（人称代词的宾格或名词）+V原型+……否定：Don'tlet+宾语+V原型+/Let+宾语+not+V原型+……have表示“有”时才可以用来提问或写成否定“havent”。联系动be动词+adj.作表语反身代词：myself（我自己）yourself（你自己）himself（他自己）herself（她自己）itself（它自己）ourselves（我们自己）yourselves（你们自己）themselves（他们自己）Howmuch+be+商品？（答：It's/They're）=Whatisthepriceof?（答:It's）cent美分Onedollar=100centsother（两者中的另一个）another（三者中的另一个）越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如：bigbluehat帮助某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.helpsb.withsth.withthehelp(n.)ofsb.e.g.Hestudiesmathwell,withthehelpofteacher.一般将来时的一般形式：主语+will+动词原形+……CanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?=(Isthere)anythingIcandoforyou?welcomea■受欢迎的v■欢迎n.欢迎getawarmwelcome得到热烈欢迎be动词不加动词原形“hundred，thousand”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加“s”。hundredsof上百thousandsof上千buysth.forsb.=buysb.（间接宾语）sth.（直接宾语）为某人买某物anybody在肯定句中表示任何人，在否定句和疑问句中不是。for表示动词的对象或接受者，表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表示时间持续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。each强调两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体+第三人称单数every强调二者或二者以上的每一个，强调整体TherearemanytreesoneachsideoftheroadTherearemanytreesonbothsidesoftheroad

thepriceislow(high)价格低(高)also放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前either放在句末（疑问句、否定句）too放在句末（肯定句）onacoldmorning在一个寒冷的早晨when…・・・・？■答不用具体时间whattime•……？•答要用具体时间比赛contest和智力或知识有关的竞赛gamematch有计划预先安排好的比赛持续一段时间的节日一般用“festival”.akindof一种many许多种kindofallkinds各种各样ofkindof……有几分……如：Theelephantsarekindofcute.含有think的宾语从句中如果从句中有否定，要否定前移，如：Shedoesn'tthinktheyareboring・（她认为他们不无聊）问：Howareyou？答：I'mfine.（我很好。）/Justsoso.（一般般。）表示时间、价格、距离的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数如：Twodollarsisenough（足够）。怎么判断双音节单词中第一个音节是开音节还是闭音节：双音节单词中的两个元音是两个音节的中心，元音是由元音字母或元音字母组合发出的音，因此，首先找到单词中的两个元音字母或元音字母组合，两个中心就清楚了。两个中心之间的辅音字母（不是字母组合）则分别划归两个音节，第一个音节即为闭音节，如果两个中心之间的辅音字母为双写字母（包括“r”），分别划归前后，第一个音节按闭音节读音。如：paper/'peipo/（pa为开音节）member/'memb0/（mem为闭音节）happy/'hepi/（hap为闭音节）sorry/'sori/（sor为闭音节）certainly/'s0:tnil/Iamsorry.Ican'tgowithyou.（对不起。我不能和你一起去。）Thanks./Thankyou./Thankyouverymuch./Thankalot./Manythanks.Youarewelcome./That'sOK./That'sallright.It'smypleasure./Withpleasure.（这是我的荣幸。）makefriendwithsb.（和……交朋友）Thanksfor+n./v.ing=Thankssb.for+n./v.ingbelow在下方（非正下方）反义词：above在……上面（非正上方，没有接触面）under在下面（正下方）反义词：on（有接触面），over（没有接触面）在……上面（正上方）keep+sth.+adj.使某物保持某状态。keep+adj.保持某状态。表示请求、建议、希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句用“some”。问：Let答：OK./Allright./That'sagoodidea./Thatsoundsgood./Sorry.sport用来修饰名词要变为sports。play+the+乐器Erhu除外be动词后叫表语，修饰名词叫定语，修饰动词叫状语，前后两词对等叫同位语。人民币和日元变复数不变，其他要。begoodwithsb.=getonwellwithsb.与某人相处的很好问：HowoftendoesRickrunonweekend?答：Rickusuallyrunsonweekend.always（总是）usually（通常）often（经常）sometime（有时）seldom（很少）never（从不）频度副词放在be动词或助动词之后，实意动词或行为动词之前。感叹句：What+（a/an）+adj.+n.+（主）+（谓）！如：Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!How+adj./adv.+（主）+（谓）！如：Howbeautifultheflowersare!Canyouthinkwhathisjobis?含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句的从句必须是陈述句。Starttodosth.开始做某事befamousfor……因……出名忙于某事bebusydoingsth.bebusywithsth・对某人某bestrictwithsb.事严格bestrictinsth./doingsth.for+时间段……做某事持续多久问：Howlongdoyouhavevolleyball?答：Ihavevolleyballfortwohours.asksb.somequestions.问某人一些问题asksb.todosth.叫某人做某事no=notanybecause不和so同时使用，although（尽管）不和but同时使用。little修饰不可数名词几乎没有（否定）alittle有一些（肯定）few修饰可数名词几乎没有（否定）afew有一些（肯定）either:两者中的任何一个都行。neither：两者中的任何一个都不。用“may”提问的句子回答用can/can‘t或must/mustn't;用“can”提问的句子回答用can/can't;用“must”提问的句子回答用need/needn't.如：1.MayIparkmycarhere?Yes,youcan/must./No,youcan't/mustn't.CanIwatchTV?Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.MustIcleantheclassroomthismorning?Yes,youneed./No,youneedn't.beafraidofdoingsth./beafraidofsth.害怕做某事/某物befondof=likemakeacontinuationtosth.对……有贡献dowellin=begoodat擅长比较级+and+比较级越来越giveback=return归还法国人单数：Frenchman/Frenchwoman英国人单数：Englishman/EnglishwomanChinese和Japanese单复数同形intheworld在世界上allovertheworld/aroundtheworld/thewholeword全世界intheschool在学校里inschool在学校学习outside在……外面outsidethegatetothepark在公园门外turning转角godown+……沿着……路走gostraightdown+……沿着……路直走enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefuntakeawalk=goforawalk=haveawalkthebeginningof……的开始atthebeginningof强调在……开始的那一刻inthebeginning起初，一开始是一个做……的的路上是一个做……的的路上fromthebeginning开始时frombeginningtoend从开始到结束visit+地点、参观某地avisitto+地点、参观某地havefundoingsth.做……很开心地点+isagreatplacetodosth.…地方bebusywithsth.忙于某事thewayto……去……的路onthewayto+地点在去……的路上onone'swayto+地点某人在去…onmywaytohome在我回家的路上主语+hope(that)+从句主语+hope+todosth.liveon……靠……为生pay金钱tosb.forsth.为了某物付钱给某人pay金钱tosb・=paysb・金钱paysb・付钱给某人between两者之间among三者或三者以上之间Whynotdosth.?表建议：为什么不做呢？Whydon'tyoudosth.?表疑问：你为什么不要?如：Peoplelikethiskindofanimals,hesouthof在……南部asleep睡着的adj.fallasleep入睡beasleep正睡着befriendlytosb.对某人友好don'tforgettodosth.不要忘记做某事tellsb.todosth.叫某人去做某事tellsb.nottodosth.叫某人不去做某事介词+doingsth.wouldliketodosth.想要做某事Whichplacedoyoulivein=Wheredoyoulive?Isn'thecute?否定疑问句thethe?翻译疑Samwantstoplaybasketball,doesn问句Whynotdosth.?=Whydon'tyoudosth.?practicedoingsth.练习做某事usesth.todosth.比较级中的代词用that，如：ThemapofBeijingisbetterthanthatofTianjin.saidtooneself自言自语becarefulnottodosth.小心别做某事doone'sbest尽某人的全力besatisfiedwith……对……满意befullof满是条件状语从句：主语为将来时，从句为一般现在时。如：We'llhaveasportsmeetingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.It'（形式主语）+adj.+（forsb.）+todosth・（主语）做某事怎么样。弹钢琴如：It'simportantforhimtoplaythepiano・弹钢琴对他很重要。It's+adj.+ofsb.todosth.（adj.应为sb.的本身性质）如：It'skindofyoutohelpme.你帮助了我，你真好。goacrossthebridge过桥in+时间段（将来时）多久后Whatdoesshedo?=What'sshe?=What'sherjob?如：IhopeIcanvisitHongKongsometime.talkto/withsb.与某人交谈beout外出waitress女服务员belatefor……做……迟到了learnbyoneself=teachoneself自学showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.lately最近thanksfor+n./动名词表语一般放在be动词后，定语一般放在名词前bewithsb.与某人在一起描述头发：漂亮+长短+形状+颜色描述人的长相：have/has+……hair/eyes/ears/mouth/nose……is/am/are+tall/short/thin/heavy/good-looking/ofmediumheight……strong的反义词：weak虚弱的lovetodosth.喜爱做某事wear用进行时态时表示短时间内的状态。如：MissLiiswearinganewdresstoday.李老师今天穿着一件新裙子。popular流行；受欢迎的pop流行kindof=alittlebit+adj./adv.=alittlebitof+n.多个形容词修饰名词时，顺序为：限定词（the；a……）数词描绘词（大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色）出处材料性质、类别名词outgoing外向的Whatfineweatheritis！=Howfinetheweatheris！roundtheworld全世界junkfood垃圾食物beonavisit(n.)to……=visit(v.)……stay+adj.保持……beangrywithsb.mostof…………中的大多数Hedoesn'twanttodoanything.=Hewantstodonothing.Helponeselftosth.受……欢迎playajokeonsb.和某人开玩笑dresssb.为某人穿衣打扮动词原型及其过去式to+v.（不定式）another+n.（单）（see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat憾官动词）+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump.（比较级+and+比较级）表示越来越怎么样apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟（容易）agreewithsb赞成某人allkindsof各种各样akindof一样allovertheworld=thewholeworldalongwith同一道，伴随,eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou.我将和你一起去Assoonas一怎么样就怎么样asyoucansee你是知道的askfor……求助，向…要…（直接接想要的东西）asksbforsth向某人什么asksbtodosth让某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事attheageof在……岁时eg：Iamsixteen.Iamattheageofsixteen.atthebeginningof…………的起初；……的开始attheendof+地点/+时间：最后,尽头,末尾.eg:Attheendoftheday.atthistimeofyear在每年的这个时候be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest.be+doing:1现在进行时2将来时beableto（+v原）=can（+v原）能够eg:SheisabletosingShecansing・beabletodosth能够干什么eg:sheisabletosing・beafraidtodo（ofsth恐惧，害怕eg:I'mafraidtogooutatnight・beallowedtodo被允许做什么eg:I'mallowedtowatchTV.我被允许看电视IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV.我应该被允许看电视beangrywithsb生某人的气eg:Don'tbeangrywithmebeangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth为什么而生某人的气beas…原级…as和什么一样eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一样高beashamedtobeawayfrom远离beawayfrom从离开bebadfor对什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes.在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好beborn出生于bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于becareful当心；小心bedifferentfrom和什么不一样befamousfor以著名befriendlytosb对某人友好befrom=comefrom来自eg:HeisfromBejing・HecomesfromBejing・IshefromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?befullof装满……的befilledwith充满eg:Theglassisfullofwater・Theglassisfilledwithwater・beglad+to+do/从句begoingto+v(原)将来时begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善长，善于……begoodfor对什么有好处eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish.behappytodo很高兴做某事behelpfultosb对某人有好处eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou・Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady・beingoodhealth身体健康beintrouble处于困难中eg:Sheisintrouble・beinterestedin对某方面感兴趣belatefor=comelateto迟到eg:Belateforclass上课迟到belike像eg:I'mlikemymotherbemadat生某人的气bemadefrom由制成（制成以后看不见原材料）bemadeof由……制成（制成以后还看得见原材料）benotsure表不确定beonavisitto参观bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎bequiet安静beshortfor表**的缩写eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰besickinbed生病在床besorrytodosth/besorryforsb对.■■感到抱歉eg:Iamsorryforyou・besorrytohearthat很抱歉听到・・・（消息）besorrytotroublesb很抱歉打扰bestrictindoingsth严于做某事eg:He'sstrictinobeyingnoles・bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves・有些学生对自己不严格bestrictwithsbinsth某方面对某人严格besupposedtodo被要求干什么besure表确定besureofdoingsth对做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell.besureofsth对做某事有信心eg:I'msureofmyhead/myteacher.我相信我的大脑（老师）besurethatsth对做某事有信心eg:I'msuerthathecanpassthetest.besuretodosth一定会做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest.我们一定会通过这次考试WearesuretolearnEnglishwell.我们一定能学好英语beterrifiedof+名/动doing害怕beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事bethesameas■…和什么一样beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly・我爸爸习惯早起。beworthdoing值得做什么be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat从句because+句子becauseof+短语eg:Hewaslatebecausehehadaheadache.Hewaslatebecauseofhisheadache・begintodo=starttodo开始做某事start…with・・・=begin…with…以什么开始什么between…and…两者之间borrowsthfromsb向借lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借给什么东西)eg:Iborrowedapenfromhim.我从他那借来笔。Helentapentome./Helentmeapen・他把笔借给我。both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)相同bother打扰bothersbtodostheg:I'msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation.我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站。theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks・这个问题困扰了我几个周了bytheendof到为止callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang・care关心eg:Don'tyoucareaboutthiscountry'sfuture你为什么不关心国家的未来catchupwithsb赶上某人chatwithsb和某人闲谈takesbto+地点带某人去某地comein进comeoverto过来comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea?你能想出一个好办法吗？communicatewithsb和某人交流consider+doing考虑做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou?为什么不考虑去泸州？danceto随着跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic.她喜欢随着音乐跳舞。decidetodosth决定做某事doasurveyof做某方面的调查dobetterin在方面做得更好dowrong做错Don'tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事Don'tmind+doing/从句/名词不要介意each+名（单）每一个…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks・每一个学生都有一些书。endup+doing以结束enjoy+doing喜欢escapefrom从逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison・犯人从监狱里逃跑出来犯人从监狱里逃跑出来Oexpecttodosth期待做某事falldown摔下来falloff从哪摔下来fallinlovewithsb/sthfarfrom离某地远eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome.find+it+adj+todo发现做某事怎么样findsb/sth+adj发现什么怎么样eg:Ifindthebookinteresting・finish完成+doing（名词）fittosb=befitforsb适合某人forgettodo没有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:Don'tforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor.from・・・to…从某某到某某eg:Frommetoher.hearsb+do/doing听见某人做某事/正在做某事helpalot很大用处helpsbwithsthone'ssth帮助某人某事(某方面)helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事hopetodosth希望做某事Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你对什么的看法if:是否=wethereg:Idon'tknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty・我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会.if:如果，假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句eg:I'llgotoLuZhouifitdoes'train.假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州。inone'sopinion=sbthink某人认为insomeways在某些方面intheend=finally（adv）最后inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方（north北sowth南west西east东）inthesun在太阳下increase增加eg:They'veincreasedthepreceofpetrolby3%.他们把石油价增加了3%。insteadof+（名）代替eg:I'dlikeanappleinsteadofapear.我想要苹果，而不要梨子。introducesbtosb介绍某人给某人introduceoneself自我介绍invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事Ittakessbsometimetodosth做某人花掉某人多少时间eg:Ittookme5minutestodomyhomework・一tTakesmeha-fanhour_0cook・」57一rs+adjtorsb_0do<ahM淞>*总露淞*a」58一rs+adjtodo露淞*俞2慕」59一_(n+adjforsbM『淞>%^俞2书一rs+adjofsbM淞>%^^az=t」60一_(n+adj(forsb二odo(M淞>%專)露淞*az^一rs+adjofsb_0do&hM淞>%总專淞*汁俞金慕eg:=szceofyou_0he一pmewismyEng一8)'h・」2一_(nagoodideaforsb-0do2h4淞->笛円郦」62=simportan二osbM淞>%暮^删meg:一torimportant-0me・」63一Cstime_0dosth一Cstimefor俾h腔7$卅露淞*3迓因eg:一-(otime_0havec一ass・It'stimeforclass・join=takepartin参加justnow刚才keep+sb/sth+adj/介词短语让什么保持什么样？keepout不让进入keepsbadj让保持eg:Iwanttokeepmymotherhappy・keephealthy保持健康keyto+名词表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案keyto…anserto■…key可以是答题或钥匙laughat…取笑eg:Don'tlanghatothersWelanghedatthejokelearnbyoneslfe自学learnfromsb向某人学习eg:WeshouldlearnfromLeiFeng・learntodosth学做某事letsbdosth让某人做某事Letsbdown让某人失望eg:Weshouldn'tletourparentsdown・我们不应该让我们的父母失望。livefrom:离某地远livein+大地方/at+小地方居住在某地lookafter=takecareof照顾照看loseone'sway谁迷路eg:Loseyourway你迷路makeadecisiontodosth决定做某事makefriendswithsb和谁成为朋友eg:Iwanttomakefriendswithyou・makeitearly把时间定的早一点makeonexhibitionofoneself让某人出洋相makesb/n+n使什么成为什么eg:ImadehermystepmollerImadeyoumywifmakesb/sth+adj使某人（某物）怎么样eg:Youmustmadeyourbedclean・makesb/sthadj使某人/某物怎么样makesbdosth让某人做某事eg:Imadehimwrite我以前让他写makeupbemadeupof（被动语态）由组成make…differenceto…mindsbtodomindone'sdoing介意做什么most+名mostof+代muchtoo+形容词mustbe一定need+名词需要needsbdosth需要某人做某事needtodo（实义动词）needdo（情态动词）no+名词notanymore=nomore再也不eg:Hedidn'tcryanymore/Hecriednomore・他再也不哭not…（形、副）atalleg:He'snottallatall.Shedoesn'tjunpfaratall.not…atall一点都不not…either表否定，也不eg:Idon'tjapanseeither.Idon'thavesister,either我也没有姐姐not…until直到才eg:Ididn'tsleepuntilmymothercameback・Thechilddidn'tstopcryinguntilIgivehersugar・offer/providesbwithsth给某人提供offersbsth/offersthtosb提供什么东西给某人eg:Iofferyouwater/Iofferwatertoyou・我给你提供水onone'swayto…在去的路上ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面onthephone=overthephone用电话交谈ontime准时intime及时oneday=someday=someday一天，将来有一天oneof+可数名词的复数形式onetoanother一个到另一个overandoveragain一遍又一遍的eg:Hecleanedtheflooroverandoveragain・part-timejob兼职工作full-timejob全职工作payfor…付钱paythebill开钱，付钱please+dopleasehelpyourself请随意bepleasedwithsb对某人感到满意pourinto川流不息的涌入，源源而来practice+doing练习做某事prefersthtosth相对更喜欢eg:Ipreferphysicstochemisty・在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理preferdoingtosth更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg:Heprefersridingabiketodiving・他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车prefertodosthratherthandosth宁愿做…也不愿eg:Myundepreferstobuyanowcarratherthanrepaivtheusedone.我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车。prefersbnottodosth更愿意…eg:Ipreferhernottocome■我不喜欢她不来pretendtodosth装着去做什么pretendthat从句eg:Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkingveryhard.这两个骗子装着努力工作。Hepretendedthathedidnotknowtheanswer.他装着不知道答案。rather…than宁可也不eg:Iwouldratherbeadoctorthanateacher・我愿肯当医生，也不当老师。Helikesdogsratherthancats・他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫。regard…as把当作eg:Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourfamily.请带我向你的家人我最好的问候。Iregardyouasmyfriend.我把你当作我的朋友。Heshowslittleregardforothers.他不爱关心别人。remidsbaboutsth提醒某人什么事remidsbtodosth提醒某人做某事eg:Heremidsmeaboutcooking/Heremidsmetocook.他提醒我做饭remidsbofsth使某人想起什么eg:Thepicturesremindmeofmyschooldays.这照片使我想起了我的学校Thewordsthat(which)theteachertalketoremindmeofmymother.returnsthtosb还什么东西给某人saytooneself对自己说saytosb对某人说sbspendsomemoneyonsth花了多少钱在某事上sbspendsometimewithsb花了多少时间陪谁sbspendsometime(in)doingsth花了多少时间做某事sbwithsb+issbandsb+areseesbdo看见某人做过某事seesbdoing看见某人正在做某事seemtodo/be+adj显得怎么样eg:YouseemtobetiredYouse