初中英语直接引语和间接引语讲解与训练

直接引语和间接引语的讲解直接引语(DirectSpeech)：当我们引用别人的话语时，若引用的是原话，被引用的部分叫直接引语。间接引语(IndirectSpeech)：当我们引用别人的话语时，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来，这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。典型例句：1.Shesaid,”IlikeEnglishverymuch.“(直接引语)(她说：“我非常喜欢英语”。)典型例句：2.ShesaidshelikedEnglishverymuch.(间接引语)(她说她非常喜欢英语。)一、直接引语与间接引语的转化陈述句的间接引语直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say,tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化，其中人称的变化与汉语的变化是一致的。例1)Johnsaid,"I'vebeenlateagain.”—Johnsaidthathehadbeenlateagain.例2)Shesaid,”Weareveryfondofsports.”—Shesaidthattheywereveryfondofsports.疑问句的间接引语1.一般疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词f或whether，其主句动词常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow,didn'tknow等。句末不用问号。例1)Myteacheraskedme,“DoyoulikeAmericancountrymusic?”—Myteacheraskedmeif/whetherIlikedAmericancountrymusic.2.反意疑问句反意疑问句转述为间接引语时，要把它看成是一般疑问句，即句型为陈述句，在句子前面加讦或whether，往往后面还要加上ornot,常用whetherornot.例1)Shecried,”Youhavemadeabigmistake,haven'tyou?”—ShecriedwhetherIhadmadeabigmistakeornot.否定的一般疑问句和选择问句如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whetherornot连接。例1)Shesaid,Don'tyouknowmytelephonenumber—SheaskedmewhetherIknewhertelephonenumberornot.例2)DoyoulikethisoneorthatoneTomasked.—TomaskedmewhetherIlikedthisoneorthatone.特殊疑问句间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。例1)Heasked,“Howdoyoulikeit?”—HeaskedmehowIlikedit.例2)Sheaskedme,“What'sthematterwithyou?”—Sheaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.例3)”Howmanybooksdoyouhave?”sheasked.—SheaskedmehowmanybooksIhad.祈使句的间接引语1．直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell,ask,order,command,request等词，句中please去掉。例1）Shesaidtome,"Pleasehavearest.JSheaskedmetohavearest.例2）”Don'tallansweratonce”,shesaidtothepupils.fShetoldthepupilsnottoanswerallatonce.带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest+-ing形式或suggest+that从句来表示其相应的意思。例1）”Let'sgoforawalk”,saidthegirl.fThegirlsuggestedgoingforawalk.例2）Theteachersaid,“LetLilytidytheclassroom.”fTheteachersuggestedthatLilyshouldtidytheclassroom.感叹句的间接引语直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。例1）”Whatacleverboyyouare!”Myteachersaidtohim.—Myteachertoldhimwhatacleverboyhewas.—Myteachertoldhimthathewasaverycleverboy.例2）Shesaid,”Howinterestingthefilmis!”—Shesaidthathowinterestingthefilmwas.有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接宾语来转述。例1）“Help!“hecried.—Hecalledforhelp.例2）”HappyChristmas!”hesaid.—HewishedmeahappyChristmas.“Wouldyouplease?“如何变为间接引语“Wouldyouplease?“虽然是个一般疑问句，但它表示的是”请求”，变为间接引语时，一般用动词不定式来表示。句型：主语+ask/invite+宾语+不定式例1）”Wouldyoupleasehavelunchwithmetomorrow?”MrZhouaskedme.—MrZhouasked/invitedmetohavelunchwithhimthenextday.二、间接引语中的词语变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时间和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化。时态的变化，直接引语转化为间接引语时，主句动词的时态若是过去时，间接引语的时态要变为相应的过去时态。直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时、现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进仃时shallshouldshouldshould（不变）willwouldwouldwould（不变）maymightmightmight（不变）cancouldcouldcould（不变）例1）Shesaid,”Ilikemathsverymuch.”（一般现在时）fShesaidthatshelikedmathsverymuch.（一般过去时）例2）Hesaid,“I'veneverseenthisman.”（现在完成时）fHesaidthathehadneverseenthatman.（过去完成时）例3）Joesaid,”I'mlisteningtomusicinmyroom.”（现在进行时）fJoesaidthathewaslisteningtomusicinhisroom.（过去进行时）重要提示1：当引语表示一般真理或客观事实时，转化为间接引语时时态不变，并且要使用一般现在时。如：例1）Heasked,“whichstaristhebiggest?”fHeaskedwhichstaristhebiggest.例2）Theteachertoldus,”Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”fTheteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.重要提示2：当直接引语有确定的过去时间时，时态不需变化。例1）Chloesaid,”Thestorytookplaceinthe1930s.”fChloesaidthatthestorytookplaceinthe1930s.B.时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化直接引语中的状语、指示代词间接引语中的状语、指示代词todaythatday当天yesterdaythedaybefore前一天tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday第二天nextweek/month/yearthenextweek/month/yearlastweek/month/yeartheweek/month/yearbeforeagobeforethree/four/yearsagothree/four/yearsbeforein2008in2008（不变）nowthen那时sofarbythenheretherethisthatthesethosethedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore两天前thedayaftertomorrow后天intwodays'time/twodaysafter两天后C.方向性动词的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时，表示方向性的动词bring,come应变为take,go。例1）Mysisteraskedme,”Couldyoubringthechairsupstairs?”fMysisteraskedmeifIcouldtakethechairsupstairs.Exercises:II.将下列直接引语转化为间接引语。1.“Myparentsareverywell.“saidTom.f2.Heasked,“Tom,wheredidyoureadit?”—>—>Thedoctorsaid,”Stayinbedforafewdays.”—>Tomsaid”Iwokeupfeelingill."—>Hesaid,”I'lltellAnnIsawyou.”—>“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.—>Doyouliketomakefriendswithus？Heasked.—>Tinasaid,”Iusuallygetupatsix.”—>Nellsaid,"Ihaveworkedoutthisproblem."—>Joannasaid,"ProfessorBlackisgoingtogivealecturenextweek."—>Theboysaid,"ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere."—>Hesaid:“I'veleftmybookinmyroom."—>Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don'twasteyourtime."—>Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978."—>Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967."—>"Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?'theyoungmanasked.—>“Lighttravelsfasterthansound."thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.—>“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?"theoldmanaskedmybrother.—>Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect."ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”—>Theteachersaid,"Theearthgoesroundthesun.”—>"Howdoyoulikethefoodhere?”saidshe.—>Hesaid,"Iamproudofmymotherland."—>.Shesaidtome,"Havelunchwithus."—>"Becareful,anddon'tcutyourfinger,"hesaidtome.—>Themanaskedme,"Howmanytimeshaveyoubeenhere?"—>Shesaidtoherson,"Don'tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom!"—>Isaid,"Iwillgivehersomeadvicetomorrow."—>Marywroteinherletter,"Mr.Liu,whenwillyoucometoAmerica?"—>"Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime，”hisfathersaidtohim.—>Mr.Wangsaid，"IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth,children”—>"Ihaven'theardfrommyparentsthesedays，”saidMary.—>Shesaidtohim,"It'stimethatyoulefthere.”—>ZhangHongsaidtome，"DoctorWangpassedawayin1948.”—>Thehistoryteachersaidtothem，"TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st，1921.”—>Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.—>"Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”PeteraskedJim.—>"Isyourfath