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2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(C级)真题及答案第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1I'dverymuchliketoknowwhatyouraiminlifeis.

Athought

B

idea

Cgoal

D

plan

2Thepolicemenactedquicklybecauseliveswereatstake

Aindanger

B

indifficulty

Cindespair

D

outofcontrol

3Practicallyallanimalscommunicateeitherthroughsoundsorthroughsoundlesscodes.

A

Certainly

BProbably

C

Almost

DAbsolutely

4MaryrarelyspeakstoSusan.

Aslowly

B

seldom

Cweakly

D

constantly

5I'mworkingwithaguyfromLondon

Ateacher

B

student

Cfriend

D

man

6You'dbetterputthesedocumentsinasafeplace

Adark

B

secure

Cguarded

D

banned

7Thecourageousboyhasbeenthesubjectofmassivemediacoverage.

Aextensive

B

continuous

Cinstant

D

quick

8Thetownisfamousforitsmagnificentbuildings

Ahigh-rise

B

modern

Cancient

D

splendid

9Thegreatchangeofthecityastonishedallthevisitors.

Asurprised

B

scared

Cexcited

D

moved

10Jackpackedupallthethingshehadaccumulatedoverthelasttenyears.

Afuture

B

far

Cpast

D

near

11Wouldyoupleasecallmyhusbandassoonaspossible?

Avisit

B

phone

Cconsult

D

invite

12Wehadalongconversationaboutherparents

Aspeech

B

question

Ctalk

D

debate

13Thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting.

Astated

B

announced

Cdemanded

D

suggested

14Obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.

Alivedon

B

dependedon

Cbelievedin

D

joinedin

15ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathletebreaksarecord

Abeats

B

maintains

Cmatches

D

tries

第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C.

RadiocarbonDating

Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon(放射性碳),orcarbon-14,dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.

Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon,calledcarbon-12,hassixprotons(中子)andsixneutrons(质子)initsnucleus.Carbon-14,orC-14,isaradioactive,unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons(原子核)。Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay(衰减)。Thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.

InLibby'sradiocarbondatingtechnique,theweakradioactiveemissions(放射)fromhisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.HedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.

Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'satmospherewhennitrogen(氮)-14,orN-14,

interactswithcosmicrays(宇宙射线)。ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed,themountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently,C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50,000years.

AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules(分子)thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14

atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues(组织)。Onceanorganism(有机体)diesittopstakingincarboninanyform,andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreases,andtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating,thefewerC-14atomsinasample,theolderthatsampleis.

16Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

17Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

18Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

19Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon.

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

20Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50,000years.

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

21Whenanorganismdies,theC-14initbeginstodecay.

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

22Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25,000years.

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段1选择个最佳标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个确定1个最佳选项。

MeetYourMemory

1Memoryissomethingthatcannotbeseen,touchedorweighed.Itisthoughttobeabstract.Itisasetofskillsratherthananobject.Neitheristhereasinglestandardforjudgingagoodorpoormemory.Thereareanumberofdifferentwaysinwhichapersonmayhavea'good'memory.

2Memoryisgenerallyviewedasconsistingofthreestages:(1)acquisitionreferstolearningthematerial;(2)storagereferstokeepingthematerialinthebrainuntilitisneeded;and(3)retrieval(提取)referstogettingthematerialbackoutwhenitisneeded.

3Memoryconsistsofatleasttwodifferentprocesses:short-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.Short-termmemoryhasalimitedcapacityandarapidforgettingrate.Itscapacitycanbeincreasedbychunking(组成大块),orgroupingseparatebitsofinformationintolargerchunks.Long-termmemoryhasanalmostunlimitedcapacity.

4Onemeasureofmemoryisrecall,whichrequiresyoutoproduceinformationbysearchingthememoryforit.Inaidedrecall,youaregivencues(提示)tohelpyouproducetheinformation.Infree-recalllearningyourecallthematerialinanyorder;inseriallearningyourecallitintheorderitwaspresented;andinpaired-associatelearningyoulearnpairsofwordssothatwhenthefirstwordisgivenyoucanrecallthesecondword.Asecondmeasureofmemoryisrecognition,inwhichyoudonothavetoproducetheinformationfrommemory,butmustbeabletoidentifyitwhenitispresentedtoyou.Inathirdmeasureofmemory,relearning,thedifferencebetweenhowlongittooktolearnthematerialthefirsttimeandhowlongittakestolearnitagainindicateshowmuchyouremember.Relearningisgenerallyamoresensitivemeasureofmemorythanisrecognitionbecauserelearningshowsretention(保持)whilerecognitiondoesnot.Recognitionisgenerallyamoresensitivemeasurethanrecall.

23Paragraph1

24Paragraph2

25Paragraph3

26Paragraph4

AWhydoweforgetthings?

BHowdowemeasurememory?

CWhatarethestagesmemoryconsistsof?

DWhatisthedifferencebetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory?

EWhatismemory?

FWhomayhaveapoormemory?

27Rememberinginvolvesgettingthematerialbackoutwhenitis

28Groupingbitsofinformationintolargerchunkshelpsimprovethecapacityof

our

29Long-termmemoryhasanalmostunlimitedcapacityanda

30Asameasureofmemory,relearningismoresensitivethan

Ashort-termmemory

Brelearning

Cneeded

Dcoded

Erecognition

Fslowforgettingrate

第4部分:阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)

下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

LightNight,DarkStars

Thousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsidetogazeattheirnightsky.Onaclearnight,withnoclouds,moonlight,orartificiallightstoblocktheview,peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsinthesky,saysDennisWard,anastronomer(天文学家)withtheUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)inBoulder,Colo.Butwhenpeoplearesurroundedbycitylights,hesays,they'reluckytosee150stars.

Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreatdistance,you'vewitnessedlightpollution.Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights,office(照亮)thenightbuildings,signs,andothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminates~sky.Thishaze(朦胧)oflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth.Evenatnight,bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollution,makingstargazingdifficult.

Dustandparticlesofpollutionfromfactoriesandindustriesworsentheeffectsoflightpollution.“Ifonecityhasalotmorelightpollutionthananother,”Wardsays,“thatcitywillsuffertheeffectsoflightpollutiononamuchgreaterscale.”

Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.

Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbsaregrowinginoncedark,ruralareas.Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuring(使变模糊)thefaint(微弱的)lightgivenoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan'tlocatetheseobjects,theycan'tlearnmoreaboutthem.

Lightpollutiondoesn'tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlifetoo.It'sclearthatartificiallightcanattractanimals,makingthemgooffcourse.There'sincreasingevidence,forexample,thatmigrating(迁徙)birdsusesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreauxJr.,ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina.“Whenlightoccursatnight,”hesays,“ithasaverydisruptive(破坏性的)influence.”Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers,high-rises,andcablesfromradioandtelevisiontowers.Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.

31Onaclearnight,peoplecansee

A150stars.

Bhundredsofstars.

Conethousandstars.

Dmorethan14,000stars.

32Lightpollutionoccurswhen

Aartificiallightsilluminatethenightsky.

Bthemoonlightsupthenightsky.

Ctoomanystarsarevisibleinthenightsky

Dstreetlightsareturnedoff.

33Nowadaysevensuburbsarebecomingunsuitableforscientiststodotheirjobsbecause

Athenightskythereistoodark.

Btheoncedarkareasarealsopollutedbylights.

Ctheseareasarenotpollutedbychemicals.

Dtheseareasarelessdeveloped.

34Howdoeslightpollutionaffectwildlife?

AAnimalsmaygooffcourse.

BIthelpsmigratingbirdsfindtheirhomes.

CAnimalsareafraidtogooutaftersunset.

DIthelpsbirdsfallasleep.

35Thetitle“LightNight,DarkStars”means

Athenightskyisbrightlylitupandstarsareblack.

Blightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark.

Ccitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky.

Dcitylightsilluminatethenightsky,makingstarsinvisible

第二篇

ShoppingatSecond-handClothingStores

When33-year-oldPeteBarthwasincollege,shoppingatsecond-handclothingstoreswasjustsomethinghedid-“likechangingthetiresonhiscar.”Helookedathisbudget,anddecidedhecouldsavealotofmoneybyshoppingforclothesatthriftshops.

“Evennewclothesarefairlydisposable(用后即丢掉的)andwearoutafteracoupleofyears,”Barthsaid.“Inthriftshops,youcanfindsomegreatstuffwhosequalityisbetterthannewclothes.”

Sincethen,Barth,whoworksataGoodwillthriftshopintheUSstateofFlorida,hasfoundthatthereareallkindsofreasonsforshoppingforsecond-handclothing.Somepeoplelikehim,shoptosavemoney.Someshopforacrazy-lookingshirt.Andsomehopasameansofconservingenergyandhelpingtheenvironment.

PatAkins,anaccountantataFloridaSalvationArmy(SA)(救世军)thriftshop,saidhat,forher,shoppingatthriftshopsisawaytohelptheenvironment.

“Whenmydaughterwaslittle,welookedatitasrecycling,”Akinssaid.“Also,whyay30dollarsforanewcoatwhenyoucangetanotheroneforalotless?”

AkinssaidthattheSAhasshopsallovertheUS-“someasbigasdepartmentstores.”Alloftheclothesaredonated(捐赠),andwhentheyhaveasurplus(盈余),they'llhave“stuffabag”specials,wherecustomerscanfillagrocerysackwithclothesforonly

or10dollars.

JuliaSlocum,22,pointsout,however,thatthehugeamountofsecond-handclothingintheUSistheresultofAmericanwastefulness.

I'dsaythatsecond-handstoresaretheresultofourwasteful,materialisticculture,“saidSlocum,whoworksforapro-conservationorganization,theCenterforaNewAmericanDream.”Thriftshopspreventthatwastefromgoingtolandfills(垃圾填埋场);theygiveclothingasecondlife,providecheaperclothingforthosewhocan'taffordtobuynewonesandgenerate(生成)incomeforcharities.Theyalsoprovideawayforthewealthyandmiddleclassestoshed(摆脱)someoftheguiltfortheirlevelofconsumption.“

36WhichstatementaboutBarthisNOTtrue?

A

Heis33yearsoldnow.

B

HeworksataGoodwillthriftshop.

C

HeworksataSalvationArmythriftshop.

D

HHewassacoollegeestuddentmmanyyyearsago

37WWhenBBarthwasaacolllegesstudennt,heooftenshopppedattthriiftshhops

Atoosaveemoneey.

Btoosaveeenerrgy.

Ctoohelpptheenvirronmennt.

Dtoomakeefrieendswwithppoorppeoplee.

38WWhatddoesAAkinsdo?

A

SSheissasooldierr.

B

SSheissanaaccounntant..

C

SSheissasaaleswooman

D

SSheissarooadswweeperr.

39TThrifttshoppscanndoeeverytthingEXCEPPT

Agiivecllothinngasseconddlifee.

Bgeeneratteincomeforccharitties.

Cprrovideecheaapercclotheesforrthepoor..

Dsttopriichpeeoplefromwastiingmooney

40TThewoord“thrifft”inpparagrraph11coulldbebestreplaacedbby

Achharityy.

Bonnedolllar.

Cfiirstcclass..

Dtwwodolllars..

第三篇

Wateer

Theseconndmosstimpportanntconnstituuent(构成成份份)oftthebiiospheere(生物圈)islliquiddwateer.Thhiscaanonllyexiistinnaveerynaarrowrangeeofttemperraturees,sinccewatterfrreezessat00℃andboilssat1100℃。Lifeeaswweknoowitwoulddonlyybeppossibbleonnthesurfaaceoffapllanetwhichhhadtempeeraturressoomewheerewiithinthisnarroowrannge.

Theearthh'ssuupplyofwaaterpprobabblyreemainssfairrlycoonstanntinquanttity.Thettotalquanttityoofwatterissnotknownnveryyaccuuratelly,butitissabouutenooughttocovverthhesurrfaceofthhegloobetooadeepthoofaboouttwwoanddthreee-quaarterkilommeterss.Mosstofitissintthefoormoffthesaltwaterrofttheocceans-aboout977percent..Therestisfrresh,butthreee-quarrtersofthhisissintthefoormofficeatthhePollesanndonmounttains,andcannootbeusedbyliivingsysteemsunntilmmeltedd.Oftherremainningffractiionalwhichhisssomewhhatleessthhanonneperrcenttoftthewhhole,therreis10—20tiimesaasmucchstooreduunderggrounddwateerasthereeisaactualllyonnthesurfaace.TThereisallsoatiny,butextreemelyimporrtantfracttionooftheewateersuppplywwhichisprresenttaswwatervaporrinttheattmosphhere.

Wateervapporinntheatmossphereeistthechhannellthrooughwwhichthewwholewaterr

circculatiion(循环)oftthebiiospheerehaastopass..Wateerevaaporatted(蒸发)frommthesurfaaceofftheoceanns,frommlakeesanddriveersanndfroommoiist(潮湿的)eartthisaddeddtoiit.Frromittthewaterrcomeesouttagaiinasrainorsnnow,falllingooneittherttheseeaorthelland.Thereeis,asmmightbeexxpecteed,amooreinntensiiveevvaporaationperuunitaareaooverttheseeaanddoceaansthhanovverthhelannd,butthereeismmorerrainfaallovverthhelanndthaanoveertheeoceaans,andthebbalancceisrestooredbbytheerunoofffrromthhelanndinthefformoofrivvers.

41LLiquiddwateeronllyexiists

Ainnthecenteeroftheeearth..

Bonnthesurfaaceoffourplaneet.

Cinnaveerynaarrowrangeeofttemperraturees

Dinnthecoasttalarreasooftheeeartth.

42TThetootalqquantiityoffwateeronEarthh

Areemainssalmoostunnchangged.

Bhaasgreeatlyincreeasedinreecentyearss

Cissdecrreasinngconnstanttly.

Dissaffeectedbygllobalwarmiing.

43MMostooftheefresshwatteronnEartth

Aissstorredunndergrround..

BissintthefoormofficeatthhePollesanndonmounttains

Cissfounndinriverrsanddlakees.

Dcoomesffromttheraain.

44TThewoord“fracttion”inttheseecondparaggraphmeanss

Aaverysmalllamouunt.

Balargeeareaa.

Cannimpoortanttsysttem.

Damajorrsourrceoffinfoormatiion.

45TThereismooreraainfalll

Aovverthhemouuntainnsthaanoveertheeriveers

Bovverthherivverstthanoovertthemoountaiins.

Covverthheoceeanstthanoovertthelaand.

Dovverthhelanndthaanoveertheeoceaans

第5部分分:补全短文文(第46~50题,每题2分,共10分)

下面的短短文有5处空白,短短文后有6个句子,其其中5个取自短文文,请根据短短文内容将其其分别放回原原有位置,以以恢复文章原原貌。

ABaadIdeea

Thinnkyouucanwalk,drivve,takeephonnecallls,e-maailanndlisstenttomussicattthesametime?Well,NewYork''snewwlawsaysyouccan't..(46)Thelawwwentiintofforcelastmonthh,folllowinggreseearchandaashocckingnumbeerofacciddentsthatinvollvedppeopleeusinngeleectronnicgaadgetss(小巧机械械)whenncrosssingthesstreett.

Who''stoblamee?(47)“Wearreundderthheimppressiionthhatouurbraaincaandomorethanitofftenccan,”sayssReneeMaroois,aneeurosccientiist(神经科学学家)inTTennesssee.“Butaacoreelimiitatioonistheiinabillityttoconncentrrateoontwoothinngsattoncee.”

Theyounggpeopplearreofttencoonsideeredtthegrreatmmultittaskerrs.(48),Agrroupoof18--to221-yeaar-olddsanddagrroupoof35--to339-yeaar-olddswerregivven900secoondsttotraanslatteimaagesiintonnumberrs,usinngassimpleecodee.(49)Butwhenbothgrouppswerreintterrupptedbbyapphonecalloranninsttantmmessagge,theolderrgrouupmattchedtheyyoungeergrooupinnspeeedanddaccuuracy..

Itiisdiffficullttomeasuurethheprooductiivitylostbymuultitaaskerss.Buttitiisproobablyyaloot.JoonathaanSpiira,chieefanaalystatBaasex,abuusinesss-ressearchhfirmm,estiimatessthecostofinnterruuptionnstotheAAmericcanecconomyyatnnearlyy$6500billlionaayearr.(50)Thessurveyysconncludeethatt28ppercenntofthewworkerrs'tiimewaasspeentonninteerrupttionsandrrecoveerytiimebeeforetheyreturrnedttotheeirmaaintaasks.

ATaalkinggonaacelllphoneewhilledriivingbringgsyouujoyanywaay

BThheesttimateeisbbasedonsuurveysswithhoffiicewoorkerss

CThheyouungergrouppdid10peercenttbettterwhhennootintterruppted

DHooweverr,anOOxforddUnivversittyressearchhsugggeststhisperceeptionnisoopenttoqueestionn.

ESccientiistsssaythhatouurmulltitassking(多任务处处理)abillitiessarelimitted

FAnndyouu'llbbefinned$1100iffyoudosooonaaNewYorkCitystreeet

第6部分分:完形填空空(第51~55题,每题1分,共15分)

下面的短短文有15处空白,请请根据短文内内容为每处空空白确定一个个最佳选项。

OneGoodReasoontoLetSSmallppoxLiive

It'ssnowafaiirbettthattwewwillnneverseetthetootaleextincction(灭绝)oftthesmmallpoox(天花)viruus.Whhensmmallpooxwasscomppletellygottridofinntheworldd,scieentisttswanntedtto(51)thekilleervirrusinnthelasttwollabs--oneinthheUSandooneinnRusssia.TTheyaasked:Ifssmallppoxhaastruulygoonefrromthheplaanet,(52)poinntwasstherreinkkeepinngtheesereeservees?

inrrealitty,ofccoursee,itwwasnaaivetto(53)thateveryyonewwouldletggoofsuch

a

ppowerfful

ppotenttialwweaponn.

Unndoubttedlyseverral

nnationns

sttill

have(54)vialls(小药瓶)。Andthellast“officcial”stoccksoffliveeviruusbreedmisstrusttofttheUSSandRussiia,(55)

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