托福词汇语法归纳整理

托福词汇语法归纳整理托福词汇语法归纳整理所有关系代词that,who,whom,which,whose引出的定语从句关系代词修饰先行词，语法上要充当从句得主语，宾语，定语等。*非正式文体中，作宾语得关系代词常省略；作主语得在句型为：itbe ，thatbe ，therebe 时才省略。从句的'谓语要与修饰语保持一致。Thisisthebookwhiich/thathasjustappeared.Thegirl(whom/that)yousawyesterdayismygirlfriend.ThenhemetMary，whonivitedhimtoaparty.HereisAlice，(whom)Imentionedtheotherday.若先行词是everything，something，anything，none，one，some，little，much，theonly，thevery，最高级等，有人和物组成时，用that或省略；人时用whoorwhose.Isthateverythingthatyouwanttotellus？Thisistheonlypropertythatihave.Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlivedinthatcountr 这个that作主语在这里不能省略，请注意！Thereareonlythreeboysandtwocarsthaticansee.关系代词as，but引出的定语从句as可用在thesame as，such as，as as 等结构中，作主语，宾语，表语，状语等成分。but此时二that/who/which not.与带有否定词的主句连用，在从句中一般作主语。Inthenuclearpowerstationweusethesamegeneratorasisusedinthethermalpowerstation.Iceconsistsofthesamenoleculesaswater(consistof)Ihaveneverseensuchkindofpeopleastheyare.Thereisnorulebuthas(which/thatdoesnothave)exception.由“介词+whom/which"引出得定语从句*非限制性定语从句中，all,nost,some，any，few，both，one等可与"of+whom/which"连用，表示部分与整体得关系。*有时候也可以用“名词/代词+of+which"来引导定语从句。ThecolleaguewithwhomIamworkingcanspeakFrench.Thecolleagur(whom/that)IamworkingwithcanspeakFrench.Thecar,forwhichshepaid$1,000for.Thecar,(which/that)shepaid$1,000for.Moleculcsmakeupmatter,thestateofwhich/whosestatecanbechanged.*修饰way,direction,distance等名词时，还可以用"that"来引导,或是省略Thatistheway(inwhich/that)heworked.Thedistance(throughwhich/that)lightreavelsinasecondisabout300,000kilometers.关系副词when,where,why引出得定语从句when,where句中作状语，=“介词+which"修饰reason可用whyorforwhichorthat*在非正式文体中，whenandwhy常省略，where被介词后置的形式代替。Idonotremembertheday(when/onwhich)heleft.Theyear(when/inwhich)Ienteredtheuniversitywas1908.WithTV，wecanseethingshappenalmostattheexactmomentwhen/that/atwhich)theyarehapppening.Thatistherason(why/that/forwhich)shespoke.as，which引导的特种定语从句*在引导非限制性定语从句时，as,which代表前面整个句子。as可作主语，宾语，作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数，位置不定which作主语，同上，引导的从句不可前置。Aswasusualattheweekend，theclubwasalmostempty.Asyoucansee，wehavegotaproblemwith