2019届高考英语二轮题海特训营10阅读理解词义猜测二

阅读理解-词义猜测二Supportivetextmessagescandoublethechanceofsomeonesuccessfullyquittingsmoking,accordingtoUKresearchers.Thestudy,publishedinTheLancet,calledfortextstobeincludedinservicestohelppeoplekickthehabit.Otherscientistssaidatextservicecouldbeofferedglobally.Accordingtogovernmentstatisticstwo-thirdsofUKsmokerssaytheywanttostop.Thisstudylookedat5,800ofthem.Supportivetextsweresentto2,915ofthesmokersforsixmonths.Therestreceivedonlymessagesthankingthemfortakingpart.Theyweresentfivetextsadayforthefirstfiveweeksandthenthreeaweekforthenext26weeks.Participantscouldalsotextbackforspecificadvicewhentheyhadstrongdesireorhadbeguntosmokeagain.Salivatestsforcotinine,whichismadewhennicotineisbrokendownbythebody,weretakentodetermineifpeoplehadreallygivenup.Aftersixmonths,10.7%ofthosereceivingtextshadquit-doubletheproportionamongthosedoingitontheirown.DrCarolineFree,wholedthetxt2stoptrialattheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine,said:"Textmessagesareaveryconvenientwayforsmokerstoreceivesupporttoquit.”"Peopledescribedtxt2stopasbeinglikehavingafriendencouragingthemoranangelontheirshoulder.”“Ithelpedpeopleresistthetemptationtosmoke.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysnearlysixmilliondieeachyearbecauseofsmoking,mostlyinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.“Thelessonslearnedfromthetxt2stoptrialcould…notonlyprovideanewapproachtostopinhigh-incomeandmiddle-incomecountries,butcouldalsoprovideausefulstartingpointforimplementingbehaviouralchangeinresource-poorsettings."Ithasalsobeensuggestedsimilartextmessagescouldbeusedtohelppeoplemodifyotherbehaviour..Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TextMessagesHelpSmokersQuitB.HowtoQuitSmokingEffectivelyC.SmokingIsVeryHarmfultoHealthD.TheFunctionofTextMessages.Howdidtheresearchersjudgeifaparticipanthadreallygivenup?A.Bysendingtextmessagestotheparticipant.B.Bymakingsalivatestsforcotinine.C.Byobservingtheparticipantforfiveweeks.D.Bymakingaquestionnaire..Theunderlined“It”inthepassagerefersto.A.afriendB.txt2stopC.anangelD.quittingsmoking4.Inwhichpartofawebsitemaythepassageappear?A.Entertainment.B.Advertisement.C.Education.D.Health.TheInternethasledtoahugeincreaseincreditcard（信用卡）fraud.Yourcardinformationcouldevenbeforsaleinanillegalwebsite（非法网站）.Websitesofferingcheapgoodsandservicesshouldberegardedwithcare.On-lineshopperswhoentertheircreditcardinformationmayneverreceivethegoodstheythoughttheybought.Thethievesthengoshoppingwithyourcardnumber—orselltheinformationovertheInternet.Computerhackers黑客）havebrokendownsecurity（安全）systems,raisingquestionsaboutthesafetyofcardholderinformation.Severalmonthsago,25,000customersofCDUniverse,anon-linemusicretailer（零售商），werenotlucky.Theirnames,addressesandcreditcardnumberswerepostedonawebsiteaftertheretailerrefusedtopayUS$157,828togetbacktheinformation.Creditcardfirmsarenowfightingagainston-linefraud.MastercardisworkingonplansforWeb-onlycreditcard,withalowercreditlimit.Thecardcouldbeusedonlyforshoppingon-line.However,thereareafewsimplestepsyoucantaketokeepfrombeingcheated（欺骗）.Askaboutyourcreditcardfirm,son-linerules:UnderBritishlawtcardholdershavetopaythefirstUS$78ofanyfraudulent欺骗性的）spending.Andshoponlyatsecuresites;sendyourcreditcardinformationonlyifthewebsiteoffersadvancedsecuresystem.Ifthesecurityisinplace,aletterwillappearinthebottomright-handcornerofyourscreen.Thewebsiteaddressmayalsostarthttps://—theextra"s”standsforsecure.Ifindoubt,giveyourcreditcardinformationoverthetelephone.Keepyourpassword（密码）safe:Moston-linesitesrequireausernameandpasswordbeforeplacinganorder.Treatyourpasswordwithcare..WhatdomostpeopleworryabouttheInternetaccordingtothispassage?A.AlotofstolencreditcardsweresoldontheInternet.B.FraudontheInternet.C.Manywebsitesaredestroyed.D.ManyillegalwebsitesareontheInternet..Whatisthemeaningof“fraud”?A.Cheating.B.Sale.C.Payment.D.Safety..Howmanypiecesofadvicedoesthepassagegivetoyou?A.Four.B.Three.C.Five.D.Six..Youareshoppingonthesite:http://www.Shopping,com,andyouwanttobuyaTVset,whatdoesthisarticlesuggesttodo?A.OrdertheTVsetatonce.B.DonotbuytheTVsetonthissite.C.E-mailthesiteyourcreditcardinformation.D.TellthesiteyourpasswordandbuytheTVsetforyou.Atschool,Iwasinthetopsetformaths.MyteachersrecommendedthatIstudyeconomicsandstatisticsasmyA-levelsubjects,butIhadmymindsetonalifefulfilledbythearts.Infact,Iwasavictimofagenderstereotypemadestrongersincebirth,thatmendoscienceandmathsandwomendoartsorlanguages.Computerscience,technologyandphysicsjustdidnotfigureinmyteenageworldview.Nobodypopularinmyschoolchosetostudythosesubjects.RealitystruckhardwhenIbeganattendingjobinterviewsandinterviewerswouldsay:"It’sgreatthatyouspeakforeignlanguages,butwhatelsedoyoudo?”Nobodyaskedmyfriendswhohadstudiedscienceortechnologythosequestions.Asurveyrecentlyshowedthatthreeofthebest-paidjobsforwomenarcinthetechnologysector.It'sasectorthatreallycanchangetheworld.Wemustshowgirlsthattechnologyhasaneffectoneveryindustryoutthere,fromfashiontoarchitecturetojournalism.Anybodycanlearntocodeandthesedaysit'sasimportantasreadingandwriting.I'verealizedthatatuniversity'dachievedthewrongkindofliteracy.Notbeingabletocodelimityourimpactontheworldfarmorethananignoranceofgreatliterature.NowIhaveafive-year-olddaughter.Idon'twanthertoblindlyfollowgenderrolesthewayIdid.Iwanthertoknowthefactthaatscienceortechnicaldegreewillnotlimithercreativitybutexpanditandbroadenherhorizonsfarmorethanmyartsbackgroundcould.I'mexposinghertoMinecraftandapps,whichhelpimproveanalyticalthinkingandproblemsolvingskills.I'mhopingthatmydaughterwilldiscoverandacceptherpotentialsinscienceandwanttochangetheworld..Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“genderstereotype”inParagraph2referto?A.Personallearningstyle.B.Sexcharacteristic.C.Conventionalsexconcept.D.Professiondifference..Accordingtotheauthor,whichmaybethebenefitoflearningscience?A.Increasingjobpossibility.B.Winningpopularity.C.Improvinglanguagecompetence.D.Enrichingimagination..Howdidtheauthorfeelforhermajorchoice?A.Satisfied.B.Active.C.Discouraged.D.Regretful..Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.ArtorScience,EitherisOKB.GoodSubjects,GoodFutureC.Girls,ChooseMoreWiselyD.CatchChances,ChangetheWorldLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber中位数)。£speakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival..Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected..Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern..Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800B.About3,400C.About2,400D.About1,200.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People,slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.Witharound100studentsscheduledtobeinthat9amMondaymorninglecture,itisnosurprisethatalmost20peopleactuallymakeittotheclassandonly10ofthemarestillawakeafterthefirst15minutes;itisnotevenasurprisethatmostofthemarestillintheirpyjamas（睡衣）.Obviously,studentsareterribleatadjustingtheirsleepcyclestotheirdailyschedule.Allhumanbeingspossessabodyclock.Alongwithotheralerting（警报）systems,thisgovernsthesleep/wakecycleandisthereforeoneofthemainprocesseswhichgovernsleepbehaviour.Typically,thepreferredsleep/wakecycleisdelayedinadolescents,whichleadstomanystudentsnotfeelingsleepyuntilmuchlaterintheevenings.Thistypicalsleeppatternisusuallyreferredtoasthe"nightowl“scheduleofsleep.Thisisopposedtothe"earlybird"schedule,andisakindofdisorderwheretheindividualtendstostayupmuchpastmidnight.Suchapersonhasgreatdifficultyinwakingupinthemornings.Researchsuggeststhatnightowlsfeelmostalertandfunctionbestintheeveningsandatnight.Researchfindingshaveshownthatabout20percentofpeoplecanbeclassifiedas"nightowls“andonly10percentcanbeclassifiedas"earlybirds"—theother70percentareinthemiddle.Althoughthisisclearlynottrueforallstudents,fortheoneswhoaretruenightowlsthisgivesthemanexcellentexcuseformissingtheirlectureswhichunfortunatelyfallbeforemidday..WhatdocstheauthorstressinParagraph1?A.Manystudentsareabsentfromclass.B.StudentsareverytiredonMondaymornings.C.Studentsdonotadjusttheirsleeppatternswell.D.StudentsarenotwellpreparedforclassonMondays..WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Moststudentsprefertogetuplateinthemorning.B.Studentsdon,tsleepwellbecauseofalertingsystems.C.One,sbodyclockgovernsthesleep/wakecycleindependently.D.Adolescents,delayedsleep/wakecycleisn,tthepreferredpattern..Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword"classified"inParagraph3?A.Criticised.B.Grouped.C.Organised.D.Named..Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Functionsofthebodyclock.B.The"nightowl“phenomenon.C.Humanbeings,sleepbehaviour.D.Theschoolscheduleof"earlybirds".Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted（享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomme.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta]©大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextrdargesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn'tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart（莫扎特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding,highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables-nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables,"giventhatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcutomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.1.Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.notfondofthefoodprovided2.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A.Playingclassicalmusic.ntroducinglemonscent.C.Makingthelightbrighter.D.Usingplatesoflargersize.3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.C.Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A;2.B;3.B;4.D解析：1.主旨大意题:根据文章第一段可知,根据英国的研究者们所言,支持性的短信息能加倍成功戒烟的机会。且接下来的文章中介绍了具体的研究过程及研究效果。故可知A项正确。而B和D项范围太广,故排除;C项是正确的,但是并非文章的主题,故也排除。.细节理解题根据第八段“Salivatestsforcotinine,...”可知,B项正确。而其他三项文中并未提及。.词义猜测题.根据上文的“Peopledescribedtxt2stopasbeinglike...”可知这里的“It”指的就是txt2stop..推理判断题.因为文章是有关支持性的短信息帮助戒烟的，故可知,它很可能出现在网站上有关“健康”的部分。故选D项。而A意为“娱乐”；B意为“广告”；C意为“教育”。2答案及解析：答案：1.B;2.A;3.A;4.B解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句（因特网已导致信用卡欺骗行为大量增加）可推知此题答案为B。.词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句（你的卡上资料可能会在非法网站出忾）和第四段最后一句（然而,可采用下列步骤防止受欺骗.）可推知此题答案为A。.细节现解题。根据对文章第五、六、七、八段的归纳可推知此题的答案为A。.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的说明:安全的网址应在电脑的右下角有一个小字母,或在网址中有一个字母“s”，而题干中的网址中没查字母“s”，从而可推知此题答案为B。3答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.A;3.D;4.C解析：1.词义猜测题，由第一段和第二段的描述可知,说的是作者是传统的性别定型观念的受害者。故选C。.推理判断题.由第三段作者找工作时面临的闲境和第四段首句可推知学习理科符合时代发展趋势、能增加就业机会。故选A。.推理判断题，由第二段首句及其中的关键词victim可推知“作者认为自己是传统性别定型观念的受害者”，故选D。.主旨大意题,纵观全文,作者现身说法，呼吁人们尤其是女孩子（文章尾段专门谈到自己的女儿）改变观念和思维方式。故C项符合文章主旨,故为最佳标题。4答案及解析：答案：1.B;2.C;3.B;4.C解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother...whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthemKT知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。.猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominantlanguages意为：强有力的语言。故选C。.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。.主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知,语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少,消失的太多。故选C。点睛:长难句解读Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.分析:and连接两个并列句，前面的介词短语in...作时间状语,all和前面的名词短语是同位语。句意:在最近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的蔓延，尤其是过去几十年来,全球化和更好的交流,这些都是导致许多语言消失的原因。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语这些强大的语言正在不断地占据统治地位。5答案及解析：答案：1.C;2.D;3.B;4.B解析：1.本文属于说明文范畴。在文中作者通过介绍一堂课中学生迟到和准时到的情况提出了学生不擅长调整自己的生物钟而去适应白天的学业安排。然后在文中分析了目前青少年睡眠存在的问题，提出了两种不同的睡眠模式，即“earlybird”（早起型）和“nightowl”（夜猫子型），并主要介绍了晚上不困，白天困的“nightowl”现象。考查主旨大意。在文章首段作者首先通过数字说明许多学生早晨不能准时起床的一种情况然后用一句话Obviously,studentsareterribleatadjustingtheirsleepcyclestotheirdailyschedule.来解释这种现象的原因，提出文章中心，然后围绕此中心展开行文，故答案选C。.考查细节理解。根据第二段Typically,thepreferredsleep/wakecycleisdelayedinadolescents…可知学生们对他们自己的睡眠模式不熟悉,没有能够恰当地去调整适应自己的生物钟，因而造成了睡眠问题,故答案选D。.考查词义推断。A批评;B分类;C组织;D命名。根据上文第三段末句Thistypicalsleeppatternisusu