年8月30日逆天版综合口语

SPEAKING1Reading:1：一些学生在2：学生可以采取同样的课在大学附近Notice:TheuniversityisgoingtocancelthepoetrywritingclassReason1:FewstudentsenrolledinReason2:ThestudentscantakeasimilarclassinthenearbyThemanReason1:Fewerstudentsmeanssmallerclasses,that’sagoodthingforstudentsbecauseitoffersstudentsenoughattentionfromtheprofessorsandthat’sveryimportantReason2:It’sinconvenient,theotheruniversityisactuallyprettyfarawaylikeanhourbybus,mostofstudentsdon’thaveacarsoit’stoodifficultforthemtocommute2该校计划停止食用食物在餐厅，因为它可以使食物更健康，还的学生。Theschoolplanstostopservingjunkfoodatthedininghallbecauseitcanmakethefoodhealthierandalsosavemoneyforstudents.3一个学生提出，学校应该允许学生在馆里喝饮料因为学生需要咖啡或茶来刷新自己的头脑在馆看书时，那他们会不泄漏任何饮料。在交谈中，女人不同意这个建议。首先，在馆附近的咖啡馆。花几分钟时间从此从长远来看，将有在书或电脑损坏污渍。Astudentproposesthattheschoolshouldallowstudentstodrinkbeveragesinthelibrarybecausestudentsneedcoffeeorteatorefreshtheirmindwhilereadinginthelibrary,andthattheywillbecarefulnottospillanydrink.Inconversation,thewomandisagreeswiththeproposal.First,thereisacafenearthelibrary.Takingafewminutesofffromthelibraryandhavingalittlewalkisagoodwaytorelax.Also,accidentsdohappensometimesnomatterhowcarefulyou’re,sointhelongrun,therewillbestainsonthebooksordamagetothecomputer.4Reading:SchoolwilladdcomputersinthelobbyofdormsReason1:studentscanchecke-mailsorreadReason2:duringthebusytime,everystudentscanonlyusefor10WomanReason1:It’sconvenient.Forexample,oncesheforgottoe-mailherprofessor,butshedidn’twanttogoallthewaybacktoherdormonlyforusinghercomputer.So,sheusedthecomputerinthelobbytosendthee-mailandcheckdirection.Reason2:Somestudentsusethecomputerinthelobbytotalkwithfriendsorwritepapers.It’sgoodtomakearuletocontrolthetimeofusingthecomputersinthelobby1：学生可以检查电子邮件或阅读新理由：很方便。例如，一旦她忘了电子邮件教授她，但她不想走回宿舍只有她原因2：一些学生使用电脑在大厅与朋友聊天或写。做一个规则控制在大厅使5哲学系计划提供一个月的早餐会议，邀请教授与学生一起共进早餐Philosophydepartmentplanstoprovideamonthlybreakfastsessionandinviteaprofessortotalkwithstudentsatthattime.ThewomanagreeswithFirst,it’sagreatchancetoknowtheprofessor,whichbringsconveniencetoselectcourseslater.Second,thefoodinthecafeteriaislimitedandit’sgoodtohaveadiversifiedmealbecausethefoodisgoingtobedeliveredfromarestaurantnearby.6addthekitcheninthestudentdormitory，理由：1、有足够的空间安置厨房设备;2、cookingskillisuseful.【学生态度】conversation部分：gg，理由：1、放厨房的空间原本可以用watchtv,ortakingsocialactivities.2cookingisausefulskillandbusy,7【学校通知】:信里建议把mathbuilding的一层改成cafeteria。ConvertlargeemptyroominMathsbuildingintosmallcafeteria.Studentcaneatbetweenclasses2)installrechargeoutletsinnewcafeteriasostudentcanrechargetheirlaptops.studentcenter,赶,要是能在一层吃东西会朋友该多好,然后又说数学系的楼太旧了,cafeteriauselaptopsduringclasses-allowsstudentstorecharge8【学校通知】学校要建一个studentlounge，以帮助坐往返的同学(commuterstudents)commutefromhometocampusbybusorbytrain。这些gohomebetweenclasses.studentlounge1.学生在LOCKER2.顺便还可trainschedule。【学生意见】a.dealwiththisproblem。宿舍也很远，commuterstudents建studentlounge，那不就了。（Whyshouldtheygetspecialtreatment?原话）。再说了，librarylocker放书。b.有其他方法查询这些信息，比如到上去查，或者直接打给trainstation。9kitchen.1)giveanalternativetoeating2)havingfuntoprepareandeatwithfriends1)学校餐厅的饭不好吃，如果有食2)学习。10应该允许学生在馆使用Reading【Proposal】Studentsshouldbeallowedtousecellphonesinthelibrary.【Reasons】1.Studentscantalkwithalowervoiceandwhisper.2.Occasionally,studentsneedtomakeemergencycalls.Listening Thegirldisagrees.Itdoesn’twork.【Reasons】1.Thelibraryshouldbequiet.Ifstudentstalkwithalowervoiceorwhisper,theycannotbe heard,sotheywouldhavetotalkloudlyandmakenoise,whichwillcausethedistractionstoother 2.Ifstudentsgetemergencycalls,theycangoouttocheckmessages.Normally,urgentcalls willbedeliveredbymessages.1。学生可以用较低说话，耳语。2。偶尔，学生需要拨打紧急。听不同意。它不工作。【原因】1。馆应该安静。如果学生和一个低或耳语，他们听不见，所以他们必须大声说话，这将导致干扰其他学生。2。如果学生得到紧急，他们可以去检查邮件。通常情况下，迫切需要将交付信息。112：不是每个人都有一台笔记本电脑带到课堂Reasonl:Easiertotakenotes,studentscanbetterconcentrateontheReason2:EasiertolookthingsupThemanReasonl:Laptopscanbedistracting,studentsmightusetheinternetorsendsReason2:NoteverYonehasalaptoptobringto12【提议】Jessicaradiostationannouncement这样才会人听1：commercialradiostationmusic,wholedayplaymusic的，可以去听别的电合，同学都有自己喜欢的音乐台，他们不会因为radiostation理由2：收听学校的announcement很不容易，别的电台又不播，这样可以随时知13阅读：一个proposal，要学校把studentorientationsession移到summer 理由二：能有的时间了解室友 理由一：有很多有，或住得远，不方便回学校，如果移到summer，有的人就 理由二：还有其他方法联系室友，、ephone(text)学生写信，学校咖啡厅提供beveragesands很好，但建议增加两项sandwhichesmorelightmusicThewomanagreeswiththeproposalthesdon'treallyhelpmuchwhenshe'shungry，所以的确要有一themusicthereistoonoisynow,shehastogobacktoherdormtoreadinsteadofreadingthere15很多，在排练的时候，和导演可以吸引的观众。在谈话的女人不同意的原因有剧院是著名的，和普通的观众不认识他，所以他指挥的音乐不能吸引的人来观看演出。Theschoolplanstohireaprofessionaldirectorinsteadofastudentdirectortoinstructthespringmusicalsothatstudentscanlearnalotfromhimduringrehearsals,andthedirectorcanattractmoreaudience.Thewomanintheconversationdisagreesfortworeasons.First,thedirectorisverybusy.Hecanonlycometotheschoolonceaweeksincehehasotherthingstotakecareof.Studentswillhavelessrehearsaltimeandwon'tlearnmuchiftheyonlygettoseehimonceaweek.Second,thedirectorisonlyfamousintheworldoftheater,andordinaryaudiencewon'tknowhim,sohimdirectingthemusicalwon'treallyattractmorepeopletocomeseetheshow.16学生的信暗示心理学系应该创建一个学生杂志为了显示他们的努力投入和研究生，为荣誉学生的被选中studentlettersuggeststhatthepsychologydepartmentshouldcreateastudent'smagazineinordertoshowthestudentstheirhardworkputintopapersandstudy,andtohonorstudentswhosepapersareselected17Thestudentproposestheuniversityshouldopenasnackshoponthecampus,whichisentirelyoperatedbystudentsbecauseithelpstocreatemorejobsforstudentsandit'sconvenientforstudentstobuy于为学生创造的工作，为学生食品很方便18学校说一年级学生宿舍分配不再是random而是根据学生的相同来分配roommates。中认为没有必要，首先自己和室友是不同major的，但一commoninterest。19jazzbandfreeconcert，这样学生课间可以去20大学正计划派遣新的室友，电子邮件地址和要大。Theuniversityisplanningtosendaddressesandphonenumbersofnewroommatestofreshman.ThewomanagreeswithFirst,shethinksit’slessstressfulandit’sgoodtoknownewroommatesinadvance.Second,shethinksit’sbeneficialtoplanouttosaveextraEarliercommunicationwillavoidbringingthesame211020Theschoolplanstoextendbreaktimebetweenclassesfrom10minutesto20minutes.Themandisagreeswiththe22首先，他认为馆有没有空间让书籍和学校要建立一个新的建筑扩大馆。但其次，学生宿舍有电脑，方便查找资料的Theuniversityhasdecidedtoofferreferencematerialonlinebecausepaper,newspaperandjournaltakeuptoomuchspace.ThemanagreeswiththeFirst,hethinksthelibraryhasnospacetokeepthebooksandtheschoolhastoexpandlibrarybybuildinganewbuilding.Butonlinematerialscouldhelpsolvetheproblem,whichismoreeconomical.Second,studentshavecomputerintheirdormsandit’stosearchthematerial23WritingCenterchangetheauthorofthelettersupportthechangesinwritingTherearetwochanges,thefirstoneistohiremoretutors,thesecondoneistoopenthecenteratweekends.Intheconversation,thewomanagreewiththisidea.Sincetherearealwaysalotofstudentsarewaitingfortutors.Andthecenterwillbenotovercrowded.24WritingCenterchangetheauthorofthelettersupportthechangesinwritingTherearetwochanges,thefirstoneistohiremoretutors,thesecondoneistoopenthecenteratweekends.Intheconversation,thewomanagreewiththisidea.Sincetherearealwaysalotofstudentsarewaitingfortutors.Andthecenterwillbenotovercrowded.25WritingCenterchangetheauthorofthelettersupportthechangesinwritingTherearetwochanges,thefirstoneistohiremoretutors,thesecondoneistoopenthecenteratweekends.Intheconversation,thewomanagreewiththisidea.Sincetherearealwaysalotofstudentsarewaitingfortutors.Andthecenterwillbenotovercrowded.26馆家具太旧，大学是要去买些新家具和取代旧的。R:Thefurnitureoflibraryistooold,theuniversityisgoingtobuysomenewfurnitureandreplacetheoldones.Thenewfurniturewillmakestudentsmorecomfortableandthenattractmorestudentstocometothelibrary.L:ThewomanholdsanegativeattitudetowardsFirstly,shesaysthatthecoachesaretoosoftandpeoplewillfallasleepeasily.Itisabadwaytoconcentrateonstudying.Furthermore,shesaysthereasonwhystudentsdonotliketocometothelibraryhasnothingtodowiththefurniture.Manystudentscannotfindavailablepowerplugswhentheyhavetousecomputers.27设备也将提高质量。R:Thereisaproposalthatthetheaterassistantsshouldbepaidandtrained.L:ThemanholdsapositiveattitudetowardsFirstly,hesaysthatmostassistantshavetheirmainjob.Forexample,oneofhisfriendsgaveuptherehearsalbecauseitswithhisboss'sjob.Furthermore,hesaysthetrainingwillhelptheassistantsworkbetter.Someprofessionalstaffsteachtheassistanthowtousetheequipmentswillalsoimprovethequalityoftheplay.28大学已经决定，所有的学生都应该至少美术课程，如雕塑和舞蹈。我们希望通过这些课程的学生将有的功能，并且它是帮助学生就业和减少压力的好方法。首先，它会他们的课程。而男孩也说，以强制性的美术课程意味2）此外，他说，大部分的学生没有天赋或的艺术。所以对他们来说，这一政受，作业负担使他很紧张。R:Theuniversityhasdecidedthatallstudentsshouldtakethreefineartscoursesatminimum,suchassculptureanddancing.Itishopedthatbytakingthesecoursesstudentswillbemoreversatile,andthatitisagoodwaytohelpstudentsbeemployableandreducetheirpressure.L:Theboyholdsanegativeattitudetowardsit.Hecomplainsthatthisisnotagoodpolicy.Firstly,itwilldeprivetheirfreedomofchoosingcourse.Andtheboyalsosaysthattakingmandatoryfineartscoursesmeansthatstudentswillhavelesstimetakingtheirmajor-relatedcourseswhichareofcoursemoreimportant.Forexample,hewantstobeabankerinthefuture,takingtoomanyartscourseswillmakehimhavenotimeforcoursesonfinanceandbanking.Apparentlytakingeconomiccourseinsteadofartcourseswillbemorehelpfultohiscareer.Furthermore,hesaysthemajorityofthestudentsdonothaveatalentoraninterestinart.Soforthem,thispolicymeansawasteoftimeandanevenmorestressfulcollegelife.Lastsemester,hetookasculpturecourse,althoughhewaskindofenjoyable,theoverloadofmadehimverystressful.29校报计划添加一些关于校园的学生职位。R:Theschoolnewspaperisplanningtoaddsomeinformationaboutoff-campusadvertisementsforstudents.L:ThewomantotallyagreeswiththeNowadays,thejobsarenotenoughtosatisfythedemandsofstudents.Theadvertisementscanincreasethejobopportunities.(Usinganexampleofherselfinherfirstsemester.)Whenshefirstcametotheschool,shecouldnotfindanyoff-campusjob.Becausesomejobswerealreadytakenbyotherstudentsandshealsodidnotknowhowtofindasuitablejob,especialwhenshewasafreshmen.Sotheadvertisementswilloffertheinformationandhelpstudentsalot.Theoff-campusadvertisementscouldofferstudentsmorerelated-workinthestudents'futurecareer.(Usinganexampleofherfriendwhowanttobealawyer).Oneofherfriendwantstobealawyerbutworksatabookstorenow,ifsheseetheadsonthenewspaper,shecouldfindajobinlawofficeswhichcanbeangoodexperienceinherresumeandhelpherfuturecareer.L：现在的工作，不足以满足学生的需求。可以增加就业机会。（用自己的一个例子在第一学期。）当她第一次来到学校，她找不到任何校外工作。因为有因此，将提供信息和帮助的学生很多。校外可以提供学生在学生未来的职业更相关的工作。（利用朋友想成为的一个例子）。一个朋友想成为一名，但在一个书店，现在，如果她看到报纸上的，她可以找可以在简历，帮她未来的职业生涯30Reading:Notice:TheUniversityrequiresfirstyearstudentstotakeastudyskillcourseReason1:TohelpthemprepareforschoollifeReason2:Theclasswillbelimitedto20studentsThemanReason1:Studentsdoneeddifferentskillsnowthatthey’reuniversity;thingsaredifferentfromwhentheywereinhighschool,likethemandidn’thaveacluewhenhewrotehisfirstresearchpaperReason2:Smallclassisbetterbecausestudentsgettointeractwiththeprofessors,theycanaskquestionsandshareideas,whenhetookbigclasses,allhecoulddowassittingthereandlistening1：提供给他有一个线索，他写了他的第一个研究时原因2：小班好是因为学生与教授互动，他们可以问问题，想法，当他把大SPEAKING1有个概念frustration啥的说小孩一碰难题就开madfrustrated.教授举了个例子askforhelphandle2Definition:ReleasersarecertainstimulithatcanleadanimalstodoacorrespondingbehaviorExample1:Toadslovetoeatworms.Theyeatanythingthatlookslikeaworm,soifyouputapencilaroundthemandkeepmovingitatthesametime,theywillattackthepencil.Sothepencilsherearelikeastimuli.Example2:Geeseprotecttheireggs.Ifsomethingisapproaching,theyusetheirbeakstothrowthingsontothenesttoprotectthebabygeese.Soroundobjecttogeeseislikeareleaser.发布者有一定的刺激，例1：喜欢吃虫子。他们吃的东西，看起来像一个蠕虫，所以如果你把一个铅例如2：鹅保护它们的蛋。如果事情的，他们用他们的嘴上扔东西保护宝宝巢。所以圆形物体鹅就像一个释放器。3Experienceproducts/goods:人们不想使用他们此前没有过使用经历的产品Peopledon'twanttobuyproductstheyhaven'thadexperiencewith.Soinordertoselltheirproducts,companieswouldgivepotentialcustomersfreesamplesfirst.Whentheyhaveusedthesamples,thepotentialcustomersaremorelikelytobuytheproducts.Intheexample,afriendoftheprofessor'sstartedacompanysellingeducationalDVDsforchildrenwhichcontainedgamesteachingchildrenlanguageskills.Atfirstnobodyboughtthem.Thenthefriendsentafreesampletoanelementaryschoolteacher.TheteacherusedtheDVDinclassandthekidsthoughtitwasfunandthatthey'dlearnedalot.ThenchildrenstartedtobuytheproductandtheDVDsbecamevery潜在的客户免费样品。当他们使用的样品，潜在客户更可能的产品。DVD。起初没有人买他们。然后这位朋友给一位小学老师发了一个免费的样DVD4Reading:Taskpartitioning:insectsusetheirownmethodsto plishtasksbydividingtheworkintodifferentgroups.Theprofessorgivesanexampleofleavingcuttingants5【】：falsesignaling是动物如何用假信号，化学信号吸引捕捉其它动【教授举例】中教授用spider和moth做例子spiderreleaseatomimicthefemalemoth.malemothfollowsthescentreleasedbyspider,andthentrappedonthespider'snet6【术语】Aggressiverecruiting客，推广期过后开始增加收入。【讲座例子】lecturegymgymcustomerbasis，是有效的。7阅读解释概念：internalattribute:工作，负责整理文件。他遇到总是不完成工作。该教授没有抱怨也8地方市场，这是一种策略，促进一个地方能区别于他人的最独特的特征。R:Thetermistheplacemarketing,itisamarketingstrategytopromotethemostuniquefeaturesofaplacewhichcandistinguishitfromothers.L:(Theprofessor)Well,todaywewilltalkabouttheplacemarketing.Forexample,aseasidetownwhichhasabeautifulbeachandmanybicyclepathsaroundit,butthemostattractivefeaturesofthetownarethebicyclepathsthere,sothetownusestheseasitsuniquefeaturesformarketingns,advertisingthatpeoplecannotenjoybeachherebutalsoplayvolleyball,docyclingandothersports.Thiswillattractmanyactiveyoungpeopleandthosewholoveexercise,andasaresultmanyotherbusinessescanalsobedeveloped,suchashosandsportsequipment.9Conceptofoptimalforaging,whichexplainhowthingscanobtainumnutritioninfoodwhilemaintainminimumenergyexpend.Akindofbirdslivesons10test-marketing，上市前对目标消费群的测试，收集回馈以改良商品。听力，说一个儿童公司以前没出过动画，新出了一部，找小孩来看，收集回馈，11【】：searchimage(搜寻印象)：by多次捕食preys，predatorscanmemorizetheimageofakindofpreys。Withtheimage，predatorscanlpreyseasilyandcatchthemefficiently。birdsAsortofcaterpillarsisgreenandlivesongreenleaves,andthusitisdifficultforbirdstolatfirst，所以鸟就吃得少。Later,birdsdevelopedsearchimagesofcaterpillars,andcaneasilydistinguishcaterpillarsaccordingtotheirspecialheadparts.Thustheypreyalot.12环境对的影响，例子是他让一组人在教室记那些信息，他们记得很清楚，可是让他们professor的家里，professor的父母在看电视这候他们就记不住了，再回13suspensionofdisbelief,指观众忘记舞台上的内容是虚构的这个事14动物之间cooperation,协同抵御捕猎者。动物迁徙时,如果一只停下来喝,其他也会一起停下喝,再继续一起迁徙,因为theremightbepredatorslikelionsonthedryopengrass,单独行动很。iksourcesPartitioningresourcepartition,就是说在同一地区生活的动物会语。说的是2种鸭子，一种名字不知道，嘴巴长点，可以挖出埋在深处的虫子，所以主要依靠的申部；迁有一种红头鸭子，嘴巴shallow＆broad,所以主要吃池16【】：restorationecology（恢复生态学）：人类主动恢复已经被破坏了的生物的自然景观，必须试图恢复以前那片地所有的因素，lackessentialfactor可能会恢复失败itmustfail。【教授举例】：教授举了个例子，以XXWEEDcorn，WEED草并没有长起来，因为唯独没考虑加入fire。FIREWEED还形成肥料。最后fire17讲了一个stopoverhabitat说是在动物迁徙过程中会有一个地点停下来这里要有食物还要有适合的环境 然后说了一个例子叫什么wilsonwipeler【类似这个发音】说这种小鸟在迁徙过程中会有一个固定的停下来的地点 第一个有很多食物insects啥的可以吃第二个是有水有stream啥的可以喝 第二个是由很多植物啊小鸟可以藏在叶子里……可以躲避大鸟因为大鸟要吃他们 这样小鸟就可以eatinsectsandrelax。18动物的利他主义：beneficotheranimals，butreducethechanceofsuivival。一种加州的动物松鼠，它的主要敌人是mountainlion.尤其是吃母的。当她发现有?时候会发生一种高pitch的calling来警告同伴赶紧逃跑，但是他的calling会引来lion，因此自己很可能被，她牺牲了自己逃走familymember在附近的时候本文19hostbranch20阅读讲了一种动物的行为,就是说它们会养成一种习惯即使是情况改变了.里(Whichisremarkedinred),后来即使是看到其他的红色的东西也会.另一个MOVINGTHEIRHEAD21Thereadingillustratestheconceptofprototypematching,whichispeoplemakechoicestofollowothers'behaviors.Theprofessorlsastorythataman'sworkingplaceisveryfarfromhishome.Hehastwowaystogotowork,drivingacarortakingabicycle.Drivingisexpensiveandridingisverychilly,sohedoesnotknowhowtomakeachoice.Hisneighborchoosestorideabikeandhealsochoosebiketogotowork.阅读说明了原型匹配的概念，即人们选择遵循别人的行为。教授讲了一个故事，一个的工作地点离他家很远。他有2种方法去上班，开车或骑自行22认知：覆盖系统的影响，对佩戴者的心理过程，有衣服。EnclothedCognition:Asystematicinfluencethatclotheshaveonthewearer'spsychologicalprocesses.Anexperimentwascarriedouttoillustratetheconceptoftheterminology.Intheexperiment,onegroupofparticipantswearadoctor’scoat;andtheothertwogroupsofsubjectsnotonlywearadoctor’scoat,butalsotheiridentityismanipulated,theyarephysicianidentificationgroupandpatientgrouprespectively.Therewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweenparticipantsinthewearing-a-doctor’s-coatconditionandparticipantsintheidentifying-with-doctorsconditioninthedurationandthedegreeofattentionalblink,whileparticipantsinthesetwoconditionshadshorterdurationandlowerdegreeofattentionalblinkthanparticipantsintheidentifying-with-patientscondition.认知：覆盖系统的影响，对佩戴者的心理过程，有衣定组和组分别。那里是参与者之间没有显着差异，在wearing-a-doctor's-coat23面对时弱者对强者的妥协行为Appeasementbehaviormeanswhensocialanimalsarefacing,theinferioronesyieldtothesuperioronestoseekpeaceinsteadofafight.Theprofessorgaveanexampleofwolves.Wolvesliveingroups,theyhuntandsharefoodtogether.Ifalittlewolftakesawaymorefood,thebrotherwolfwillthreatenthelittleone.Thenthelittlethingwilllieonthegroundwithallthefursflat.,whichhelpsgetridofawar.24顾客锁定:厂家只制造能跟自己产品匹配的配件的一种方法例子：教授有个A牌相机，但不把变焦镜头摔坏了。后来在街上看到个格合理、各方面性能比ABA牌相机上。所以教授只能花高价卖AConsumerlock-in:Acompanymakesacustomerdependentonavendorforproductsandservices,unabletouseanothervendorwithoutsubstantialswitchingcosts.Example:TheprofessorhadaBrand-Acamerabutthezoomlenswasbroken.HesawaBrand-Bzoomlenswhichwaslessexpensiveandactuallymightbeofbetterquality,butitcouldn’tfithiscamerasoheendeduphavingtobuythezoomlensfromBrand-Awhichcostmore.25当人们大量，他们愿意花时间去了解它Rationalignorance:Whenpeoplemakeabigpurchase,theyarewillingtotaketimetolearnaboutit,butnotwhentheybuyunimportantthings.26Bufferingrefertothestrategysomeweakeranimalswouldusetoapproachfoodresourceinfrontofthestrongermembersofthegroup.Theywoulduseinfantstobuffer.ThelecturersharesanexampleofmonkeysinJapan.Thestrongermalesusuallyhavethebestfoodandwillbeangryiftheweakermalesgetclose.Sotheweakermalesborrowthebabymonkeysfromtheirmother.Interestingly,thestrongermalesarenotangrywhenthebabiesandtheweakermonkeysgetcloseandevensharefoodwiththem.缓冲是指一些较弱的动物会在本的强大成员面前使用食物资源的方法。他们会用婴儿来缓冲 者在有一个猴子的例子。强壮 用婴儿的猴子从他们的母亲。有趣的是，当婴儿和较弱的猴子接近，甚至与他们起食物时，也不会生气27Consistencybias:Peopleincorrectlyremembertheirpastathtudesandbehaviorasresemblingpresentathtudesandbehavior28Reading:teaseradvertisementLecture:Acarcompanyonlyshowsaudiencesgoodviewsatthebeginningofacommercial.Afewsecondslater,acarpopsoutonthescreen.Thenpeoplewouldcallthecompanytoaskforinformationaboutthecar.Intheend,thistypeofcarsellswell.：一家汽车公司在商们会打给公司询问有关汽车的信息。最后，这种车卖得很好。29Listening:女学生现在的困境。她申请了一个学期在墨西哥的计划，Thefemalestudentfacesadilemmarightnow.SheappliedtoastudyingabroadprograminMexicoforawholesemester,butshewasalsoelectedastheoftheinternationalstudiesclub.Hertermis2years.Shedefiniyneedstheclubexperiencetolookgoodinherresume,butshecan’tserveherdutyinthesecondsemesterwhilesheisinMexico.Themalestudentoffers2Shecanbetheforthefirstsemesterandfindsomeonewhocanreplaceherwhilesheisabroadforthesecondsemester.Shedefiniyhaveenoughtime.ShecanstudyinMexicointhesummerinsteadofthewholesemester,thoughsummerisshort,shecanindeedimproveherlanguageWhichsolutiondoyouprefer?30Theprofessortalksaboutecosystemresilience.Forexample,coralreefsliveinthePacificOceanwhereakindoffishisextinctbecauseofthepollution.Thiskindoffishusedtofeelonalgae,sonowtheamountofalgaeincreasedenormously,coveringthespacewherethereefslived.Butthenotherfishalsofeedonalgae,andbecauseoftheincreasedamountofalgae,thepopulationofthosefishalsoincreased.Soonenough,theamountofalgaedecreased,whichledtotheincreaseinthecoralreefs’population.珊瑚礁太平洋，那里有一种鱼因为污染而。这种鱼对藻类有很好的感觉，所以现在藻类的数量大幅度SPEAKING1Problem:想学经济课，但她已经报了四门课程了，担心不能够跟上课程Shewantstotakeaneconomicsclass,butshehasanother4requiredclassestotake,she’sworriedshewon’tbeabletokeepup.Solution1:AudittheeconomicsclassPro:NopapersandstuffCon:lessmotivatedtoworkhardonitSolution2:SignupforthiscourselaterCon:hewouldbereallybusybythencushehaspart-timejobtotakecare2Problem:Themanissupposedtowearasuittoafancywedding,buttheoneheborrowedfromhisbrotheristooshortforhim.Solution1:Hisfriendcouldhelpmakethesuitlonger,butshe’snotveryprofessional,soit’sriskySolution2:Hecouldbuyanewone.Hehasajobinterviewnextweekandhecouldwearthesuitaswell,butit’sexpensive.3女人的问题是她要组织一场音乐会，但天气预报说明天要下雨。Thewoman’sproblemisthatshe’sgoingtoorganizeaconcert,buttheweatherforecastsaysit’sgoingtorain.4女人的问题是室友太吵闹了Thewoman'sproblemisthatshesharedaroomwithothersoffcampus,butherroommateistoonoise,shecannotdoherownthings.Sosheisconsideringtomovetoanotherapartmentnextyear.5Theman’sproblemisthathe’smovingintoanewapartmentandneedstomovehisoldstufftothenewapartment,andhe’sthinkingabouthow.Thefirstsolutionisthathecanrentatruck,butthesmalltrucksareallrentedout,andbigtrucksareexpensive.Thesecondsolutionishecanborrowhisfriend’scar,butit’skindofsmallandhe’llhavetogobackandforthafewtimes.6Problem:Themanneedstowriteresearchpapers,buthelivesoffcampus.So,hewantstobuyaprinter.需要写研究，但他住在校外。Solution1:hecouldbuyausedone.It’scheap,butthequalitycannotbeguaranteed.Solution2:hecouldbuyanewone.Hecanuseitforalong7Theman’sproblemisthathisroommate’slampwasbrokenbyhisfriendandhe’sthinkingaboutwhatlamptobuy.8治课了.sulution1:findsomeoneelsetoreplacehim细节没听清，大概bigadjustment.Solution2summer。但是他和朋友约好summer9【学生】：每天要抬自行车上4楼的宿舍，然而她受伤了，想申请换到一available。车。二、停朋友那儿，怕打扰，不好意思，因为上间不一样。问题是遇到的和解决方法以及你的建议。10summerjob,kitchen【解决方案】1.friendkitchen，inconvenient.2.schoolcafeteriaplan11【学生】一女子上陶艺课，结果作业在deadline两天前被她摔成3块了12Solution1:TATASolution2:13的父母来学校参加毕业典礼，但她找不到一个地方为他们的生活因为学校周围所有的旅馆都已预订。Thegirl'sparentsarecomingtoherschooltoattendhergraduationceremony,butshecan'tfindaplaceforthemtolivebecauseallthehosaroundtheschoolarefullybooked.Twosuggestions,1)Thegirlcouldaskherparenttolivewithherinherschoolapartment.Butherapartmentistoosmall.2)Thesecondmethodistobookahoforherparentsthatisabout20minutesawayfromtheschoolbycar.Butifherparentsliveinthehothatisquitealongwayfromschool,theywouldprobablyhavetorentacarandthecostwouldbetoohigh.14男学生遇到的问题是时间。一方面他要去机场接朋友，另一方面他想去参1告诉朋友自己会(提到的好处有：可以理解他，这个朋友还到。2不去参加的。(提到非常想去，如果错过不会有第二次机会)15孩子的脚打篮球时受伤了所以他打算去诊所，但他下午有会议。Theboy'sfeetgothurtwhenhewasplayingbasketballsoheplanstogototheclinic,buthehas areviewsessionintheafternoon.Theboy'sfeetgothurtwhenhewasplayingbasketballsoheplanstogotothehospitaltomorrow,buthehasanexamonthesameday.Twosuggestions,1)Thegirlsuggeststhatboycouldgotothehospitaltoday.Buttheboyhasareviewlessonthisafternoon,theboydoesnotwanttomissit.2)Hecouldgotothehospitalafterhehasfinishedhisexam.Buteventheslightestillnesscouldturnintosomethingseriousifnottreatedimmediay,iftheboywaitstogotothehospitaltomorrow,maybehisfeetwillbeworse.16男孩想明天晚上有一个新的课，但是他的表妹参观他的大学决定在那里学习【Problem】Theboywantstohaveanewfilmclasstomorrownight,buthiscousinwillvisithisuniversitytodecidewhetherstudytherewillhavedinnerwithhiscounsin. Option1:Thegirlhelpsintroducecampuslifeandhavedinnerwithhiscousin. Pro:Thegirlusuallygoestothedininghalltohaveadinnerandherfriendsallverynice.Con:Thecousinisashyboy. Option2:visittheuniversityandhavedinnerandhavethefilmclasslater.Pro:Theintroductionoftheclassisnotimportant. Con:Theboymayskiptheintroductionoftheinterestingdiscussion.17Problem:Thewomansignedupforacamtrip,butshedoesn’thaveatentSolution1:ToborrowonefromherfriendPro:/Con:It’skindofoldandhassmallholesonit,shemighthavetoliveinawettentifitrainsSolution2:TobuyanewonePro:/Con:She’llhavetopay,alsoifshedoesn’tlikecam,itwillbeawasteofmoney18Problem:Thewomansignedupforacamtrip,butshedoesn’thaveatentSolution1:ToborrowonefromherfriendPro:/Con:It’skindofoldandhassmallholesonit,shemighthavetoliveinawettentifitrainsSolution2:TobuyanewonePro:/Con:She’llhavetopay,alsoifshedoesn’tlikecam,itwillbeawasteofmoney19找一个locksmith来开锁，但这样很贵；二，向她父母要extrakey，但要一两天201library，program，library2makeschedulewithroommate21学生的跟写作有时间，所以他去找了advisor，方法一是从每周写一次变Reader不想让他们失望;方法二是只上基advancedcoursechallenge。22【学生】ThewomanleftherarthistorynotesonthetrainandshehastotaketheexamthenextFriday评价：晚上答应去同学的音乐会，会23系只给宾馆费没有买票Solution1:taketheplanePro:fast Con:thepriceisgettinghigherwiththedeparturedatecomingcloserSolution2:taketrainPro:cheap Con:slow,hewillhavetoleaveonedaybeforehandandwillmissthehistoryreview24带小朋友参观"城市科学博物馆"（CityScienceConversation:下周（nextweek）要带领一班小朋友（aclassofchildren）参观"城市科学博物馆"（CityScienceMuseum）,但是"城市科学博物馆"的导游（tourguide）由于生病（sick）无法同去（notavailable），其他的导游也没有时间（othertourguidesarenotavailableeither）。 自己当导游（beingtourguidebyherself）,毕竟所有的描述都在（allthedescriptionsareavailable），但是提出确可以自己当导游，但是她无法像专业导游一样提供很多信息（alotof 活动改期（rescheduletheactivity），这样可以拥有专业导游，但是有很多其他工作要做（alotofworktodo），比如要取得学校再次同意（askpermissionoftheuniversityagain）和重新安排交通出行（rearrangetransportation）。 表示再想 Question:遇到什么，有哪两种解决方案，你认为哪种好25女的把今晚要展览的忘在家里了，方法一是自己开回家取，但是这样就不能上reviewingclass26搬新apartment了。可是oldapartment又头疼的问题。它原来挂了很多画和artwork，摘下后留下很多hole在墙上。有俩选择：一是交钱，房东解决，啥27活）”提供必要的信息和学生让学生社会化。reading：Allthefirstyearstudentsintheuniversitywilllberequiredtotakeseriesofseminar，entitled"introductionoftheuniversity(life)"Toprovidestudentswith