英语四级翻译讲义

题型考核范围：中国政治、经济、文化文章长度：140—180汉字

(核心难词基本给出)分值：15分及格分数9分（由过去的句子翻译更换为短段落翻译，分值由过去的5%到改革后的15%）范文1剪纸（papercutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（theMingandQingDynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物

PapercuttingisoneofChina’smostpopulartraditionalfolkarts.Chinesepapercuttinghasahistoryofmorethan1,500years.ItwaswidespreadparticularlyduringtheMingandQingDynasties.Peopleoftenbeautifytheirhomeswithpapercuttings.DuringtheSpringFestivalandweddingcelebrations,inparticular,papercuttingsareusedtodecoratedoors,windowsandroomsinordertoenhancethejoyousatmosphere.Thecolormostfrequentlyusedinpapercuttingisred,whichsymbolizeshealthandprosperity.Chinesepapercuttingisverypopulararoundtheworldanditisoftengivenasapresenttoforeignfriends.

中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节（theLanternFestival），即从农历（lunarcalendar）最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets），对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。范文2ChineseNewYearisthemostimportanttraditionalChineseholiday.InChina,itisalsoknownastheSpringFestival.NewYearcelebrationsrunfrom

ChineseNewYear’sEve,thelastdayofthelastmonthofthelunarcalendar,totheLanternFestivalonthe15thdayofthefirstmonth.Customsandtraditionsconcerning

thecelebrationoftheChineseNewYearvarywidelyfromplacetoplace.However,NewYear’sEveisusuallyan

occasion

forChinesefamiliestogatherfortheannualreuniondinner.Itisalsotraditionalforeveryfamilytothoroughlycleanthehouseinordertosweepawayillfortuneandtobringingoodluck.Anddoorswillbedecoratedwithredcoupletswiththemesofhealth,wealthandgoodluck.Otheractivitiesincludelightingfirecrackers,givingmoneyinredenvelopes,andvisitingrelativesandfriends.信符合原文信息（5分+）达译文通顺，语言基本准确。（6~11）雅语法高端，用词华丽。（12分+）上邪！我欲与君相知，长命无绝衰。山无陵，江水为竭，冬雷震震，夏雨雪，天地合，乃敢与君绝！

—汉乐府

Iloveyou

Ilovebutyou

Withalovethatshallnotdie

Tillthesungrowscold

Andthestarsgrowold.

—WilliamShakespeare如何在考试中做到信和达？句子五大结构S+V主谓

S+V+O主谓宾S+V+P主系表S+V+O+O主谓宾宾S+V+O+C主谓宾补S+V+O主谓宾S+v

+p主系表什么做了什么。什么是什么。Step1:找框架风水是中国建筑的一种特殊传统，是古人对空间的布置和安排方法。在古代，风水通常将从选址、设计、建筑直到内部和外部装修的过程联系在一起。它将天、地、人三者融为一体，并且在所选的地址、方位、自然法则以及人类命运之间寻求和谐。Step1:找框架风水是中国建筑的一种特殊传统，是古人对空间的布置和安排方法。在古代，风水通常将从选址、设计、建筑直到内部和外部装修的整个过程联系在一起。它将天、地、人三者融为一体，并且在所选的地址、方位、自然法则以及人类命运之间寻求和谐。Step1:找框架Fengshuiis……a…tradition,is…a..method.Inancienttimes,Fengshuiconnected…thewholeprocess.Itcombinedtheheaven,theearthandthehumanbeings,seekforagreement…………Step2:补成分FengshuiisoneofspecialtraditionsofChinesebuildings,isamethodwhichancientChineseusedtoarrangespace.Inancienttimes,Fengshuiconnectedthewholeprocessofplace-choosing,designing,building,eveninsideandoutsidedecoration.Itcombinedtheheaven,theearthandthehumanbeings,seekforagreementamongchosenaddress,direction,naturallawtogetherwithhumandestiny.Step3:语法修正

Fengshui

isoneofspecialtraditionsofChinesebuildings,andisamethodwhichancientChineseusedtoarrangespace.Inancienttimes,Fengshuiconnectedthewholeprocessofplace-choosing,designing,building,eveninsideandoutsidedecoration.Itcombinedtheheaven,theearthandthehumanbeingsand

soughtfortheagreementamonglocation,directionandnaturallaw.一个简单句（没有连词）只能有一个谓语动词，如果一句话中出现多个动词，解决方式包括：

1.增加连词(简)

2.非谓语化（难）千万注意句子动词时态和语态的一致性。

英语的动词不仅体现动作本身，更体现动

作发生的时间与主被动关系

STEP4句子合并:京剧被称为中国的国粹（nationalopera），起源于18世纪，是将音乐、舞蹈、艺术综合一体的戏剧。……京剧的剧目（repertoire）主要讲述前朝传说故事，其中包括古代重要的历史事件以及王侯将相，才子佳人。儒家思想出现在大约2500年前的春秋时期（theSpringandAutumnPeriod),是建立在夏、商、周的传统文化之上，并由孔子创立的完整观念体系。(ideologicalsystem)ExamplesBeijingOperaisknownasnationalopera.Itstarted(originated)fromthe18thcentury.Itisanoperawhichcombinesmusic,danceandart.Knownasnationalopera,BeijingOpera,whichoriginatedfromthe18thcentury,

isanoperathatcombinesmusic,dance,andart.ExamplesTherepertoireoftheBeijingOperamainlytellsstoriesandtalesaboutpreviousdynasties.Itincludesthemostimportanthistoricalevents,emperors,ministers,generals,talentsandgreatbeauties.TherepertoireoftheBeijingOperamainlytellsstoriesandtalesaboutpreviousdynasties,includingthemostimportanthistoricalevents,emperors,ministers,generals,talentsandgreatbeauties.ExamplesConfucianismisacompleteideologicalsystem.ItfirstappearedintheSpringandAutumnPeriodabout2500yearsago.ItwasbasedonthetraditionalculturesofXia,ShangandZhoudynasties.ItwasfoundedbyConfucius.Confucianism，which

firstappearedintheSpringandAutumnPeriodabout2500yearsago,based

onthetraditionalculturesof….dynastiesandfoundedbyConfucius，isacompleteideologicalsystem.连词风水是中国建筑的一种特殊传统，是古人对空间的布置和安排方法，其目的是为了实现建筑与环境的共存。四合院遍布全国的城乡，但由于各地自然条件和生活方式各有不同，因此发展出各自的特点。Details(连词通常需要翻译)注意一下字眼的翻译：

如：为了，目的是，旨在

to;inorderto;inorderthat;sothat;

forthepurposethat;

由于；鉴于；because;

becauseof;since;as;

owingto;dueto;inviewof，Given

Details:Fengshui

isoneofspecialtraditionsofChinesearchitecture,isamethodofancientChinesearrangementofspace

(inorderto)achievethecoexistenceofenvironmentandarchitecture.SiheyuanspreadaroundChinaincludingcitesandvillages,but(however)becauseofthedifferentnaturalconditionsandlifestyles,eachhasdevelopedcertaincharacteristics.常用连词替代词(雅)And：aswellas;togetherwith;alongwith;asidewithBut:however;yet;nevertheless;whereas;whileBecause:since;as;given….;Becauseof:dueto;owingto;inview（light）of;thankstoSo:therefore;thus;henceInorderthat:sothat;forthepurposethat;fortheendthat

so…that(以至于):totheextentthat;tothedegreethatAlthough:though;eventhough;evenifLike(像)：ASTip1（翻译的客观性）人们认为舞龙（DragonDance）一开始是农耕文化的组成部分，起初也是治病和防病的一种方法。

ItisknownthatatthefirstplaceDragonDanceisanimportantpartofagricultureandamethodtocureandpreventdiseases.中国人普遍认为中国结可以带来吉祥如意。

Itiswidelybelieved(acknowledged)byChinesethatChineseknotcanbringasenseofhappinessandsatisfaction.Tip2它反对人对于自然的破坏，而是强调人与环境的共处，这种状态被为是完美的、神秘的Itopposesthedestructionwhichpeoplebringtothenature(humandestructionofnature)andstressesthecoexistencebetweenhumanandenvironment,whichisthoughttobeperfectandmysterious.词汇润色（雅）Fengshui,oneofspecialtraditionsofChinesearchitecture,isamethodofancientChinesearrangementofspace.Inancienttimes,Fengshuilinkedthewholeprocessfromsiteselection,designing,constructiontointeriorandexteriordecoration.Itcombinedthetrinityofheaven,theearthandthehumanbeingsandsoughtfortheharmonyamongselectedsite,orientationandnaturaldoctrine.中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节（theLanternFestival），即从农历（lunarcalendar）最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets），对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。范文ChineseNewYear,themostimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina,isalsoknowasChineseSpringFestival.ItlastsfromtheNewYear’sEvetotheLanternFestival,whichisfromthelastdayofthelastmonthtothefirstdayofthefirstmonthoflunarcalendar.ThecustomsandtraditionsofcelebratingtheSpringFestivaldiffergreatly,howevereachfamilywouldusuallygettogetherinNewYear’sEveandhaveadinner(feast)together.Inordertodriveawaythebadfortuneandwelcomethegoodluck,everyfamilywoulddothecleaning.Redcoupletsarealsogluedtothedoorframesandtheirthemesarehealth,wealthandfortune.Otheractivitiesalsoincludelightingfirecrackers,givingredenvelopsandvisitingfriends.常见词汇源自/源于/始于originatefrom….追溯：tracebackto和谐：harmony/harmonize/harmonious影响深远的：influential象征：symbol/symbolize重要组成部分：playanindispensiblepart代表/具有代表性：represent/representative

representation基石/文化遗产：cornerstone/culturalheritage表现/展现：show/express/demonstrate/display总结寻找框架2.添加成分：形容词成分的添加

名词成分的添加

句子成分的添加

动词成分的添加3.短句合并：状语从属连词合并

（N-1原则）定语从属连词合并

并列连词合并（忘）

动词的非谓语化合并（难）S+V+O主谓宾S+v

+p主系表什么做了什么。什么是什么。形容词成分添加重要的事件历史意义的一刻完美的诠释神秘的色彩未完成的使命飞着的鸟治疗疾病的方法学习英语的最好方法SignificanteventHistoricalmomentPerfectexplanationMysteriouscolorUnfinishedtaskFlyingbirdAmethodtocurediseaseThebestwaytolearnEnglish名词成分添加--of

人类文明的表达中国建筑的传统市场经济的要求选址的程序重要的历史事件神秘的色彩anexpressionofhumancivilizationatraditionofChinesearchitecturerequirementsofmarketeconomyaprocessofplacechoosing/siteselectionhistoricaleventofgreatsignificancecolorofgreatmystery句子成分添加—which古人安排空间的方法我们为之奋斗的目标他已经忘记的故事大家极力反对的观点一个从未提及的话题MethodwhichancientChineseusedtoarrangespaceAnaimthatweallstruggledforAstorywhichhehasalreadyforgottenAnopinionwhichisstronglyopposedAtopicwhichhasneverbeenmentioned1.TheredcoupletsisaperfectexpressionofChinesetraditionalculture,hasmorethanthousandsyearshistory.2.InTombSweepingDay,peoplewouldremember

thosewhowerediedbysweepingthetombstones.3.China’seconomyisdevelopingquicklyandbrings

acultureofoverconsumption.4.Theguestsatetoomuchduringthefeast,they

wouldnoteatanymore5.Iwaswalkingonthestreet,therearesomyvehicles.6.SpringFestivalisarepresentofChinesetradition.7.PeoplewouldtogetherinNewYear’seve.8.Therecomesavarietyofnewartformsduringthat

period1.TheredcoupletsisaperfectexpressionofChinesetraditionalculture,hasmorethanthousandsyearshistory.2.InTombSweepingDay,peoplewouldremember

thosewhowerediedbysweepingthetombstones.3.China’seconomyisdevelopingquicklyandbrings

acultureofoverconsumption.4.Theguestsatetoomuchduringthefeast,?they

wouldnoteatanymore5.Iwaswalkingonthestreet,therearesomyvehicles

onthestreet.6.SpringFestivalisarepresentofChinesetradition.7.PeoplewouldtogetherinNewYear’seve.8.Therecomesavarietyofnewartformsduringthat

period状语从属连词的合并如果、倘若、若---(条件状语)Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillstayathome.为了、目的是、旨在、力求---（目的状语）InorderthatIcouldwinthegame,Ipracticealot.结果是、以至于---（结果状语）Thebirdhaseatensomuchthatitcouldn’tflyaway.因为、由于、鉴于---（原因状语）Becausehewasreallylazy,hefailedtheexam.尽管、即使----（让步状语）AlthoughIhavetriedmybest,Ilostthegame.像、正如、如同---（方式状语）DoitasIhavetoldyou.回顾：常用连词替代词(雅)And：aswellas;togetherwith;alongwith;asidewithBut:however;yet;nevertheless;whereas;whileBecause:since;as;given….So:therefore;thus;henceInorderthat:sothat;forthepurposethat;fortheendthat

so…that(以至于):totheextentthat;tothedegreethatIf:ProvidedLike(像)：AS定语从属连词的合并BeijingOperaisknownasnationalopera.Itstarted(originated)fromthe18thcentury.Beijingopera,whichstartedfromthe18thcentury,isknownasnationalopera.Confucianismisacompleteideologicalsystem.ItfirstappearedintheSpringandAutumnPeriodabout2500yearsago.Confucianism,whichfirstappearedintheSpringandAutumnPeriod,isacompleteideologicalsystem.并列连词的合并—易忘Fengshui

isoneofspecialtraditionsofChinesebuildings,andisamethodwhichancientChineseusedtoarrangespace.Itcombinedtheheaven,theearthandthehumanbeingsandsoughtfortheagreementamonglocation,directionandnaturallaw.非谓语动词的合并—难1。因为我觉得很热，所以我跳进了臭水坑。2。手上拿着刀子，我杀死了一名警察。3。我对自己很有信心，我站了起来。4。我今年三十了，任然未婚。5。哭过之后，她跑进了屋里。6.满脸都是泪水，她跑进了屋里。Feelinghot,Ijumpedintoaditch.2.Armedwithaknife,Ikilledacop.3.

Sureofmyself,Istoodup.4.Amanof30,Ihaven’tgotmarriedyet.5.Havingcried,shewentintotheroom.6.Tearsrunningonherface,shewentintotheroom.实战回顾1：TherepertoireoftheBeijingOperamainlytellsstoriesandtalesaboutpreviousdynasties.Itincludesthemostimportanthistoricalevents,emperors,ministers,generals,talentsandgreatbeauties.TherepertoireoftheBeijingOperamainlytellsstoriesandtalesaboutpreviousdynasties,includingthemostimportanthistoricalevents,emperors,ministers,generals,talentsandgreatbeauties.实战回顾2：BeijingOperaisknownasnationalopera.Itstarted(originated)fromthe18thcentury.Itisanoperawhichcombinesmusic,danceandart.BeijingOpera,

known

asnationalopera,which

originatedfromthe18thcentury,isanoperathatcombinesmusic,dance,andart.实战回顾3：Confucianismisacompleteideologicalsystem.ItfirstappearedintheSpringandAutumnPeriodabout2500yearsago.ItwasbasedonthetraditionalculturesofXia,ShangandZhoudynasties.ItwasfoundedbyConfucius.Confucianism，whichfirstappearedintheSpringandAutumnPeriodabout2500yearsago,based

onthetraditionalculturesof….dynastiesandfoundedbyConfucius，isacompleteideologicalsystem.百尺竿头四合院与胡同都是人们常见到的，有超过700多年的历史，然而由于中国城市改造和经济发展，四合院慢慢的从北京消失。SiHeYuanwithHutongwhichhavebeenveryfamiliartopeople,havingahistoryofmorethan700yearsnowaregraduallydisappearingfromBeijingduetoChineseurbanrenovationandeconomicdevelopmentSiHeYuanwithHutong,veryfamiliartousall,

havingahistoryofmorethan700yearsnowaregraduallydisappearingfromBeijingduetoChineseurbanrenovationandeconomicdevelopmentSiHeYuanwithHutong,veryfamiliartousall,

haveahistoryofmorethan700years,howevertheynowaregraduallydisappearingfromBeijingduetoChineseurbanrenovationandeconomicdevelopment茶和丝绸、瓷器一样，在1000年前为世界所知，而且一直是中国的出口产品。Tea,togetherwithsilkandporcelain,begantobeknowntotheworldabout1000yearsagoandhassincebeenanimportantexportproductofChina.尽管各地风俗不同，但是赏月是最为流行的活动Althoughcustomsandtraditionsvaryfromplacetoplace,enjoyingthemoonisthemostpopularactivityTherebe综合运用Therebe…..(有)Therewereextensiveandaccuraterecordsinthatbook.There(stands,lies,sits,rests)位置

Therestandsatempleonthetopofthemountain.

Thereliesariverinfrontofmyhome.

Thererestsahutonthemountainside.

Theresitsaplaneontherunway.发生、出现、存在、生活、剩、接着there（came,appeared,entered,existed,lived,

remained,followed）

Therecameawarbetweenthetwocountriesin1937.Therelivedagreatbeautyandherpetonthemoon.Thereexistedabundantstoriesconcerning“年”.

TherefollowedtheCulturalRevolution.

传统、习俗、必要、重要的ItistraditionalforChinesetogettogetherinNewYear’seve.Itisnecessarypreparingeverythingforthefestival.Itisofgreatsignificance（indispensible）forthepandastoenjoythefreedomoflivingandgrowing.Itiscustomarytolightfirecrackerstodriveaway“nian”

强调句的运用ItistheredcoupletsthathavedemonstratedthefinestartformofChinesepaintingandcalligraphy.ItwasduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodConfucianismwasgraduallyestablished.Itisbecauseofthewisdomofourancestorthatweareleftwithimmeasurableculturalandmaterialheritage.倒装的运用春联不仅体现了中国诗歌与书法的最高造诣，也是全世界华人社区庆祝新年的一种主要仪式。NotonlyhavetheredcoupletsdemonstratedthetopartformsofChinesepaintingandcalligraphy,butalsohavebecomeamainpatternofceremonythatChinesecommunitiesaroundtheworldcelebrateSpringFestival.七夕不仅展现了古人对于真爱的浪漫追求，更体现了一种持之以恒，不屈不挠的精神。NotonlyhasthedoubleseventhfestivaldisplayedtheancientChineseromanticpursuitoftr