人教版选修7：Unit+2+Robots+Grammar(共64张)

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languagePeriod4Watchtheclipagainanddescribewhathappenedasmuchasyoucan,usingthepassivevoice.

Mymotherfelt

alarmedwhenIhadmyhaircolouredpurple.MymotherwasalarmedwhenIhadmyhaircolouredpurple.

Lookatthesentences.Isthisapassivesentence?DiscoveringusefulstructuresGooverthepassivevoice1.be+V+-ed/-en/-tMyhomeworkwaseatenbythedog.Thetoyismadebyhand.使用被动语态的情况我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候(这时不带by引起的短语)。PrintingwasintroducedtoEuropefromChina.(省略了by短语。）Look!Thereisnothinghere.Everythinghasbeentakenaway.(省略了by短语。）2)当我们出于礼貌、措辞圆通等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时。Youarerequestedtogiveaperformance.Youarecordially(诚挚地)invitedtoapartytobegivenattheTeachers'Clubat3p.m.Nov.23.使用被动语态的情况使用被动语态的情况3)当我们强调或兴趣在动作的承受者时(这时可带by引起的短语)。Thesongwascomposed（组成,写作）byastudent.Agoodtimewashadbyall.被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以give为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：一般现在时：am/is/are＋givenThefirstsectionofNewCollegeEnglishisdesignedforspeakingpracticeandisbasedonpicturesandtopics.被动语态的构成一般过去时：was/were＋given【例句】Thesecomputersweremadeinourowncountry.一般将来时：will/shallbe＋given【例句】Shallwebeaskedtoattendtheopeningceremony?

被动语态的构成SirDenis,whois78,hasmadeitknownthatmuchofhiscollection____tothenation.(CET-41996,6)hasleftB)istoleaveC)leavesD)istobeleft本句意思为：78岁的Denis先生声明他将把他的大多数收藏品留给国家。所以leave应用一般将来时的被动形式。一般将来时可以用来betodosth表达，因此答案为D.过去将来时：wouldbe＋given【例句】Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.

【例句】Themachineisbeingrepairedintheworkshop.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.developedB)havedevelopedC)arebeingdevelopedD)willhavebeendeveloped现在进行时：am/is/arebeing＋given本句测试点是动词的时态和语态develop和perfect是两个并列的谓语动词perfect用的是被动形式，develop也应该用被动形式，而且句子的时间状语为now故develop应用现在进行时的被动语态，答案为C。过去进行时：was/werebeing＋givenThefeastwasbeingpreparedwhenthebirdsarrivedinthesky现在完成时：has/havebeen＋givenSwiftprogresshasalsobeenmadeincultureandeducation.过去完成时：hadbeen＋givenThehugebridgehadbeendamagedbeforetheWorldWarⅡ.

将来完成时：will/shallhavebeen＋givenThebookwillhavebeenpublishedbytheendofnextmonth.含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词Thisproblemcanbesolved.这问题可解决。What’sdonecannotbeundone.覆水难收。GeorgemightbesenttoAmericanbyhiscompanyinAugust.公司可能八月份派乔治去美国。或类似结构（begoingto,haveto等）变成被动语态：Thisroomisgoingtobepaintednextweek.这个房间下周粉刷。Goaway!Iwanttobeleftalone.走开！我想独自待一会儿。1、有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语(指人的宾语）。一些特殊的被动语态Theydidn’tofferAnnthejob.Annwasn’tofferedthejob.安未得到这工作。2、在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to.Theymakehercleanthefloor.Sheismadetocleanthefloorbythem.一些特殊的被动语态3.It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句(=主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth)表示：据说/据报道/据悉/据信等……。例：据说这个男孩已经通过了这次的全国性的比赛。Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.一些特殊的被动语态但：It______thattherewasacaroverthere.A.sohappenedB.sohappensC.issohappenedD.wassohappened答案：A.happen是不及物动词，无被动语态。4、besupposedto(suppose:vt.推想,假设,猜想)supposed:假定的,推测的;意图的1)据说（=besaidto),如：Let’sgoandseethatfilm.It’ssupposedtobeverygood.我们一起去看那电影好吗?人们都说它不错。一些特殊的被动语态2）计划、安排。如：I’dbetterhurry.It’snearly8o,clock.I’msupposedtobemeetingTomat8:15.我要快些了。现在差不多8点钟了。我原计划8点一刻去接汤姆。3）benotsupposedto表示“不允许”等。如：Youarenotsupposedtoparkhere.这儿不允许停车。5动词get代替it.（get往往用在口语中。）酒馆里发生了打斗，幸好无人受伤。Therewasafightatthepub,butfortunatelynobodygot(=was)hurt.get+done同be+done的区别：getdone往往表示行为不是计划之中，而是意外发生的。如：Thedoggotrunoverbyacar.狗被汽车辗死了。1、某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词可以表示被动意义。cook,smell,taste,wash,write,shut,prove,sell,read,writeThedishtastesdelicious.Thetheoryprovedrightatlast.Thebookissointerestingthatitsellwell.不可以变成被动语态：Thebookissointerestingthatitsellwell.“Sell”此处为不及物动词“销售起来、有销路”的意思；作及物动词为“卖、出售”）Thiskindofclothwasheswell.(耐洗)Need+V-ing表示“主语承受动词发出的动作”，表示被动意义。我的车需要修理。Mycarneedsrepairing(=needtoberepaired).3、某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词没有被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有：beg,equal,fail,hold,possess,fit，become,contain,cost,fit,have，lack,resemble(相似)，suit等。ThisnewEnglish-Chinesedictionarycostmetendollars.如：战争爆发了。可以说：Thewarbrokeout.但不能说：Thewarwasbrokeout.4.通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。（但见第1点）被动结构与系表结构的区别“be＋过去分词”这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子：被动结构Theenemywassoonsurroundedbyus.系表结构Thehouseissurroundedbytrees.被动结构Shewasbittenbythedoginthedarkness.系表结构Iwasexcitedbythenewsthatmyhusbandgotpromoted.Thefunctionsoftheinfinitive.Exceptpredicate,theinfinitivecanfunctionassubject,object,predicative,attribute,adverbialandobjectcompliment.Goovertheinfinitivetobe+pastparticiple当不定式动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，不定式要用被动语态。其构成形式如：tobegiven,tobeshut,tobeopenedExplanationofthepassiveinfinitiveForexample:Shehatestobelaughedat.(otherslaughather.Sheislaughedatbyothers)2.Iamexpectingtobegivenapay-risenextmonth.(givemeapayriseIwillbegivenapayrise.)tips：Examples:beto+passiveinfinitive(tobe+pastparticiple)isoftenusedinnoticesandinstructions.Thiscoverisnottoberemoved.Themedicineistobetakenthreetimesaday.

一、不定式的被动形式有下列用法1．作主语：Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2．作宾语：SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。．3．构成复合宾语：Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.4．构成复合谓语：Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.5．作定语：Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?6．作状语：Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.（主语）Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(宾语)）Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.（复合宾语）Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.（复合谓语）Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.（定语）三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．在therebe结构中。例如：

Thereisalotofhomeworktodo．(也可用tobedone)

Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).

三、不定式的主动形式表示被动2．在“n／pron+be+adj+todo”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。例如：

Heishardtoconvince.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．

3.在“too—todo;enough…to…”结构中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4．在“with+n+todo”结构中。例如：

Withnothingtodo，helayinbed．

Withsomanyexercisestodo，Ican‘tgotothecinema．5．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。例如：

Ihavealettertotypetoday．(I是totype的逻辑主语)

Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(you是tosay的逻辑主语)6．当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中时。例如：

Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．

Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse．

7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等。例如：

Thehouseistolet．

Ifeltlwastoblame.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。Ihavethreemotorstorepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake不定式与高考题2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.(MET2000)A.ExpectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.(MET2001)A.toseeB.seenC.seeingD.tobeseen4.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考)

A.Tosleep

B.Sleeping

C.Sleep

D.Havingsleep6.Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled7.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole___inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying8.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying___theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考)A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade9.Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only____thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldB10.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappears____everything.A.totellB.tobetold