“四省八校”2021届高三上学期第一次开学考试英语试题 含解析

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精“四省八校"2021届高三第一学期开学考试英语注意事项：1。本试卷由四个部分组成。其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题.第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。共150分，共4页。2.全部答案在答题卡上相应区域内完成,在本试卷上作答无效。选择题请使用2B铅笔填涂,非选择题请使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答。要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。3.请在答题卡规定的地方填写好个人信息，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码是否与本人的信息一致.第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时先将答案标在试卷上,录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdidthemanthinkofthereceptionlastnight？A.Boring.B.Tiring。C.Interesting2。Howdidthewomancometomeettheman？A。Bycarandbysubway.B.Bysubwayandonfoot。C。Bybusandonfoot。3.Whendidtheman’sauntcome?A。Onthe13th.B。Onthe15th。C。Onthe17th.4.Whyisthemanhere？A。Tocollectthepapers。B.Tomeetacustomer。C.Tosignthecontracts.5。Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout？A。Whentowatertheplant.B。WhatplanttogrowC。Whichflowerstoremove.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22。5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍.听第6段材料，回答第6、7题.6。Whenisthewomanavailableforvacation?A。InAugust。B。InSeptember。C.InOctober.7。Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers？A.Couple.B。Colleagues。C.Strangers.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Havesomefood。B。ShowhisID。C。Lookforhisboardingpass。9。Whatisthewomanprobably？A。Awaitress.B。Astewardess。C.Anairportstaff.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whodoesthemanthinkisthemostqualified？A。Amy.B.Cameron.C.Hector。11.WhatisthewomanunsatisfiedwithKarine？A.Herlanguageability。B。Herlittleenthusiasm。C.Herlackofconfidence。12.Whoexpectsthehighestsalary?A.Karine.B.Hector。C。Cameron。听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13。WhatisnotarequirementfortheFBTAwardapplication？A。Nationality。B.Grade.C。Age.14.WhatdoesthemanneedtodobeforeJune？A.Finishtheexams。B。ProvidethereferenceC.Submittheapplication.15.HowmanypeoplecanwintheBisikerAwardeveryyear？A。Two.B。Three。C。Five。16.Whatdoesthewomanstressatlast?A。Theapplicationshouldheneat.B.Thesummaryshouldbelong。C.Thepersonaldetailsshouldbereal请听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17。Whatcanvisitorsdofirstnearthemaingate？A。Seethebands。B。Attendthebookfair。C。Watchthefootballmatch.18。Whoisthethirdgatefor?A。Booksellers.B。Folksingers。C。Craftexhibitors.19.WhatisontheleftoftheI-building?A。Theinformationcenter。B。Therestaurant。C.Theexhibitioncenter.20。Whatcanlistenersdowiththeyellowticket?A.Parkforfree。B.Storetheitems。C.Collecttheequipment.第二部分阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将选项涂黑。ANationalSpaceCenter，LeicesterAninteractivemuseumofsuper-sizespaceexperiences:fromagiantplanetEarthyoucantouchtotheUK’sbiggestdomedplanetarium（穹顶天文台）anda42—meterrockettower。Youcan'tmissthelatterasyoudriveintoLeicester—thestructurelookslikeit’swrappedingiantinflatablepillows.Inside,ithousesBlueStreakandThorAblerockets。Takeinthefullscaleofthembyridingaglass—sidedliftuptotheviewingplatform.Elsewhere,therearesixgallerieswithplentyofbuttonstopressandscreenstotouch.It’sallundercoversoit’sagoodplacetovisitonarainyday！Whataboutlunch？TheBoostersCafeservesreasonablypricedhotandcoldsnacksanddrinks（hotdogfrom￡4。95，plusjacketpotatoes，soups，sandwichesandsalads)atthefootofthecenter’stworocketsThecafeoffersvegetarianandveganoptionstoo.GettingthereThereisaregularbusservice(No.54withastoptwominutes’walkfromthecenter，aswellasaparkandrideservicefromBirstall.EastMidlandsTrainsandCross—CountryTrainsoperateservicestoLeicesterstation,fromwhichthecenterisa25—minutebusride.Ifdriving，it’sjustofftheA6,northofthecitycenter。Parkingis￡3fortheday.ValueformoneyIt’snotcheap—adult：￡15，5to16—year-olds:￡12,butonceyou’vepaidyoucanrevisitasmanytimesasyouwantinayear，andadmissionisfreeforkidsunderfive。Openinghours10am—4pmMondaytoFriday，10am—5pmweekendsandschoolholidays。1。WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbefoundwhenyouvisittheNationalA。Abiginflatablepillow。 B.Adomedplanetarium.C.TheBoostersCafe. D.Ahighrockettower.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothearticle?A.VisitorscanarriveattheentrancetothecenterbyonlytakingtheNo.54bus.B。Ittakesvisitors25minutestogettothecenterfromLeicesterstationbyridingabike。C。Snacksanddrinksareservedatreasonableprices。D。Althoughtheparkingfeeisreasonable,therearelimitedparkinglots。3。Ifacouplewanttotaketheirdaughteraprimaryschoolstudent，and15-year—oldsontothespacecenter，howmuchwilltheyspendonthetickets？A.￡45。 B.￡57。 C。￡42. D。￡54【答案】1.A2。C3.D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章对于参观莱斯特国家航天中心的游览项目、午餐、到达方式、门票价格以及开放时间进行了介绍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Youcan'tmissthelatterasyoudriveintoLeicester-thestructurelookslikeit’swrappedingiantinflatablepillows。（当你开车进入莱斯特时，你绝对不会错过后者——这座建筑看起来像是被巨大的充气枕头包裹着）可知这里是在描述建筑物的外观像是被巨大的充气枕头包裹着，而不是在国家航天中心可以看到一个巨大的充气枕头.所以当你参观国家航天中心时，“一个大的充气枕头”是找不到的.故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Whataboutlunch?部分TheBoostersCafeservesreasonablypricedhotandcoldsnacksanddrinks（Boosters咖啡馆提供价格合理的冷热小吃和饮料）可知C选项“小吃和饮料价格合理”表述正确.故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题.根据Valueformoney部分It'snotcheap—adult：￡15,5to16-year-olds:￡12，butonceyou’vepaidyoucanrevisitasmanytimesasyouwantinayear,andadmissionisfreeforkidsunderfive.(这并不便宜——成人：15英镑，5至16岁的孩子:12英镑,但一旦你付了钱，你可以在一年内任意多次重访，5岁以下的儿童免费入场）可知如果一对夫妇想带着女儿一个小学生，和15岁的儿子去太空中心,他们需要买票花费：15+15+12+12=54。故选D.BThedecisiononTuesdaybyJapanandtheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC）topostponetheTokyo2020OlympicGamesuntilnextsummerbecauseofthenovelcoronaviruspandemicmusthavebeenahardonetomake。AlthoughtheGameshavebeencanceled—threetimesinall，in1916,1940and1944—duetothetwoworldwarsinthemodernOlympics’historyofmorethan120years,neverbeforehaveanyGamesbeenpostponedtoadifferentyear.Nonetheless，thedecisionistherightone.Ifitisnotbroughtundercontrol，theharmdonetohumansocietybythepandemiccouldbemoreseriousandfar—reachingthaneventhetwoworldwars。Giventhenumberofcountriesaffectedandsocialandeconomicshockwavesthathavebeencausedbytherapidspreadofthevirus,postponingtheGamesistheonlyrightandsensiblechoicetomake。Afterall,nothingismoreimportantthanpeople’slives。PostponingtheGamesnotonlysafeguardsthehealthofathletes，audiencesandeveryoneinvolvedintheGames,butalsoreducespotentialtransmissionofthevirusfromoneplacetoanother.Evenlookingatitfromonlyasportinglevel，thepandemichasalreadycausedhugedisruptionstoathletes’trainingandthequalificationprocess。ItisundoubtedlyabigblowforJapan，whichhaspreparedmeticulouslyforthelargestsportseventintheworld，includingrenovatingandupgradingitsinfrastructureandsportsvenues,suchasrebuildingTokyo’sOlympicStadiumatcostof＄1。45billion.Japanwillsufferhugelossatleastintheshortterm.Theinternationalcommunityowesabig“thankyou"toJapanforallithasdonefortheGamesdespitethepostponement。That'swhytheGameswillstillbecalledtheOlympicandParalympicGamesTokyo2020despitetakingplacein2021。TheOlympicflamewillalsoremainstoredanddisplayedinJapan.Moreimportantly,allmembersintheOlympicfamily，guidedbytheOlympicspiritofrespectandunderstandingaremorallyboundtostandbehindJapantogothroughthismostdifficultmomentintheGames’history。4。Whatdoestheword“it”inParagraph3referto?A。Thedecision. B.TheGames。 C。Thepandemic。 D.Thewar.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“meticulously”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Wisely. B。Recently. C。Easily. D.Precisely.6.Weknowfromthepassage________.A.theGamesshouldbeputoffintimesofwaranddisasterB。theGameswillstillbecalledTokyo2020GamesforitssacrificeCpostponingtheGameswillhaveabadinfluenceontheathletesD.theOlympicfamilywillhavetomakeupforthelossofJapan7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.ThewholeworldwillsupportJapan. B.JapanwillkeeptheOlympicflameburning。C。PostponingtheGameswillbringtheworldhope. D.TokyowillbecomethesymboloftheGames.【答案】4。C5.D6。B7.A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。因为新型冠状病毒大流行，周二，日本和国际奥委会做出决定将2020年东京奥运会推迟到明年夏天举行。文章说明了历史其他几次奥运会取消的事件,考虑到受影响国家的数量以及病毒的迅速传播造成的社会和经济影响，推迟奥运会是唯一正确和明智的选择.日本为此次奥运会做出了巨大投入，尽管日本推迟了奥运会,但国际社会应该感谢日本为奥运会所做的一切。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文theharmdonetohumansocietybythepandemiccouldbemoreseriousandfar—reachingthaneventhetwoworldwars.可知如果这种流行病不加以控制,那么大流行病对人类社会造成的危害可能比两次世界大战还要严重和深远.由此可知，it指的是“流行病”。故选C。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文forthelargestsportseventintheworld,includingrenovatingandupgradingitsinfrastructureandsportsvenues,suchasrebuildingTokyo’sOlympicStadiumatcostof＄1。45billion可知,包括对基础设施和体育场馆进行翻新和升级，比如耗资14。5亿美元重建东京的奥林匹克体育场。由此可知，日本已经为这场世界上最大的体育赛事做了精确准备。所以划线词意思为“精确地”。A。Wisely.明智地;B。Recently.最近；C。Easily。容易地;D。Precisely.精确地。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Theinternationalcommunityowesabig“thankyou”toJapanforallithasdonefortheGamesdespitethepostponement。That’swhytheGameswillstillbecalledtheOlympicandParalympicGamesTokyo2020despitetakingplacein2021.可知尽管日本推迟了奥运会，但国际社会应该感谢日本为奥运会所做的一切。这就是为什么2020年东京奥运会和残奥会的名称仍然是东京2020年奥运会和残奥会,尽管它是在2021年举办的。由此可知，由于做出了巨大的牺牲,本届奥运会仍将被称为2020年东京奥运会。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段Moreimportantly，allmembersintheOlympicfamily，guidedbytheOlympicspiritofrespectandunderstandingaremorallyboundtostandbehindJapantogothroughthismostdifficultmomentintheGames’history。可知更重要的是,在以尊重和理解为中心的奥林匹克精神指引下,奥林匹克大家庭的所有成员在道义上一定会支持日本，度过奥运会历史上这一最困难的时刻。由此可知,全世界都会支持日本。故选A。CItisfoodnewsguaranteedtoputasmileonyourface.Scientistshavefoundthateatingdarkchocolateappearstolowertheriskofdepressionbyaquarter。While7.6percentofthe13,000peoplesurveyedreporteddepressivesymptoms，just1.5percentofthechocolateeatersdid.ThestudybyUniversityCollegeLondon（UCL），theUniversityofCalgaryandAlbertaHealthServicesCanada,alsofoundthatthepeoplewhoconsumedthemostofanychocolatewerealso57percentlesslikelytoreportdepressivesymptoms。LeadauthorDr。SarahJacksonsaid,“Thisstudyprovidessomeevidencethatconsumptionofchocolate，particularlydarkchocolate，maybeassociatedwithreducedoddsofclinicallyrelevantdepressivesymptoms."Thestudyisthefirsttoexaminetheassociationwithdepressionaccordingtothetypeofchocolateconsumed.Theteamassesseddatafrom13，626adultsfromtheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey。Arangeofotherfactorsincludingheight,weight，maritalstatus，ethnicity，education，householdincome,physicalactivity,smokingandchronichealthproblemswerealsotakenintoaccounttoensurethestudyonlymeasuredchocolate’seffectondepressivesymptoms。Afteradjustingforthesefactors，itwasfoundthatindividualswhoreportedeatinganydarkchocolateintwo24—hourperiodshad70percentloweroddsofreportingclinicallyrelevantdepressivesymptomsintheprevioustwoweeksthanthosewhoreportednoteatingchocolateatall.Chocolatecontainsanumberofpsychoactiveingredientswhichproduceafeelingofeuphoriasimilartothatofcannabinoid（大麻素),foundincannabis。Italsocontainsphenylethylamine(苯乙胺)，aneuromodulator(神经调节物质）whichisbelievedtobeimportantforregulatingpeople’smoods。Darkchocolatealsohashigherconcentrationofflavonoids(类黄酮），antioxidantchemicalswhichlowerinflammationandcanpreventtheonset(发生）ofdepression。However，Britishscientistspointedoutthatthedecisiontoeatdarkchocolatecouldbelinkedtootherhealthfactors。Forexample,peoplewhochoosedarkchocolatemaybemorehealthconsciousingeneral,whichisknowntoprotectagainstdepression。Depressedpeoplearealsomorelikelytodesireformoresugaryfattyfoodsandsocouldbelesslikelytopickadarkalterativewhenchoosingchocolate。8WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthestudy？A。minorityofchocolateeaterssufferfromdepression. B。majorityofpeoplesurveyedaredepressive.C.Allkindsofchocolatecanhelpfightdepression。 D。Halfofpeoplewithdepressionaresurveyed.9.Thestudyistypicalinthat________.A。itpointedouttherelationshipbetweendepressionandchocolateB.itdemonstratedtheprotectiveeffectsofblackchocolateC.thefindingswerebasedonthetypeofchocolateconsumedD。theresearchersconductedthesurveyworldwide10。Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout？A。Theadvantagesofchocolate. B.Thereasonsfortheprotectiveeffects.C.Thecausesofdepression. D.Theeffectsofchocolate。11。What'stheBritishscientists’attitudetowardthefindings？A.Cautious。 B.Supportive. C。Unimportant。 D。Curious.【答案】8.A9。C10。B11。A【解析】这是一篇说明文。说明了科学家发现，吃黑巧克力似乎可以降低四分之一的抑郁风险.在1.3万名被调查者中，有7。6%的人有抑郁症状，而吃巧克力的人只有1.5%有抑郁症状。介绍了这项研究的过程，以及巧克力可以产生保护效果的原因以及英国科学家对此发现的态度。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Scientistshavefoundthateatingdarkchocolateappearstolowertheriskofdepressionbyaquarter.While7。6percentofthe13，000peoplesurveyedreporteddepressivesymptoms,just1.5percentofthechocolateeatersdid。可知科学家发现，吃黑巧克力似乎可以降低四分之一的抑郁风险。在1.3万名被调查者中，有7.6％的人有抑郁症状,而吃巧克力的人只有1.5%有抑郁症状.由此可知,A选项“少数吃巧克力的人患有抑郁症”正确。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Thestudyisthefirsttoexaminetheassociationwithdepressionaccordingtothetypeofchocolateconsumed。可知这项研究是第一次根据巧克力摄入的类型来研究巧克力与抑郁症之间的关系。由此可知，这项研究的典型之处在于,研究结果是基于人们摄入的巧克力的类型。故选C。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段Chocolatecontainsanumberofpsychoactiveingredientswhichproduceafeelingofeuphoriasimilartothatofcannabinoid(大麻素),foundincannabis.Italsocontainsphenylethylamine(苯乙胺),aneuromodulator（神经调节物质)whichisbelievedtobeimportantforregulatingpeople’smoods。Darkchocolatealsohashigherconcentrationofflavonoids(类黄酮）,antioxidantchemicalswhichlowerinflammationandcanpreventtheonset（发生）ofdepression.可知巧克力含有许多精神活性成分，能产生一种欣快感，类似于在大麻中发现的大麻素.它还含有苯乙胺,一种神经调节剂，被认为对调节人的情绪很重要。黑巧克力还含有更高浓度的类黄酮，抗氧化化学物质，可以降低炎症，防止抑郁症的发生。由此可知，第五段主要讲了巧克力有保护效果的原因.故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段However,Britishscientistspointedoutthatthedecisiontoeatdarkchocolatecouldbelinkedtootherhealthfactors。Forexample，peoplewhochoosedarkchocolatemaybemorehealthconsciousingeneral，whichisknowntoprotectagainstdepression.Depressedpeoplearealsomorelikelytodesireformoresugaryfattyfoodsandsocouldbelesslikelytopickadarkalterativewhenchoosingchocolate.可知不过,英国科学家指出，决定吃黑巧克力可能与其他健康因素有关。例如，选择黑巧克力的人可能在一般情况下更注重健康，众所周知,黑巧克力可以防止抑郁症。抑郁症患者也更有可能渴望更多的含糖脂肪食物，因此在选择巧克力时,可能不太会选择黑巧克力的替代品.由此可推知，英国科学家对这些发现持谨慎态度。故选A。DWastesortingisacomplexphenomenonthatcanbeanimportantsteptowardaglobalcirculareconomy.Maybeitevenwillbesomethingwewilllookbackonasoneofthefirststepstowardanecologicalsociety.Butsortingofwastecouldalsomeanparticipatinginanactivitythatgraduallyweakenssustainabledevelopmentbyallowingunsustainablecompaniestouserecyclingasawaytopretendtheyaresustainable.WhenRoyalDutchShell，British—Dutchoilandgascompany，wantedtodumpanoilrigintheoceanin1995manypeopleinEuropehadjuststartedtoseparateglassbottlesandnewspapers。Thecompany'splanwasviewedasasignofarrogance.Theincidentledtoanimportantmeeting,afterwhichmanycompaniesstartedincludingenvironmentalfactorsintheirriskassessment。Thesituationisdifferenttoday.ItisnolongerclearifthekindofwastesortingdoneinWesternnationsispartoftheproblemorthesolution.Thereareareaswherethesortingofwasteisworkingreasonablywell，forexampletheglassandmetalindustries。Butatatimewhenwearelookingatatransformativesystemchangeandglobalsustainability，thereisaneedtofundamentallyrethinkwastesorting.Inthecomingdecades,theworldneedstoeliminate（消除)theuseoffossilfuels,becomemoreresourceefficientliftbillionsoutofpovertyandensuregreaterequity.Inordertoensurethis,weneedaresource—efficientcirculareconomy,andwastesortingcanplayakeyrole.Butthatshouldbeaverydifferentkindofwastesorting.Chinacouldinitiatethenextgenerationofwastesortingsystems.Suchawastesortingsystemwouldbeadriverforinnovationandextremeresourceefficiencyandatruesteptowardecologicalcivilization.12.Wastesortingisacomplexphenomenonbecause________.A。itisanimportantsteptowardaglobalcirculareconomyB。itmeanseconomyandmaybeanactivitythatgraduallyweakenssustainabledevelopmentC.itisafirststeptowardanecologicalsocietyD.itisslowlymovingintothecenterofconversation13。WhatdidthebehaviorofRoyalDutchShellcompanyresultin？A。Thedumpingofoilrig。B.Separatingglassbottlesandnewspapers.C。Includingenvironmentwhenassessingrisks。D。StartingwastesortinginEuropeancountries.14.Thereisaneedtofundamentallyrethinkwastesortingbecause________.A.thesortingofwasteisworkingwellinsomeareasB.atransformativesystemchangeandglobalsustainabilityshouldbeconsideredC。thewesternrecyclingsystemdoesnotfitforthewholeworldD。peopleareconcernedaboutgreaterequity15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TointroduceWesternrecyclingsystems.B。Tocomparetworecyclingsystems.C。Topredictthechangeofecologicalsystem.D.Toadvocateamoresustainablewastesortingsystem.【答案】12。B13.C14.B15。D【解析】这是一篇说明文.文章讲述了，可持续的垃圾分类有助于人类回归生态社会.【12题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Wastesortingisacomplexphenomenonthatcanbeanimportantsteptowardaglobalcirculareconomy。”（垃圾分类是一个复杂的现象，可能是迈向全球循环经济的重要一步.）和第二段“Butsortingofwastecouldalsomeanparticipatinginanactivitythatgraduallyweakenssustainabledevelopmentbyallowingunsustainablecompaniestouserecyclingasawaytopretendtheyaresustainable.”（但垃圾分类也可能意味着参与一项活动，这项活动通过允许不可持续的公司利用回收来假装它们是可持续的，从而逐渐削弱可持续发展。），可知垃圾分类是一个复杂的现象,是因为它意味着经济并且可能是一种逐渐削弱可持续发展的活动.故选B项.【13题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的“Theincidentledtoanimportantmeeting,afterwhichmanycompaniesstartedincludingenvironmentalfactorsintheirriskassessment。”（这一事件导致了一次重要的会议，之后许多公司开始将环境因素纳入其风险评估。)，可知评估风险时包括环境因素。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Butatatimewhenwearelookingatatransformativesystemchangeandglobalsustainability，thereisaneedtofundamentallyrethinkwastesorting.”（但在我们看到变革性的系统变革和全球可持续发展之际,有必要从根本上重新思考垃圾分类。)，可知有必要从根本上重新思考垃圾分类，是因为应考虑变革性的制度变革和全球可持续性.故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题.由第一段“Wastesortingisacomplexphenomenonthatcanbeanimportantsteptowardaglobalcirculareconomy.Maybeitevenwillbesomethingwewilllookbackonasoneofthefirststepstowardanecologicalsociety."（垃圾分类是一个复杂的现象,可能是迈向全球循环经济的重要一步。也许它甚至会成为我们回首生态社会的第一步.),第三段中的“Theincidentledtoanimportantmeeting，afterwhichmanycompaniesstartedincludingenvironmentalfactorsintheirriskassessment。”(这一事件导致了一次重要的会议，之后许多公司开始将环境因素纳入其风险评估。)，第四段中的“Butatatimewhenwearelookingatatransformativesystemchangeandglobalsustainability，thereisaneedtofundamentallyrethinkwastesorting。"(但在我们看到变革性的系统变革和全球可持续发展之际,有必要从根本上重新思考垃圾分类。），第五段中的“Inordertoensurethis,weneedaresource—efficientcirculareconomy,andwastesortingcanplayakeyrole.Butthatshouldbeaverydifferentkindofwastesorting。”（为了确保这一点，我们需要一个资源节约型的循环经济，而垃圾分类可以发挥关键作用。但那应该是一种完全不同的垃圾分类.）和最后一段“Chinacouldinitiatethenextgenerationofwastesortingsystems。Suchawastesortingsystemwouldbeadriverforinnovationandextremeresourceefficiencyandatruesteptowardecologicalcivilization。”（中国可以启动下一代垃圾分类系统。这样的垃圾分类系统将是创新和极端资源效率的驱动力，是迈向生态文明的真正一步。），可知文章主要讲可持续的垃圾分类有助于人类回归生态社会，所以文章的目的在于提倡更可持续的垃圾分类系统。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.Ifyourfriendshipsaregoingtolastalongtime,yousimplyhavetoacceptthatthingswillalwayschange.Butneverfear.____16____。Hereisalittleoftheiradvice:Startwiththefriendshiptriangle.ShastaNelsonisafriendshipexpertwhogivesaconceptcalledthe“friendshiptriangle"。____17____。Anyway,thebaseispositivity，andtwosidesofthetriangleareconsistency（一致性）andvulnerability（脆弱性).Ifyourfriendshiphassomethingwrong，it’smucheasiertoseewhatisoffbalanceandadjustintime。Figureoutwhatyouvalue.AnotherhelpfultoolcomesfromRachelWilkersonMiller。WilkersonMillerrecommendslookingatfriendshipsthroughyourTME—time,moneyandenergy。“Thoseareyourmostvaluableresources，"shesays。“ThinkaboutwhereyourTMEisgoing，howyou’respendingitandwhoyou’regivingitto.”____18____Don’tbeafraidtoaskforthings。____19____。Beingdirectcanfeelawkward，butifyougetinthehabitofstatingyourneeds，youcanavoidapileofhatemuchlateron.“Askforexactlywhatyouneed，”Havrilesky，afamouswriter,says，“Sometimesitcanworklikemedicine.Soask!”____20____。Duringlonglife，yougothroughlotofdifferentversionsofyourself.Thatcanmeanthatsometimes,afriendisonlypresentforacertainchapter-andthatisOK。A。NoteveryfriendisgoingtobethereforeverB.WeoffersomeadvicefromexpertstoyoudealwiththeshiftsinyourfriendshipC。FriendshipislikeashiptocarryyougofurtherD.ThefriendshiptriangleismadeofthreeequallylongsidesE.Ifyouwastetheseresources,itmightbetimetoshifttherelationshipF.YoushouldgetcomfortableaskingforwhatyouneedG.Theexpertrecommendsbeingclearwhenyourfriendshipisnolongerthesame【答案】16.B17。D18。E19。F20。A【解析】这是一篇议论文.作者针对友谊可能会发生改变这一问题，给出了一些看法和建议。【16题详解】上文Ifyourfriendshipsaregoingtolastalongtime,yousimplyhavetoacceptthatthingswillalwayschange.Butneverfear.说如果你的友谊要持续很长一段时间，你只需要接受事情总是会变化的这一事实。但不要害怕.下文Hereisalittleoftheiradvice说以下是他们的一些建议。该空承上启下,说明面对这个问题时，一些建议可能会对你有所帮助，选项中的theshifts指代上文中的change，选项中的someadvice与下文中的alittleoftheiradvice相呼应.B选项“我们为你提供一些专家的建议，帮助你应对友谊中的变化”切题，故选B.【17题详解】上文ShastaNelsonisafriendshipexpertwhogivesaconceptcalledthe“friendshiptriangle”.说沙斯塔·纳尔逊是一位友谊专家，他提出了一个叫做“友谊三角形”的概念.下文Anyway,thebaseispositivity，andtwosidesofthetriangleareconsistency（一致性）andvulnerability说不管怎么说，底边是稳定的，三角的两边具有一致性和脆弱性。该空承上启下，进一步解释“友谊三角形”,D选项“友谊三角形由三条等长的边组成”，选项中的sides与下文中的sides相呼应。故选D。【18题详解】上文“Thoseareyourmostvaluableresources,”shesays。“ThinkaboutwhereyourTMEisgoing，howyou’respendingitandwhoyou'regivingitto。"说“这些是你最宝贵的资源,”她说，“想想你的时间都花在哪里了，你怎么花的，你把它给了谁。”该空承接上文，说明如果你没有考虑这些因素，可能造成的后果，E选项“如果你浪费了这些资源，可能是时候改变你们的关系了”切题，选项中的resources对应上文中的resources，故选E。【19题详解】本段标题是Don'tbeafraidtoaskforthings.（不要害怕提出要求)，下文Beingdirectcanfeelawkward,butifyougetinthehabitofstatingyourneeds,youcanavoidapileofhatemuchlateron.说直率可能会让人感到尴尬，但如果你养成了陈述自己需求的习惯，你就可以避免日后一大堆讨厌。该空承接标题，引出下文，说明你要坦白的表明自己的需求，F选项“你应该坦然地提出你需要的东西”切题，选项中的need对应下文中的needs,故选F。【20题详解】下文Duringlonglife，yougothroughlotofdifferentversionsofyourself.Thatcanmeanthatsometimes,afriendisonlypresentforacertainchapter-andthatisOK。说在漫长的一生中，你会经历很多不同版本的自己.这意味着有时候，朋友只会在某一章节出现——这也没关系。该空引出下文，说明朋友并非永恒不变的，A选项“不是每个朋友都能永远在那里”切题,故选A。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Sometimes,lifegivesyouthegiftofamomentthatchangeseverything。Forme,thatcameon____21____homeinJanuary，2009.Asa____22____,Ispecializedincorporatelawinoilandgasprojects。Actually,I’d____23____tohatemyjob。Itinvolvedtoomuchpaperworkandalotoftraveling，whichwasreally____24____forme。Becomingalawyerwasunintended。Ilovedmyschoolbutitwas____25____andstudentsweredestined(注定)forgooduniversityandthengraduateplan.ThatwasthetrackIwason。After____26____,Ibecamealawyer,butthatjustmademetrapped.Iwantedtomakea____27____,butIhadnoideawhatelseIcoulddo.Onthatlife—changingflight，Iaskedastewardesstobringmeahotdrink.Whenshe____28____,Icouldn’thelpcrying____29____me,shesaid,“Idon’tknowwhat'swrongbut____30____you’recryinginbusinessclass，youneedtochangeyourlife。"Those____31____hadagreateffectonme。Icouldn't____32____inajobthatmademesouncomfortable。Aftermuch____33____，Iresigned18monthslater.ThelasttimeI’dbeenhappywaswhenIwasvolunteeringataschool。____34____that，myfriendSophiakepttellingmeI'dloveteaching。ThenI____35____fourschoolsandbecameateacherintheend.Noamountofplanningwouldhavepreparedmeformyfirstdayasteacher.Itwas____36____,butasbecamefamiliarwiththecurriculum，Irelaxed.Fiveyearson，I’mheadofdepartment.Watchingmystudentsdevelopisso____37____andresultsdaymakesmeburstwithpride.Iusedtofeel____38____aboutthethoughtofbecomingamoreseniorlawyer,butI’msopositiveaboutthe____39____teachingcanoffer。IearnlessnowbutIbecome____40____inmanyways.Everysingleday，Ifeelexcitedtogotowork.21.A。train B。plane C.taxi D.ship22。A。teacher B.manager C.journalist D。lawyer23。A.grown B.refused C。regretted D.pretended24.A.necessary B.surprising C.exhausting D。dangerous25.A。boring B。unfair C.disappointing D。competitive26.A。school B。graduation C.work D。business27.A。difference B。plan C。schedule D.trip28.A。admitted B.returned C.apologized D。escaped29.A.Dragging B.Admiring C.Comforting D.Following30.A.if B。though C。unless D。before31。A.words B。gifts C。notes D。lessons32。A.giveup B。setoff C.showup D。carryon33.A.testing B.searching C。discussion D。consideration34。A.Butfor B.Apartfrom C.Becauseof D.Regardlessof35.A。attended B。contacted C。financed D。established36.A.urgent B.stressful C。annoying D.unforgivable37.A。helpful B。practical C.rewarding D。ridiculous38.A.excited B.proud C.scared D。confident39.A.arrangements B.courses C。instructions D.opportunities40。A.richer B。slower C。warmer D.smarter【答案】21。B22.D23。A24.C25.D26。B27。A28。B29.C30。A31。A32。D33.D34。C35.B36.B37.C38。C39。D40。A【解析】这是一篇记叙文.主要记叙了曾经是一名律师的作者，因为忍受不了律师工作的繁重和压力，经过深思熟虑后,选择辞职。最后成为了一名老师,作者觉得看到学生进步很有意义，成绩发布日让自己充满了骄傲.虽然挣得少了，但是在很多方面变得更富有了.【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：