交变电流教学教材

交变电流PPT三年级下册口算题大全97104三年级下册口算题大全97104

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英语技能大赛笔试模拟题2英语技能大赛笔试模拟题2

英语技能大赛笔试模拟题22015年全国职业院校技能大赛中职组职业英语技能赛选拔赛在线测评试题PartIListening听力（20%）SectionA(10%)Inthissection,youwillheartenshortdialoguesandquestions.TherearethreepicturesmarkedA,B,Cforeachquestion.Choosetheonethatbestanswersthequestion.Eachdialogueandquestionwillbereadjustonceandyouwillhave15secondsforeachquestion.(在本节中，你将听到10个段对话和相应的问题，每道题配有A、B、C三幅图片，选出与题目内容相符合的一幅图片。每个对话和题目读一遍，每题有15秒钟的作答时间。)WhatdidTanghuadolastweekend?A.B.C.2.WhatisJohnlookingfor??????????ABC3.WhatdidBenusetodoonweekends??????ABC4.HowdoesTomlearnEnglish?ABC5.HowdoesMr.Huanggotowork? ABC6.WhatdidTomdolastSaturday?A.B.C.WhatisMary?A.B.C.8.Whatwilltheboybuy?A.B.C.9.WhichdoesPeternotdoontheInternet?A.B.C.10.Whatwilltheboydonext?A.B.C.SectionB(5%)Inthissection,youwillhearadialogue.Afterthedialogue,fivequestionswillbeasked.TherearethreechoicesmarkedA,B,Cforeachquestion.Choosetheonethatbestanswersthequestion.Thedialogueandquestionswillbereadjustonceandyouwillhave15secondsforeachquestion.(在本节中，你将听到1段对话和5个相应的问题，每道题配有A、B、C三个选项，选出与题目内容相符合的一个答案。对话和每个问题读一遍，每题有15秒钟的作答时间。)11．Wheredidthewomanloseherbag?A.OnthebusB.inthetowncenterC.inheroffice12.Howmuchmoneywasinthebag?A.About￡50.???????B.About￡20.????????????C.About￡4013.Whatelsewasinthebag?A.Amobilephone.?????B.Awatch.??????????C.Acarkey14.Whattimedidthewomanloseherbag?A.Atabout9:30.??????B.Atabout12:00.???C.Atabout10:0015.Whatisthewoman'sphonenumber?A.3625091.????????????B.3602951.??????????C.6320591SectionC(5%)Inthissection,youwillhearadialogue.Afterthedialogue,arrangethefollowingactivities.(听对话，按照对话中的日程安排给下列活动排序。）a.hetookashowerb.hewasgoingbaldc.startedcuttinghishaird.Hespreadanewspapere.Itwastimeforahaircut1620Pleaseselectthecorrectsequence:__________________c--b--e--d--aB.e--b--d--c--aC.c--b--a--e--dD.b--a--d--e--cE.e--c--b--d--aPartⅡReading阅读（80%）SectionA(20%)Inthissection,youwillread20shortdialoguesorsentences.ChoosefromA,B,andCthechoicethatbestcompletesthedialogueorsentence.(在本节中，你将读到20个短对话或句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选出能够补全对话或句子的最恰当的选项。)（）21.ThisisSam.Icalledyoulastnight,buttherewasnoreply.IboughtsomethingformytriptoGuangzhou.A.MyplanewilltakeoffnextTuesday.B.I’llstaythereforaweek..C.Iwasshoppingatthattime.()22.IamwritingChapter3nowA.Whatdidyoudo?B.Whatareyouupto?C.Whathaveyouwritten?()23.ThenewCFOwassenttobringthecompanyoutofthered.

A.Thatgood!B.I’msorrytohearthat.C.Yourcompanyisgood!()24.Youhaveaheadache.Iwantto.ButIhavemanyworkstodo.A.Youneeddrinkmorewarmwater.B.Youneedhavesomemedicine.C.Youneedasickleavefortwodays.()25.Whyyoulooksosad?

Ijustheardthatsevenpeoplearegoingbelaidoffnextmonth.Iamonlyaregular9-to-5er.Irefusetoworkovertimeduringtheweekend.()26.YourT-shirtscaneasilyfindamarketintheeasternpartofourcountry.

A.Wearedoingasmuchaspossibletoopenupanoutlet.B.TheT-shirthasbeenabestsellerfornearlyoneyear.C.Thereisapoormarketforthesearticles.()27.Wehaveagreedonalltermsinthecontract.Shallwesignitnextweek?

A.Yes,wehaveagreedonallterms.B.Sorry!Ihavenotimeatnextweek.C.Thecontactisgoodforourcompany.()28.Willyouplease

repeat

it.

A.Ok,s-a-r-aSara.Areyouclear?B.Iamsorrytokeepyouwaiting.C.His

extension

numberis285.()29.Don'tyoueverlookatthemessagespostedonthebulletinboard?Yes,Theypostedacopyofthememointhebreak-room.B.I'msurethememonevergottomyin-box.C.Ididn’tfindthemessage.()30.Hello,Mr.Burton,thisisJennyJenkinsofBradfordandSonsreturningyourcall.

Hello,thisisBradfordandSons.Hello,mayIspeaktoJennyJenkins.YesMs.Jenkins,thankyouforreturningmycall.()31Whichofthefollowingsignscanbeseenonthedoorofashoppingmall?B.C.D.()32.LastmonthMrs.Blarespentthemostmoneyon________.A.vegetables B.bakery C.dairy()33.Tobuythemovietickets,wehavetopay_______.A.$1bookingfeeforeach B.$9foreach C.$17foreach()34._________can’tturnrightfrom5a.m.to9a.m.onweekdays.A.Cars B.Buses C.Residents()35.Parents’favoriteextracurricularcoursesfortheirkindergartenchildrenis________.A.Art B.Math C.English()36.Mrs.Lindahadorderedalotoffoods.Sheshouldspend________onthem.

()37Thispicturewarnspeoplenotto________whentheydrinkbeer.A.drive B.play C.buyacar()38.Thisadmeansthatyoumaygeta________ifyoudrinkthecola.A.prize B.cork C.bottle()39.TWhichofthefollowingistrue?A.Kaharaislookingforababysitter.B.KaharaisintheUpperHighwayArea.C.Kaharacharges$50perhourforchild’sparty.40.Thesigntellsyouthat_________.A.youcanleavefromhere B.youcangetinfromhereC.youcanenterfromhere

SectionB(10%)Inthissection,youwillread2dialogues.Foreachblank,choosefromA,B,C,DandEtheexpressionthatbestcompletesthedialogue.（在本节中，你将读到2段对话，从A，B，C，D，E五个选项中选出能够补全对话的最恰当的选项。）Dialogue1A.sufferfromB.nolongerC.balanceddietD.strictrulesE.essentialnutrients

A：Healthisveryimportantforourbody.Andhealthyfoodsplaysaveryimportantroleinit.So,whatdoyouthinkisahealthydiet?B：Ahealthydietshouldcontainallthe______41______.A：Howcouldpeopleeliminatefoodcontaminationnowadays?B：Thegovernmentshouldset_____42____andregulationstostandardizetheproductionoffoodandpunishseverelythoseviolators.A：Whydoesfoodcontaminationoccurfrequentlythesedays?B：Becausethefoodmanufacturesaresoobsessedwithmakingmoneythattheylosethebusinessethics.They_____43_____takefoodsafetyastheirpriority.A：Whydomanypeople_____44_____heartdiseaserecently?B：Isupposeitisbecausetheimprovedlivingconditionsprovidepeoplewithmorerefinedgrainandmeat.Consequently,peoplehaveanexcessiveamountoffatwhichleadstoheartdisease.A：What’syoureatinghabit?B：Ihavea_____45_____andIalwayshavemealsinaregularway.A：Howdoyoukeepfit?B：IamnotparticularaboutfoodandIoftendoexerciseaslongasIhavefreetime.Dialogue2A.effectmeasuresB.thewayoflifeC.enterintoD.theGreatDepressionE.developedcountries.

A:Weallknowthatinthepastcoupleofyears,thefinancialcrisisattractedtheworldwideattention,forit'stheworseeconomicrecessionsince_____46____inthe1930sandnocountryissparedfromthecurrentcrisis,ithadmoresevereeffectsonthe_____47_____.B:Ibelievethatit'sanaturelinkoftheeconomiccycle.Thereisnoreasondoubtthat,aftertherecession,recoveryandprosperitywouldcomefollow,andthenit_____48_____anothercycle.A:Asthesayinggoes:"Everycoinhasitstwosides."Somebodywentbankrupt,whilesomeotherpeopletakethechance.Forinstancemycousintaketheopportunityboughtasuiteroomwitharathercheapprice.B:Ofcourse,thegovernmentwouldtakesome_____49_____tomitigatetheimpactoftheeconomicandfinancialcrisis.A：Iknow.ItadvisestheAmericanchange_____50______.B：Doyouthinkwhatcausedthefinancialcrisis?A：Ithinkwecansumupthecauseofourcurrenteconomiccrisisinoneword—GREED.SectionC(10%)以下是五个人的旅游爱好，请匹配每个人拟选择的旅游项目：1.Jonnyiscrazyaboutplantsandanimalsindifferentpartsoftheworld.Hetravelsalotandeachsummerhegoestoadifferentplacetolearnaboutthelocalplantsandwildlife.2．LeoandhisfamilyhavealreadydonedifferentwatersportsinEuropeandsowanttotravelfurtherabroad.Theywouldliketotryanewsportandtheydon’tmindworkinghard.Theyarenotfreetotraveluntilthesummer.3.Ellenenjoysbeingnearwaterbutshedoesn’twanttodoanywatersportsandshedoesn’tlikethecold.Walkinglongdistancesisratherdifficultforher,butshelikesbeingoutsideandseeingwildlife.ShehasalreadybeentoHungary.ShecantravelatanytimebetweenNovemberandJanuary.4.AmyandEricareretiredbuttheyarestillveryactive.Theyenjoywalkingandlookingatscenery.TheywouldliketogosomewherecoolthissummerwhereAmycantakealotofphotos.5.Willisastudentofmarinebiology.Heisalsoaverygoodswimmerandanexperienceddiver.He’slookingforasummerholidaywherehecanlearnaboutanimalsandhelppeople.HewantstostayinEurope.SeakayakinginTurkeyEnjoybeautifulsceneryonTurkey’sTurquoiseCoast.Thewaterisclearandcalmwithtemperaturesof25o–28oinJulyandAugust.Youdon’tneedanypreviouskayakingexperiencetoenjoythistrip.However,youdoneedtobequitefit,asyouwillbeonthewaterfor4–6hoursaday.DivingholidaysinKenyaExperiencedivingandsailingintheIndianOceaninMarchandApril.Enjoywarm,clearwaterandwhite,sandybeaches.Spendallofyourstayononeofouryachts(游艇)withfirst-classserviceandexcellentfood.Exploreremoteandunspoiltreefs,andseeawonderfulrangof?underwater?sealife.C.?Swimming?with?dolphins?in?The?Azores?Islands,?PortugalWould?you?like?to?discover?the?underwater?world?of?the?dolphin??Join?us?in?July?or?August?in?the?clear?waters?around?the?Azores.?You?will?receive?training?from?expert?guides?to?gain?confidence?in?the?water?with?the?animals.?We?often?see?eight?different?species?of?dolphin?during?our?trips.?D.?Gulfoss?Waterfall?in?Iceland?Come?to?Iceland?in?summer?to?see?the?biggest?waterfall?in?Europe.?Gulfoss,?the?‘Golden?Waterfall’?is?a?truly?spectacular?sight.?The?water?from?the?River?Hvítá?and?water?from?glaciers?come?together?and?fall?32m?in?two?stages.?You?can?follow?a?path?quite?close?to?the?falls,?which?provides?wonderful?opportunities?for?photos?and?videos.?Warm?clothing?is?essential.?E.?Plitvice?Lakes,?Croatia?(克罗地亚)?Set?in?a?National?Park,?the?lakes?are?Croatia’s?most?popular?tourist?attraction.?The?beauty?of?the?region?comes?from?the?16?lakes,?waterfalls,?and?areas?of?woodland,?where?deer,?wolves?and?bearscan?be?found.?The?park?is?open?all?year.?There?are?several?walks?for?all?levels?of?fitness.?You?can?also?see?the?park?by?boat?or?bus.?F.?Lake?Balaton,?Hungary?If?you?enjoy?nature,?you?will?love?Lake?Balaton.?Much?of?the?area?around?the?lake?is?part?of?a?protected?National?Park.?We?have?expert?guides?with?knowledge?of?local?plants?and?animals.?That?will?take?you?on?long?walks?around?the?park.?The?marsh?area?of?the?lake?is?home?to?a?wide?number?of?bird?species.SectionD(40%)(阅读下面短文，请从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。）PassageOneIfyou’vebeenjoininginchatroomconversations,ortradinge-mailwithnetpals(网友),youhavebecomeoneofthemillionswhowriteinaspecial,shortformofEnglish.Throughouttheworld,everynightchildrenandtheireldersare“talking”online—manyofthemaretalkingatthesametime.It’sfast:tryingtalkingtosixpeopleonce.It’sconvenient:threeorfourwordsperexchange.Ittakescleverness,concentrationandquickfingers.Anditrequiresverysimplelanguage.There’sneithertimenorspaceforexplanations.WhywastevaluabletimetellingsixfriendsyouhavetoleaveforamomenttotakecareofyourlittlebrotherwhenBRB(=berightback)willdo?Wanttoenteraconversation?JusttypePMFJI(=pardonmeforjumpingin).Interestedinwhomyou’retalkingto?TypeA/S/L,thecommonrequesttoknowyourpal’sage,sexandlocation.Youmayget15/M/NYasareplyfromyourpal.Ifsomethingmakesyoulaugh,sayyou’reOTF(=onthefloor),orLOL(=laughingoutloud),orjointhetwointoROTFL(=rollingonthefloorlaughing).10Andwhenit’stimetogetbacktoworkorgotobed,youtypeGTG(=gottogo)orTTYL(=talktoyoulater).Peoplewanttowriteasfastaspossible,andtheywanttogettheirideasacrossasquicklyastheycan.Capitallettersareleftinthedust,exceptwhenexpressingfeeling,asittakesmoretimetoholddownthe“shift”keyandusecapitals.Punctuation(标点)isgoingtoo.6.Thepassagemainlytalksabout___________.A.howtosavemoneyonlineB.howtomakefriendsonlineC.howtousesimplelanguageonlineDWhatacomputercando7.Whenpeopleareonline,theytalkby______.A.usingbodylanguageB.drawingsomestrangepicturesC.makingphonecallsD.makinguseofanespeciallyshortformofEnglish8.Thesentence“There’sneithertimenorspaceforexplanations”meansthat________.A.peopleshouldusewordsproperlyB.peopleshouldknowwhattimeitiswhentheyaretalkingC.peopleonlinehavetoexpressthemselvesinasimplewayD.peopleshouldcommunicateinafunnyway9.Ifyouget17/F/NYasananswertoyourA/S/L,itmeans_________.A.thepeopleontheotherendis17fromNewYorkandheisfineB.youaretalkingtoagirlwhois17andlivesinNewYorkC.youaretalkingto17girlswhoarefromNewYorkD.thepeopleyouaretalkingtoisa17-foottallNewYorkgirl10.Whichofthefollowingisawaytosaveonlinetime?___________.A.Peopleseldomusecapitallettersorpunctuationmarks.B.Manypeopledrawpictures.C.PeopleexpressthemselvesinasimplewayD.NopeopledrawpicturesPassageTwoComputersareveryimportanttomodernlife．Manypeoplethinkthatinthefuturecomputerswillbeusedinlotsofeverydaylife．Itisthoughtthatwewon’thavetogoshoppingbecausewewillbeabletogetmostthingswhicharesoldinshopsontheInternet．Therewillbenomorebooksbecausewewillbeabletogetalltextsfromcomputers．TheInternetwillbeusedtoplaygames,seefilmsandbuyfood．Mosttelephonecallswillbemadebycomputers,too．Somepeoplearegladaboutthosenewwaysofshoppingandcommunicating．Othersdonotthinkthatcomputerswillreplaceouroldways．Somepeoplethinkthatonedaywewillnotreadbooksmadeofpaper.Instead,wewillbuyandreadbooksusingcomputers,whichwillkeepmanydifferentbooksinthematthesametime．Wewon’tneedtoturnlotsofpagesandpaperwillbesaved．Computerizedbookswillbeusedmoreandmore．Whilemanypeoplesayitisapleasuretogointoshopsandlookatthingsyouwanttobuy．Itisalsounlikelythatmanypeoplewillwanttoreadlargetextsonourcomputers.Becausepaperbookswillperhapsbemorefriendly．Maybecomputerswon’tchangethesetwohabits．1.Whichisthemainideaofthispassage?_________.A.PeoplelikegoingshoppingB.ReadingbooksisimportantC.ComputersareimportantD.Computercanbeusedtoplaygames12.Therewillbenomorebooksbecause________.A.Thereisnopaperinthefuture.B.Peopledon’tlikereadingbooks.C.Theyareveryexpensive.D.Wecanreadpassagesfromcomputers.13.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?__________.A.Wecanseefilmsbycomputers.B.Peopleallliketogoshoppingbycomputers.C.Wecan’tbuyanythingusingcomputers.D.Allthepeoplelikereadingbooksfromcomputers.14.Whichofthefollowingismentioned(提到)inthepassage?___________.A.Computerscanhelpuse-mailourfriends.B.Wecanchatbyusingcomputers.C.Computerscanhelpusmaketelephonecalls.D.Wecanlistentothemusicbycomputers.15.Theunderlinedword“communicating(inPara.2)refersto“_________”.A.?buying?goodsB.?exchanging?ideas???C.?taking?exercise???D.?playing?games?PassageThreeAn?Earthship?is?a?home?that?is?built?of?materials?such?as?old?tires?and?aluminum?cans.?It?is?the?ideaof?a?man?named?Michael?Reynolds.?Many?Earthships?are?more?or?less?self-sufficient?because?they?provide?their?own?heat,?air?and?water.?They?often?have?gardens?watered?and?fed?by?wastewater.?They?are?comfortable?and?ecologically?friendly.?The?main?material?used?in?building?Earthships?is?tires.?Tires?are?plentiful?and?can't?be?recycled?like?paper,?plastic,?and?metal.?While?building?supplies?for?most?houses?can?be?very?expensive,?old?used?tires?are?free.?First,?the?tires?are?packed?tightly?with?dirt.?Each?full?tire?weighs?as?much?as?400?pounds.?The?tires?are?then?stacked?like?bricks.?The?walls?are?extremely?strong.?They?also?help?keep?an?even?temperature?in?the?house?(between?60?and?70?degrees)?without?heating?and?cooling?systems.?The?walls?inside?the?Earthship?are?made?of?aluminum?cans?that?are?held?together?by?cement.?Then?they?are?coated?with?adobe?or?stucco.?The?roofs?of?Earthships?are?sloped?so?that?rain?and?snow?run?into?large?tanks.?These?tanks?hold?all?the?water?for?the?house,?and?pumps?push?the?water?through?the?pipes.?Sometimes,?water?flows?in?certain?areas?of?the?house?as?waterfalls!Water?that?has?been?used?is?pumped?out?into?the?gardens?where?owners?grow?much?of?their?own?food.?In?most?of?these?houses,?the?southern?side?has?huge?windows?that?take?in?winter?sunlight?as?a?source?of?heat.?Summer?sun?does?not?come?in?through?the?south?windows,?so?it?doesn't?get?too?hot?in?the?summer.?The?house?also?has?solar?panels?that?gather?energy?for?lights?and?hot?water?and?cooking.?The?Earthships?have?all?the?comforts?of?a?regular?house?without?the?high?cost?of?electric?bills!?In?a?time?when?we?are?running?out?of?energy?resources,?pollution?is?bad,?and?waste?is?piling?up,?Earthships?are?the?best?places?to?live?in.?For?people?who?truly?care?about?the?environment,?Earthships?provide?a?great?alternative?to?traditional?houses.?You?won't?be?giving?up?any?comforts,?and?the?styles?are?attractive.?We?all?hope?that?more?and?more?people?will?build?Earthships?and?take?a?huge?step?toward?helping?the?environment?and?saving?our?planet.16.?What?is?the?main?idea?of?this?passage??A.?Earthships?are?a?good?way?to?live?and?protect?the?environment.????B.?Tanks?hold?water?collected?from?rain?and?snow.?C.?It's?important?to?grow?your?own?food?in?a?vegetable?garden.?????D.?People?who?live?in?Earthships?usually?live?in?the?desert.?17.What?does?the?underlined?word?“They”?in?Paragraph?2?refer?to?A.?Earthships.?????????B.?Tires.???????????????C.?Bricks.????????D.?Walls.?18.?Which?sentence?states?an?opinion??A.?Earthships?are?made?out?of?tires?and?cans.?????B.?Tanks?collect?water?for?use?in?Earthships.?????C.?Earthships?can?help?save?our?planet.???D.?Tires?can't?be?recycled?but?bottles?and?paper?can.?19.?Which?evidence?best?supports?the?idea?that?Earthships?are?environmentally?friendly??????A.?They?were?invented?by?Michael?Reynolds.???B.?Water?that?has?been?used?is?pumped?out?into?the?garden.?C.?Summer?sun?does?not?come?in?through?the?south?windows.?????D.?This?saying?is?becoming?a?reality.?20.?Which?statement?is?an?example?of?propaganda?(宣传)?A.?The?house?also?has?solar?panels?that?gather?energy?for?lights?and?hot?water.???B.?Earthships?provide?a?great?advantage?over?traditional?houses.?????C.?The?walls?are?then?coated?with?adobe?or?stucco.?D.?The?construction?of?houses?made?of?recycled?materials?has?been?growing.PassageFourMiss?Zhao?is?one?of?the?popular?teachers?in?the?school.?Yesterday?morning?she?came?into?the?class?as?usual.??There?was?a?big?smile?on?her?face.???“Well?done,?everyone.”?She?smiled.?“Class?3?did?very?well?in?the?school?sports?meeting?last?week.??I?was?glad?when?the?boys?won?the?relay?race.??Congratulations.??The?girls?did?very?well?too.”?“By?the?way,?I?came?into?the?classroom?last?Friday,?and?it?was?not?as?clean?as?usual.?I’m?afraid?some?people?forgot?to?sweep?the?floor.?There?was?no?excuse?—?we?have?new?brooms.??Will?you?please?sweep?the?floor?every?day?”?“Yes,?Miss?Zhao,”?answered?the?students.?“Now?who?is?on?duty?today?”?“I?am,?Miss?Zhao,”?said?Wei?Hua.?“Today?is?Wednesday,?September?19th.??Everyone?is?at?school?today.?The?weather?today?is?rather?wet.?The?radio?says?that?it?may?stop?raining?later.?Last?Sunday?we?had?a?picnic.?We?visited?the?Great?Wall.?We?went?there?by?bus.?We?all?took?some?food?and?drink?with?us.”???“We?had?a?very?nice?time.?Luckily?the?weather?was?not?so?wet?as?it?is?today.??We?had?a?long?walk?along?the?Wall.?Later,?we?ate?our?picnic?under?some?trees.??Then?we?played?some?games.”????????“Well?done,?Wei?Hua.?Thank?you,”?said?Miss?Zhao.?“I?think?it’s?time?for?us?to?start?the?lesson.”?21.Why?was?there?a?big?smile?on?Miss?zhao’s?face?yesterday??A.Class?3?did?very?well?in?the?sports?meeting.???B.???They?had?new?brooms?in?the?classroom.????C.???The?students?had?a?picnic?with?her.?D.???Wei?Hua?gave?a?good?report.??22.?Why?did?the?students?forget?to?sweep?the?floor????A.??They?were?busy?with?the?sports?meeting.??B.??They?had?no?new?brooms.??C.??They?went?to?visit?the?Great?Wall.????D.??They?won?the?relay?race?that?day.??23.?What?did?the?students?do?last?Sunday??A.??They?held?a?sports?meeting.??B.?They?cleaned?the?classroom?C.??They?had?a?picnic.????D.They?helped?Granny?with?the?housework.?24.?When?did?Wei?Hua?give?the?report??A.?On?Monday????B.?On?Tuesday??C.?On?Wednesday??D.?On?Thursday??25.?Put?the?following?sentences?in?the?right?order?according?to?the?matters.?(根据事件发生的先后顺序排列)?a.Miss?Zhao?came?in?and?found?the?classroom?dirty?(脏的)????????b.?She?praised?(表扬)?Class?3?doing?well?in?the?sports?meeting.?c.?The?students?of?Class?3?had?a?picnic?on?the?Great?Wall.?d.?The?students?had?a?sports?meeting?at?school.?A.?a—b—c—d????B.?d—c—a—b??C.?a—d—c—b???D.?d—a—c—b

教育原理复习资料教育原理复习资料

/教育原理复习资料教育原理复习资料知识点：1、教育学是研究人类教育现象、揭示教育规律的一门科学；2、教育现象指人类各种教育活动的外在表现形式；教育现象有三个规定：（1）教育现象是一种可以感知、可以认识的古今中外已经存在或正在存在于现实中的存在物；（2）教育现象是教育实践的表现物，或正在从事着的教育实践，它包括各种形式、各种类型、各种模式的教育事实、教育活动、教育问题、教育理论研究等；（3）教育现象是以教与学为主体形式的客观存在，不以教与学为主体形式的活动便不能称之为教育活动，与之相应，也就不能称其为教育现象。3、人类的教育活动发展至今，有各种各样的外在形式：概括地说，可以从两个角度加以说明，从纵向上看，有落后、原始的教育现象，有以四大文明古国为核心的古代教育现象；从横向上看，教育的基本形态有：（1）学校教育，即在学校中进行的各级各类教育；（2）家庭教育，即家庭成员之间的相互教育，通常多指父母或其他年长者对儿女辈进行的教育；（3）社会教育，广义的指旨在有意识地培养人，有益于人的身心发展的社会活动。狭义的指家庭和学校以外的社会文化教育机构实施的教育。（4）自我教育，指人们自我组织的自学活动以及处省、自修行为；（5）自然形态的教育，指渗透在生产、生活过程中的口授传生产、生活经验的现象。4、教育规律是教育现象与其他社会现象及教育现象内部各个要素之间本质的、内在的、必然的联系或关系。5、教育矛盾：从根本上看，贯穿教育活动的基本矛盾、基本规律是：教育与社会发展之间的矛盾或关系，教育与人的身心发展之间的矛盾或关系。6、教育科学是以教育现象和教育规律为共同研究对象的各门教育学科的总称，是若干个教育类学科构成的学科总体。7、反映古代教育思想的代表性著作生产首先是孔子教育思想观点的《论语》，如“不愤不启，不悱不发”、“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”、“学而时习之”8、战国晚期乐正克—《学记》，不仅是中国古代也是世界上最早的一篇专门论教育、教学问题的论著，有人认为它是“教育学的雏形”。9、柏拉国《理想国》，提出了一个比较系统的教育制度，规定了不同阶级的人不同的教育内容；昆体良《雄辩术原理》，比较系统地论述了有关儿童教育的问题，被称为第一本研究教学法的书；亚里士多德是最早提出教育要适应儿童的年龄阶段，进行德智体多方面和谐发展教育的教育思想家。10、1623年英国哲学家培要首次在科学分类中将教育学作为一门独立的学科划分出来。11、捷克民主主义教育家夸美纽斯-《大教学论》，是教育学成为一门独立学科的标志。12、19世纪，德国教育家赫尔巴特于1806年出版《普通教育学》，视为“科学教育学”形式的标志，把他的思想视为传统教育派的代表。13、19世纪末20世初，美国出现了以实用主义教育家杜威为代表队的进步教育运动，共同特点是反对传统的老师中心、教材中心，课堂中心，主张学生中心，强调儿童学习的独立性和创造性，教育与社会生活的联系等。14、马克思主义的诞生是人类思想史上的一次革命，特别是在社会科学方面，开创了思想发展史上的新纪元。克鲁普斯卡（前苏联）《国民教育和民主主义》，被认为是用马克思主义观点阐述教育学和教育史的第一本书。15、蔡培元提倡“思想自由，兼容并包”，使北大成为高等学府；16、陶行知《中国教育改造》，主张“生活教育”；17、布卢姆认为完整的教育目标分类学应当包括三个主要部分：一是认知领域；二是情感领域；三是动作技能领域；18、教育学在中国成为一门独立的学科，是从清末“废科举，兴学校”西方资产阶级教育学输入以后才开始的。19、教育原理的理论功能：一、解释教育实践；二、指导教育实践；三、推动教育改革；20、教育理论与教育实践经验也是既有联系又有区别的：教育理论是教育实践经验的科学总结，教育实践经验是教育理论的源泉；但是教育经验还不能等同于教育理论，只有将经验上升为理论，才能认识教育现象内在的、本质的、必然的联系。21、教育理论对教育实践的解释和说明集中体现在它可以回答或者说它能够回答三个基本问题：是什么，为什么，怎么样。22、教育改革是人们有计划、有目的地变革现存的教育活动，它是一种特殊的教育实践。23、教育理论对教育改革的推动作用，主要体现在三个方面：第一，用“理性尺度”评价现实，揭露现存教育中的种种弊端，使人们认清现存教育中存在的不合理因素；第二，对未来教育进行预测、设计、规划，从对现存教育的评价中和对未来社会发展的分析中提出未来教育的目标、内容、方法、制度、形式等，指导教育改革的方向；第三，靠理论创造的舆论力量，呼唤社会，尤其是教育界投身教育改革，使教育工作者具有参与教育改革的自觉性、热情和必胜的信心。24、掌握教育规律的重要意义：（一）掌握马克思主义教育理论，树立科学的教育观；（二）掌握教育工作规律，不断提高教育质量；（三）在教育理论指导下，不断总结经验，探索规律；（四）教育原理可为继续学习教学原理、德育原理、学校管理学等学科提供坚实的理论根基，具有深化和奠基的作用。25、学习和研究教育原理的方