室内设计装饰材料电子教案

室内设计装饰材料质检人员检验误差的特点及防止措施质检人员检验误差的特点及防止措施

/质检人员检验误差的特点及防止措施质检人员检验误差的特点及防止措施

在质量检验过程中，由于影响检验质量的因素很多，但是根据国外调查研究表明，其中检验人员的检验误差占绝大部分，使得检验质量特性缺陷的准备性为?80％，也就是说，检验人员一般仅能挑出实际缺陷的80％，而漏掉了其余的20％，鉴于这样，企业应在提高全面经济效益的同时，千万不可忽视检验人员的检验误差引起的质量损失。对质量检验工作的现状进行调查分析，提出切实可行的改进措施，?把好产品质量关，以提高质量检验工作的有效性。?

一、检验误差的概念?

1．?真值（Y）：被测量（可以是几何量，也可以是其他物理量）的真实值。?

2．检验误差：被测量的测得值与被测量真值之差。即定义为△Y＝y-Y?

△Y为检验误差:y为检验测得值?

*任何检验都不能检验出真值，?因为检验误差不可避免。

*几何量的测量准确度常用绝对误差表示，电子量用相对误差。?

3．产生检验误差的因素?

（l）测量器具的固有误差?

（2）测量标准带来的误差于?

（3）被测对象本身造成的误差?

（4）?环境因素影响的误差?

（5）测量方法引入的误差?

（6）操作者的人为过失误差?

二、检验人员产生检验误差的特点以及防止措施?

检验人员的检验误差主要是错检和漏检。其产生的种类有：?

1．技术性误差2．粗心大意误差3．程序性误差4．明知故犯误差?

技术性误差?

首先检验人员的技术性误差可用四种方法来发现?

1．复核检验：由技术水平较高的检验员来复检其他检验人员已检过的合格品。?

2．循环检验：对同一件产品先后有几个检验员各自进行检验，看谁发现的缺陷多。?

3．重复检验：由检验人员对本人已检过的产品再检验一次，（不告诉他先前检验的结果）、二次检验结果是否?一致。?

4．建立标准样品：把标准样品排列在被检的产品一起作比较。?

（－）什么叫做技术性误差

所谓技术性误差，是指检验人员缺乏判断产品合格与否的能力、技能和技术知识而造成的误差。?

（二）技术性误差的特点是：?

1．非有意的。2．一贯性、不可避免的。这是由于检验人员缺乏技术能力造成的，如检验技术不熟练；不会正确使用量、器具；或看不懂图纸；或没有工作经验和技巧（通常所称的诀窍）。3．特殊性。检验人员有生理缺陷，?如色盲、视力过低等。?

（三）防止技术性误差的措施。?

技术性误差是可以防止的，其主要措施有：?

1．进行技术培训。内容可包括基本知识和操作技能的方面，同时应注意让他们了解和掌握与新的标准相适应的新的检测技术，实现知识与技能的不断更新。?

2．总结、推广误差较少的检验人员的经验和技巧，对所出现的错检，漏检及时分析原因，吸取教训，引以为戒。?

3．对有生理缺陷等不宜做检验工作的人，应另行分配做其他适当工作。?

4．对检验人员、竞争上岗。进行应知、应会考核，以及错、漏检率的考核，?或持证上岗。?

粗心大意误差?

（一）什么叫做粗心大意误差?

所谓粗心大意误差，顾名思义是?一种由于检验人员粗心大意而造成的差错。?

（二）粗心大意造成误差的特点是：?

1．非有意的。检验人员不希望产生误差。2．不知不觉的。检验人员往往没有意识到自己，正在或已经造成误差。3．不可预测的。误差的类型、时间、人员、原因都表现出随机性。?

（三）防止粗心大意误差的措施?

1．进行工作调整。特别是对于需要保持注意力高度集中的复杂检验项目，检验人员工作时间一长，因疲劳容易发生误差。因此，要定时休息或者轮换去检验较简单的工作等。?

2．采用先进的自动化检测仪器，以弥补检验人员感觉器官、鉴别能力的缺陷，提高鉴别能力。?

3．建立标准样品。采用比较法。即提供一个实物标准品，作为判断产品质量的依据。如：有的厂把国内外的先进产品或零部件作样品，进行对比检验，?都可以大大提高质量检验的准确性。?

4．简化检验操作，如在判断尺寸大小或位置时，可提供样板、卡板或塞规等。?

5．产品的重新设计。有些情况下，?产品设计会使检验工作难于开展或对检验人员增加了不必要的负担，在这种情况下，产品的重新设计将有助于减少检验人员的误差以及操作工的误差。?

总之，防止粗心大意误差的原则是使检验人员能够较好地保持自己的注意力，减少质量检验对人注意力的依赖程度。?

程序性误差?

除了由于粗心大意而未能检出缺陷以外，还有一种叫做程序性误差。这是由于程序或管理制度不健全造成的。如，运送出未经检验的产品；或者甚至送出被剔除的产品；不合格的半成品流入下道工序；不同批号、不同规格甚至不同品种的产品混装出厂等等，对这样的差错，只要通过严格管理，建立健全工作程序使之减少到最低限度。其措施有：?

1．检验人员对检验过的产品必须按规定做好标记、采取分区堆放。各工序的搬运人员应会识别标记，按规定线路搬运，不般运无标记的制品。?

2．制造部门在更换品种（或不同规格）时，应做好场地清理工作，检验?人员对清场工作同样要进行检查验收，经确认合格后，转入另一种规格或品种的生产。?

明知故犯误差?

明知故犯的误差是检验人员在各种各样的压力之下，放弃原则而造成的误差。其原因是错综复杂的，可能是由管理部门引起的，也可能由检验人员本身引起的，或者是多方原因引起的。?

（一）管理上引起的误差?

以下几种形式，都是导致检验人员明知故犯误差的原因。?

1．不坚持原则。检验人员屈服于生产部门或操作人员重产量、赶进度（赶工期）、轻质量，对检出的不合格品请求放行的压力；或为了切身利益，不汇报、不干涉、甚至回避此事。?

2．对检验人员反映的正确意见和要求，管理部门因某些原因，不理不睬，不支持。与检验人员反映质量标准或工位器具不合理，测试设备不健全等问题得不到明确答复时，检验人员限于条件、无奈了事。?

3．领导的欺骗行为。某经理、厂长为了达到某种目的而需在质量上作假时，有的检验人员为了迎合、讨好领导自愿参与，也有的怕不参与将遭打击报复，从而被动参与了弄虚作假行为。?

（二）检验人员本身引起的误差?

1．工作马虎，不负责任。有的检验人员利用由于领导不重视检验工作，?因此工作时漫不经心，产品是否合格，?心中根本无数，检验制品只是过个手，?盖了检验合格章放行了事。?

2．对质量认识不足，私自放宽检验标准。对小毛病认为超差一点不会出现大问题；或者是上一次超差比这次还多，有关领导照样同意处理，而且用户也没退货，甚至为此讨好领导等。?

3．讲义气，和为贵，不轻易得罪人。与同事相处多年了，低头不见抬头见，和和气气关系好，犯不着得罪人；?或者同事说上几句好听的，因而这次破例，下不为例，也就过关。?

4．偷工作弊。私自减少抽检数量；?一次检验不合格，因怕费事，不作再次抽检或全数检验，对脏、累的检验工作马虎从事，造?成检验数据不可靠。?

（三）防止明知故犯误差的措施

1．加强“质量第一”思想教育和职业道德教育，以增强检验人员的质量意识。?

2．企业领导以身作则。从管理上消除引起明知故犯误差的弊端。

3．明确检验人员责任。明确每个检验人员的工号，并在检验过的制品上或检验记录上打印、签字，以示负责，保证质量的可跟踪性。?

4．采用复核检验的方法，定期进行质量检验审核，查出欺骗行为时要给予严肃处理。对敢于坚持原则，如实反映质量情况的检验人员则应给予表彰和奖励。

5．选用经证明是作风正派，能坚持原则的人员从事检验工作，对弄虚作假的检验人员应调离岗位。?

以上所述，在检验过程中作为人的因素，检验人员造成了大部分的检验误差。不言而喻，要想真正做好检验工作，把总的检验误差减至最小，必须要在防止检验人员的检验误差的同时，尤其要重视造成检验误差的这些原因，才能取得更好的效果。

英语短文改错30篇_附答案英语短文改错30篇_附答案

/英语短文改错30篇_附答案改错一Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.Sheisourmonitorandoneoftheexcellentstudentinourclass.Althoughsheisclever,butsheworksveryhard.Wehavealotoncommonandhavealottotalkabout.Oneeveningshe toldmethatsomethinghappenedwhenherparentswasout.ShewasdoingherhomeworksoneSundaymorningwhenshesmeltsomethingburning.Shestoppedlookoutofthewindowandfindacloudofsmokecomingoutofherneighbour’shouse.Shecalled119immediate.Tenminuteslater,thefiremencameandputoutfire.Herneighbourwasverythankfulforherhelp.改错二Iwenttoseethefilmaftersupper.Onmywaythecinema,ImetanEnglishwoman,wholostherway.Igaveupthechanceseethefilmandtookhertoherhotel.Whilegothere,Itoldheraboutgreatchangesthathadbeentakenplaceinthepastfewyearsandshehadtoldmeanythingabouthercountry. AlthoughImissedthefilm,Istillfeltveryhappy,forIhadnotonlyhelpedheroutoftroublebutpractisemyspokenEnglish.IfIhadnotworkedhardonEnglish,Iwouldhavebeenabletohelphim. 改错三DearRalph,I'maseniorstudent.I'mgettingwellwithaboyinmyclass.ButIhavefalleninlovewithhimforalmosthalfayear.Heisshyboy,soIwrotehimaletterfirst toexpressmyfeeling.Hewroteback.Inhisletter hesaid,"Wearestudents.Ourtaskisstudyhard.Letustowaitandseewhetherwehavesomechanceaftergraduation."SoaftergraduationItelephonedtohim,askhimaboutgoingout.Buthesaidhedidn'twantto.HejustwantedtosleepandwatchedTV. WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddo?DoyouthinkIshouldcontinuetolovehimandgiveup? 改错四DearBob,Hello.IlearnaboutyoufrommyEnglishteacher,MissFang.I’dliketoyourpenfriend,andgettoknowmoreaboutyourcountry.First,letmetellyousomethingmoreaboutmyself.MynameisLiHua.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.IgotoHongqiMiddleSchool.Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,Chinese,Englishandphysics.Iusetoplayping-pongalotonmysparetime,butnowIaminterestinginfootball.Doyouplayanyballgames?Whatyourfavoritesport?Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.Yours,LiHua改错五Twomonthsago,Iwenttoabroadforfurtherstudy.BeforeIleft,Iwasgivenalotpresent.Amongthem，thereweretwopresentswhichwerereallyinterestedme.Mysisterbuysmeabookwithcolorpicturesaboutbodylanguageandwithwordsaboutcustomsofdifferentcountryinthem.Mybrothergavemeanotewhichread,“Mypresenthasputinyourbedroom.”WhenIhurriedintomybedroom,Ifoundabox,inthattherewasanelectronicdictionary.Iwasverygladbutafewsurprisedtoreceivethesetwopresents.改错六DearLiMing,Ihavereceivedyourletteryesterday.Don’tworryaboutyou.I’mgettingalongwellwithmyresearchworksinthelab.But,tomysurprising,yousayyouwillgiveuplearnEnglish.Thereasonisthatyouhavenotdonewellinitrecentlyandyouhavelostinteresting.I’mafraidIcan’tagreewithyou.IknowitisnoteasytolearnEnglish,andEnglishiswidelyusedintheworldtodayanditwillbeimportanttoolinyourfuturework.Besides,itisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantatourdailylife.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillsucceed.Dorememberwhereisawill,thereisaway.改错七DearSally,NowI’dliketotellyousomethingaboutmypart-timejob,initIworklikeaguideinatravelagency.ThisisthefirsttimewhenIhaveearnedmoney.I’verealizedwhathardmyparentsworktosupportforthefamily.Iwasusedtoaskthemformoney,butnowI’llneverwastemoneyorlearntoshareworrywithmyparents.I’velearnthowtogetalongwellwithother.What’smore,IhavegainedsomesocialexperienceandIhavelearntsomethingcan’tbelearntfromtextbooks.Intheword,Ihadawonderfullyandvaluablesummervacation.改错八Sportsisfunandmostpeopleintheworld,whethermenorwoman,boysorgirlsenjoythem.Sincelongago,manyadultsandchildrencalledtheirfriendstogethertospendmanyhoursplaygames.Why?Oneofthereasonsisthatsportshelpmakethemlivehappy.Intheotherwords,theyhelptokeeppeoplestrongandfeelinggood.Whentheywereplayinggames,theymovealot.Thatiswhysportsaregoodactivitiesfortheirhealthy.Havingfunwiththeirfriendsmakethemhappy.Manypeopleenjoysportswithwatchingothersplay.No.9IwenttotheSummerPalaceonlastweek.AtthegateIhappenedtomeetsomeAmericatourists.IgreetedhiminEnglishandthenwebegantochat.IgottoknowthattheywerecollegestudentstravelinChina.Theywerebusywithtakingpicturesandweremuchimpressedwiththechangeshadtakenplaceinthepastfewyears.Afterwhich,wewentboatingonalakeandhadagoodtime.Weexchangedouremailaddresssothatwecouldwritetoeachotheronthefuture.Theythankedmeagainandagain.IwasverygladtohaveachancetopractisingmyoralEnglishNo.10Myclassmateexceptmewereinhighspirits.AtthecomingpartyIwouldhavetodosomecleanings,forIwasn’tabletodanceandsing.Duringtheparty,Itriedtokeeptheroombeingclean.AfterthepartyIgotridtherubbish.Enjoyingmyclassmates’smilingfaces,Ifelttheirjobworthwhile.WhentoldtheroomwillhavebeenadustbinwithoutmeIthoughtofasaying,"Theremusthaveauseformytalent."Youmayhavenospecialtalent,soaslongasyoutrytodogoodineverythinguseful,you’llfindeverythingisbeautifulateverycornerofyourlife.No.11Recently,wehavehadadiscussingaboutifweshouldstudybydiscussinginfreeclass.Viewsvaryfrompersonstoperson.Mostofthestudentsconsiderthatitisofgreatlyhelpstudyingbydiscussinginfreeclass,that,theythink,canhelptofindbetterwaystosolveproblems.Whatismuch,theybelievethattheylearnbydiscussingcanlastlongerintheirmemories.However,thereare35percentsofthestudentsholdingtheoppositeviewitisnotgood.Theyinsistthatdiscussingmeanlackingthinkingandtheloudnoisesiscausedbyitwilldisturbothers.No.12Ourschoolliesonthefootofamountainwithasmallriverpassesby.Itusedtobeaquiet,cleanandbeautifulplaceforaschool.Itisapitywhichthingshavechangedafterachemicalfactorywasbuiltnearourschooloneyearago.Everydaythefactoryproducesmanywastewaterandsomeharmfulgases.Theterriblypollutionisharmfultoourhealth.What’sbad,thegreatnoisefromthefactoryhadabadeffectonouractivities.Asaresult,ourschoolisnolongerwhatitusedto.Ourteachersandstudentsaremiserablebeyondthedescription.No.13NowI’dliketotellyousomethingtookplaceinmyschoolyesterday.Intheafternoonweareallheldtogetherforour18-years-oldbirthday.Atthefirstwepromisedthatlikegrown-upsweshouldberesponsibleforoursociety.Thenweexpressedthanktoourparentswhoexperiencedhardshipstobringusupandourteacherswhoeducatedusheartorsoul.Andourteachersalsogavetouscardsexpressingourgoodcongratulationsandwishestous.Finally,weputonwonderfullyperformances.No.14Inthecountrynow,therearemanychildrendonotattendtheschool.Ithinkoneofthereasonsisthattheirfamiliesareverypoortosendthemtoschool.Theyhadtostayathometomakemoneytosupporttheirfamilies.Otherreasonisthatmanyparentsthinkituselessofthegirlstostudyandtheydonotlikethemtogotoschool.Athirdreasoniswhatsomechildrenarenotinterestingintheirlessons.Inmyopinion,allchildren,includedgirls,havethechancetoreceiveeducation.Everybodyshouldpayattentionfortheeducationofthechildren.No.15Itisknowntous,aseveretusnamioccurredintheIndianOceaninDecember26,2004.It’sreportedthatmorethan10countriesweresufferedfromthedisaster.Butitcausedmorethan200,000deathsandleftmillionofpeoplehomeless.Countlesshousesandschoolshavedestroyed.Justimaginehowthestudentshereneedhelp.Schoolsshouldberebuiltsothattheycouldreturntoclassessoon.HeretheStudentUnioncallsforeveryonetodosomethingforthem.We’llhaveavoluntarycontributionthisweek.Let’sgiveawayourpocket’smoney.No.16TheGuangmingMiddleSchoolisinwestofthecity,withtheChengxiRiverrunnearby.Whenyouentertheschool,youcanseeabigflowerbedinthefrontofyou,andtwolargebuildingsonbothside:thelibraryonyourrightandtheteachbuildingonyourleft.Walkonfurther,andyouwillfindthesportsbuilding.Behindwhich,therearetwobasketballcourts.Onthenorthofthemisthesportsground.Onit’seastsidestandtwobuildings:thedininghall,orthedormitory.Allthebuildingsoftheschoolissurroundedbybushesandflowers.No.17Onemorning,Mrs.Smith’sdogwashunger.Shetookoutapieceofpaper,thatread,“Giveithalfapoundofmeat.”Thenshegaveittothedogsaying“Bringittothebutcher’s.”Thedogranhereandgavethepapertothebutcher.Hereaditanddid.Soon,thedogcameagainandgavehimotherpieceofpaper.Withoutlooking,hedidsooncemore.Twohourslateitcameagain.HewanderedwhyMrs.Smithgaveitsomuchmeat.Hereadthepaperandfoundouttherewasnotasinglewordonit.Whatacleverdogitwas!No.18Mr.Chenhasahabitofdrink.Thebestpresenttohim,ofcourse,iswine.HistheeldestsonbroughthimabottleofMaoTai.Hewasgladanddrankthemup.Thenhewrote“105”onthetrademarkwithapencil,meanthehadalreadydrunk105bottlesthewine.Twodayslate,astrangercameandofferedtopaying5Yuanfortheemptybottle.Mr.Chenwasverypleasntandsoldit.Severaldayslater,hissecondsonbroughthimotherbottleofMaoTai.Whileenjoyingit,hesuddenlyfoundout“105”theverymarkonit.No.19Onedayalawyerhappenedtoseeamanbeatadonkeywithastick.“Whywereyoudoingthat?”askedthelawyer.“Tomakethedonkeytogo.”answeredtheman.“Haveyourighttobeattheanimallikethat?”askedthelawyeronceagain.“CertainIhave.”saidtheman.“ItismydonkeyandIcandothatI’dliketowithwhatismy”.Thelawyerthoughtforaminuteandtookhisownstickandbeattheman.“Stopping!”criedtheman,“Areyoumad?”“Oh,yes.ThisismystickandIcandowhatIlikewithwhatwasmine.”No.20Anoldmanwasseatinginanarmchairathome,readinghisnewspaper.Besidehimlayadogsleepsoundly.Theoldmandecidedtoleavinghomeforawhile,andhecouldn’tgooutwithhisslipperson.Sohewokeupthedogandletitfetchedtheshoesforhim.Outofitsexpectation,thedogdidn’tevenstand,butjustbarkedwithtwoeyesclosedagain.Hewascompletepuzzled.Ashewaswonderingwhatwashappening,acatappearedinthefrontofhim.Whydoyouthinkacatcamethere?No.21ShowrespecttoparentsisoneoftheChinesetraditionalmoralvalue.Asmostofthestudentstodayare“theonlychild”intheirfamily,theyoftenregardthemasthe“centre”ofthefamily,withoutcaringmanyabouttheirparents.Ourschoolstartaprogrammewhenthenewyearcame.Itis“Respectingparentsprogramme”.Ten“Do’s”haveworkedoutforthestudentstofollowclearlyandeasily.Theyinclud:“Rememberyourparents”birthdaysandexpressyou'rethebestwishestothem;tell“hello”toyourparentsseethemreturninghome;andtellyourparentswhereyougowhenyouleavehome.”Theprogrammehasbeensuccessfully.No.22WelcometoHolland!Ihopeyouallenjoyyourstayinghere.I’mgladyouhavecomeonApril,forspringiscertainlyabestseasontogettoknowHolland.I’msureyouwillamazedbythecolorandvarietyofalltheflowers.Youwon’tbeabletostoptakingphotograph!Wehavemanybeautifultowns.IsuggestyoustartbytakingaboatstripontheCanals.It’sarelaxedwayofvisitingtheoldcanalhouses.Thenyoucanvisittoourmuseumsandchurches.Youdon’thavetoworryaboutlanguageproblemsthere.Justhaveapleasedtripandcomeagainnextyear.No.23ThisissaidthatGreatbiologistDarwinwasamanwithasenseofhumor.Onceheisinvitedtodinner.Atthedinner,hehappenedtositnextayounggood-lookingwoman.“Mr.Darwin,”thewomanaskedabiologist,“Iheardofyouhavemadeasurprisingconclusionwhichtheperson'sancestoristhemonkey.Iamsuitableforyourowofjudgment?”“Certainly.”Darwinwell-manneredreplied.“Iamlikethemonkey?”"Yes,youaren’t.Andyouwerechangednotfromtheordinarymonkey,butfromtheextremeattractivemonkey.”No.24Iamshywhenatschool.Iwasafraidofspeakinginfrontoftheclass.WhenIhadtofacesuchmanyclassmates,Ifeltnervousbutmyvoiceandlegsshook.Myteachershelpedmealotof.Theyoftenencouragedmetoanswerquestioninclassandtogototheteachers’desktoreadlessons.SometimeIfeltIdidn’tdosowellbuttheyspokehighofme.Meanwhile,myclassmateskindlyaskedmetojointhemallkindsofactivities.Allthesehelpedmewithmyconfidence.SincethenonIdaredtodothatIwantedto.No.25WhenteaandcoffeewasfirstintroducedtoEuropeinthe18thcentury,peoplethoughttheywereharm.SothekingofSwededecidedtofindwhetherthiswastrueornot.Itwashappenedthatthereweretwobrotherswhomwereinprisonthen.Thekingorderedoneofthemtodrinkteaeverydayandtheotherscoffee.Allofthemlivedformanyyearswithoutanyproblem.Theonewhohadtodrinkteadiedintheageof83andtheotherlivedevenlong.Therefore,Swedeisoneofthecountriestheremuchteaandcoffeearedrunk.No.26MywifeandmespenttwoweeksinLondonlastyear.Wewenthereinautumn.WestayedinasmallhotelintheWestEnd.Itwasconvenientaswedomostofoursightseeingonfoot.Taxiswasquitetooexpensive.Wecouldn’tunderstandthebusroutes,butmywifedidn’tliketravelingbytheunderground.Shesaiditmadehertofeelsick.Wewenttolookattheplaceswhichalltouristssee.WesawtheBuckinghamPalace.WecameshoppinginOxfordStreetandspenttoomanymoney.Whatwelikedmost,though,wasgoingtotheatre.No.27OnedayIhappenedtofindoutachattingroominmyQQ,therepeoplewerechattinginEnglish.Itriedtochatwithsomeofthem.Tomysurprise,IfoundtheoralEnglishofsomejuniorstudentswerebetterthanme.IaskedthemforadvicesandtheytoldmetopractisemoreonQQ.ButeverydayafterthatIwouldspendonehourpractisemyoralEnglishonQQ.DaybydayIlearnedfrommanyusefulwordsandexpression.Withtimegoingby,IfoundIcouldevencommunicatesomecollegestudentsfreely.No.28TheInternetisacomputernetworkusethetelephonesystemtolinktogethermillionofcomputersaroundtheworld.Onceyou’reconnectedtotheInternet,andtherearelotsofdifferencethingsyoucando.Youcansend“e-mail”toyourfriendsaslongastheywereontheInternet,orlookingthroughallsortsofinformationontheWorldWideWeb.Youdon’tneedknowhowtheInternetworksinordertousethem.ButifyouunderstandthebasicswhichmayhelpyousolvemanyproblemsyouhaveandyoucanimpressyourfriendsbyyourNetknowledge!No.29Mr.Huangissixtyyearsoldandhadretired.HetaughtourchemistrywhenwewereinGradeOne.Hetaughtverywell.Hetriedhisbesttomakehisclasseslive.Heusuallymadewellpreparationsforthelessonsandwasstrictwithus.Eachtimewhenwemademistakesinourhomework,hewouldaskustocorrectit.Iwaspoorinchemistry.Heoftenhelpsmewithmystudypatiently.WithhishelpImadegreatprogresses.Hewasverykindtohisstudents.Asexperiencedteacherhewasrespectedorlovedbyallthestudents.No.30LastweekIwenttoamovie,whichwasverytouched.Itwasasadmovieaboutamotherandhersons.Whenthechildwasalittleboy,hismotherwasverypoorthatshehadtosendhimforarichfamilywhohadnochild.Theboyreceivedaverygoodeducationandtwentyyearslatehebecameadoctor.Inhishospital,hehadapatient,anoldlady.Hedoesn’tcaretoomuchabouther,forshecouldhardlyaffordforthemedicalcare.Oneevening,theladydiedquietlyandonherbedthedoctorfoundaletter,inwhichhediscoveredtruthandfelttheloveofagreatmother.Hewantedtocallhismother,anditwastoolate.Everybodyinthetheatrewasmovedtotears.答案：改错一：who's改为whose 2.正确 3.去掉but 4.on改为in 5.parents后加were 6.homeworks改为homework 7.stopped后加to 8.find改为found 9.immediate改为immediately 10.fire前加the改错二：the改为a 2.正确 3.see前加to 4.go改为going 5.去掉been 6.去掉had 7.去掉but去掉had 9.on改为at 10.him改为her改错三：1.getting后加on或along 2.fallen改为been 3.shy前加a 4.feeling改为feelings当情感讲时feeling常用单数 5.study前加to或study改为studying 6.去掉to 7.去掉to 8.watched改为watch 9正确 10.and改为or改错四：1.learn改为learnt或learned。2.to后加be或become。3.删去more。第一次告诉Bob关于自己的一些事情，此处用more不合逻辑。4.where改为which。在此非限定性定语从句中，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which。5.此行无错。6.subject改为subjects。quitsafew意为“相当多”，修饰可数名词复数。7.use改为used。据下文butnow可知，此处应用usedtodo表示“过去常常做某事”。8.interesting改为interested。beinterestedin…为固定短语，“对……感兴趣”。9.What后加is。此句无谓语。10.hear改为hearing。lookforwardtodoingsth.为固定短语。改错五：答案：76．去掉to短语错误。goabroad“出国”。77．present→presents名词的数错误。present“礼物”，是可数名词。78．去掉第二个were动词错误。interest在此是及物动词用法，意为“使……感兴趣”。beinterestedin“对……感兴趣”。79．buys→bought时态错误。由全文可知，用一般过去时态。80．√81．them→it代词错误。在这本书里有关于肢体语言的图片和不同国家的语言习俗。用it指代这本书。82．put前加been语态错误。我的礼物被放在了你的卧室里了。礼物是被放在卧室里，所以用被动语态。83．that→which定语从句关系词错误。介词后用which，不用that。84．but→and连接逻辑错误。前后是并列关系而非转折关系。85．few→little混淆错误。alittle与little可以用作副词，表示“有点”“稍稍”，修饰动词、副词、形容词或介词短语。如：Heisalittletired.他有点累了。而afew不可用作副词。改错六1.have去掉2.about后的you改为me3.works→work4.learn→learning5.recent→eresting→interest7.English后的and改为but8.be后加an9.at→in10.where后加there改错六41.about→with/to根据句意，可知此处是表达“和父母交谈”，而不是“谈论父母”。42.as→evenif意为“好像”，与句意不符；根据句意，此处应是表达让步关系。故用evenif,意为“即使”。43.going→gettinggetalongwellwith是固定短语，意为“和…相片融洽”。44.√45.way→wayssome在此处修饰可数名词复数。46.walk前加agooutforawalk意为“出去散步”47.and→or此处表选择关系。48.are→were“他们年轻时候”应用动词的过去式。49.our→their和they保持一致。50.honesty→honest形容词honest作表语。改错七1.it—which2.like—as3.when—that4.what—how5.wasused去掉was6.or—and7.other—others8.something后加that9.theword→a10.wonderfully—wonderful改错八1.Sportsis→are2.woman→women3.called前加have4.playgames→playing5.happy→happily6.theother去掉the7.theywere→are8.healthy→health9.make→makes10.with→byNo.91.onlast去掉on2.Americatourists→American3.greetedhim→them4.studentstravel→travelling5.busywith去掉with6.changes后加that7.Afterwhich→that8.emailaddress→addresses9.onthe→in10.topractising→practiseNo.101.Myclassmate→classmates2.somecleanings→cleaning3.andsing→or4.beingclean去掉being5.rid后加of6.theirjob→my7.willhave→would8.musthave→be9.soas→but10.dogoodin→wellNo.111.adisscussing→discussion2.frompersons→person3.greatly→great4.that→which5.much→more6.believethat→what7.percents→percent8.view后加that9.mean→means10.去掉isNo.121.on→at2.passes→passing3.which→that4.after→since5.many→much6.terribly→terrible7.bad→worse8.had→has9.usedto后加be10.去掉theNo.131.took前加that2.are→were3.18-years-old→18-year-old4.去掉first前面的the5.like→as6.thank→thanks7.or→and8.去掉gave后面的to9.expressingour→their10.wonderfully→wonderfulNo.141.children前加who/that2.去掉attend后面的the3.very→too4.had→have5.other→another6.of→for7.what→eresting→interested9.included→including10.for→toNo.151.Itis→As2.inDecember→on3.weresuffered去掉were4.But→Alion→millions6.destroyed前加been7.studentshere→there8.theycould→can9.callsfor→on10.pocket’s→pocketNo.161.west前加the2.run→running3.thefront去掉the4.bothside→sides5.teachbuilding→teaching6.further→farther7.Behindwhich→it8.Onit’s→its9.orthe→and10.schoolis→areNo.171.hunger→hungry2.thatread→which3.Bring→Take4.ranhere→there5.anddid后加so6.otherpiece改为another7.late改为later8.wandered→wondered9.foundout去掉out10.What→HowNo.181.drink→drinking2.Histhe去掉the3.them→it4.meant→meaning5.bottles后加of6.late→later7.paying→pay8.pleasant→pleased9.other→another10.foundout去掉outbottle→bottlesNo.191.beat→beating2.Whywere→are3.togo去掉to4.right前加the5.Certain→Certainly6.dothat→what7.ismy→mine8.Stopping→Stop9.yes→no10.wasmine→isNo.201.seating→sitting/seated2.sleep→sleeping3.leaving→leave4.andhe→but5.fetched→fetch6.itsexpectation→his7.stand后加plete→completely9.thefront去掉the10.thinka→theNo.211.show→showing2.value→values3.them→themselves4.many→much5.start→started6.worked前加been7.yourthe去掉the8.tell→say9.see→seeing10.successful→successfulNo.221.staying→stay2.onApril→in3.abest→the4.amazed前加be5.photograph→photographs6.boats→boat7.relaxed→relaxing8.visitto去掉blemsthere→here10.pleased→pleasantNo.231.This→It2.heis→was3.next后加to4.abiologist→the5.heardof去掉of6.conclusionwhich→that7.yourow→your8.Yes→No9.And→But10.extreme→extremelyNo.241.am→was2.such→so3.but→and4.alotof去掉of5.question→questions6.Sometime→Sometimes7.high→highly8.jointhem后加in9.Since→From10.that→whatNo.251.wasfirst→were2.harm→harmful3.find后加out4.washappened去掉was5.whom→who/that6.others→other7.All→Bheage→at9.long→longer10.there→whereNo.261.me→I2.here→there3.do→did4.Taxiswas→were5.butmy→and6.by→on7.tofeel去掉to8.came→went9.many→much10.theatre前加theNo.271.findout去掉out2.there→where3.werebetter→was4.thanme→mine5.advices→advice6.But→So/And7.practise→practising8.learnedfrom去掉from9.expression→municate后加withNo.281.use→lion→millions3.andthere去掉and4.difference→different5.theywere→are6.looking→look7.know前加to8.usethem→it9.whichmay→it10.by→withNo.291.hadretired→has2.taughtour→us 3.live→lively4.well→good5.去掉when 6.correctit→them7.helps→gresses→progress 9.As后加an10.or→andNo.301.touched→touching2.sons→son3.verypoor→so4.himfor→to5.late→later6.doesn’t→didn’t7.affordfor去掉for8.quietly→quiet9.truth前加the10.andit→but

长方形和正方形的面积应用题长方形和正方形的面积应用题

长方形和正方形的面积应用题长方形和正方形的面积应用题【知识要点】1．周长是平面图形一周的长度。2．面积是平面图形或物体表面的大小。3．长方形和正方形是我们学过的两种常见的平面图形，它们的周长和面积计算公式见下表：图形名称

图形

计算公式

长方形（矩形）

文字表示的公式

字母表示的公式

ab

周长=（长+宽）×2面积=长×宽

C=2（a+b）S=ab

正方形

a

周长=边长×4面积=边长×边长

C=4aS=a2

【习题讲解】1、一个正方形的草坪，边长30米，这个草坪的面积是多少平方米？合多少平方分米？2、一个长方形的鱼塘，长28米，宽15米。（1）这个鱼塘的面积有多大？（2）沿着鱼塘四周跑3圈，