人教版英语中考语法专题复习之主谓一致及倒装

12/12人教版Goforit英语中考语法专题复习之主谓一致及倒装主谓一致一．主谓一致的三个基本原则：A．语法一致。1.一致原则：主单谓单/主复谓复的基本句子结构中。2.不一致原则：特例原则。a.不定代词（some,any,no，every/body,one,thing,where）作主语时,其谓语用_____。b.主语后面有with,aswellas,like,except等，其后的谓语动词用_____________。B．意义一致。指主语人称的单、复数变化根据其实际单复数内在含义决定。例如，thepolice/public/staff…，thepoor/wounded…形式上是单数，其内含是指复数，故谓语用复数；然而news,politics…,表面是复数，实际上指单数，故其谓语用单数。C．就近一致原则。在一些固定句型中，如therebeAandB，eitherAorB,neitherAnorB,notonlyAbutalsoB的结构作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数由与动词最靠近的一项决定。二．主谓一致的9种常考情形：1．表时间、数量、重量、价格、长度、运算公式等的词或词组作主语时，形式上它们是复数，但应该将其视作一个整体，即“三单”处理。其谓语动词也相应使用单数形式。例如，1).Threeweeks_______ashorttime.2).47and23_______70.2．动词不定式、动名词、从句作主语时,其谓语动词也相应使用单数形式。例如，1).Tosee_______tobelieve.2).It_______noteasyforustolearnmathwell.3).It_______truethatdroppinglitteranywhereisnotright.3．由and连接的成分作主语时，要根据其实际含义来决定其谓语动词的单、复数。例，1).Thefamouswriterandtheteacher_______comingheresoon.Thefamouswriterandteacher_______comingheresoon.2).Thetomatoandegg_______myfavoritedish.It’sdelicious.4．集合名词作主语的几种情况：a.thepolice/public/staff/poultry…b.thepoor/rich/dead/old/living/wounded…c.theSmiths/theTurners/theChengs…d.thefamily,team,class,group…，这组特殊词的单、复数的变化要看其实际含义而定。表整体、称呼时，作单数；表个体、内容时，作复数。例如，Myfamily_______goinghikinginthemountainsnextweek.AllofusthinkthatTom’sfamily_______agoodexampletous.5．名词性物主代词mine,ours,yours,his,hers,theirs,its作主语时,其单、复数的变化由其实际含义而定。例如，Hisparents_______tallandthin,whileminearetallandheavy.6．以s结尾的固有名词作主语时，其形式上是复数，但其本身算作单数，故其谓语用单数。例如，news,maths,politics,physics,…7．在therebe…,herebe…；either…or…,neither…nor…,or…,notonly…butalso…等连接名词或代词作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数与其最靠近的主语单、复数一致，即就近原则。例如，1）Here_______somepaperandtwolettersforyouonthetable,Tracy.2)NotonlymyclassmatesbutMrSmith_______(think)thefirstprizeshouldcometoourclass.8．在cupof,pairof,glassof等量词短语前面有this,the或my,your,his…时，应以cup,pair,glass为主体，而其后的名词则为其次。例如，1).Look,thispairofshortsatthemall_______prettycheap.2).There_______twoglassesofmilkonthetable,too.9．a.不定代词（some--/any--/no--/every--+thing/one/body/where）作主语时，其本身只作单数；b.单数代词（one/each/either/neither/much）作主语时，其谓语用单数。1).Muchofthebread_______leftonthetablejustnow.2).Eachofus_______(have)anEnglish-Chinesedictionaryinmyclass.c.复数代词（both,many）作主语时，其谓语用复数数。d.单复各表的代词（all,some,most,any）作主语时，其谓语的单复数随机应变。例如，1).I’msurethatnotallofthework_______(have)beenfinishedalready.2).Mostofthestudents_______stillintheclassroomnow.主谓一致练习1.BothLilyandLucy_______tothepartylastweekend.A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.hadinvitedD.wereinvited2.EveryoneexceptTomandJerry_______therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.isC.wasD.were3._______thebooksinourlibrary_______about20,000.A.Thenumberof,areB.Anumberof,isC.Thenumberof,isD.Anumberof,are4.HowaboutyourCDsnow,Mike?Oh,mine________oldandsomeofthem_______evenbroken.A.is,areB.is,isC.are,areD.are,is5.Theworkmen_______busy_______thesmallpartstogetherintheworkshop.A.is,withB.are,puttingC.is,puttingD.be,with6.________wassenttothatcountryafterthewarwasover.A.LotsofcoatsB.AlotoffoodC.ManykindsoffoodsD.Muchwater7.Doyouknowhowmanysheep_______inAustralia?Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.isthereB.thereareC.arethereD.thereis8.Physics_______myfavoritesubject,Ithink.A.isn’tB.doesn’tC.areD.aren’t9.DoyoulikewatchingcookingshowonTV,Mary?No.Butmytwinsister________.She’squitefondofcooking.A.isB.areC.doesD.do10.Look,someofthebread________beeneatenontheplate.A.hasn’tB.isC.haveD.aren’t11.Sorry,mycarisfull,sothere________forthisbigbox.A.arenoroomsB.islittleroomC.isafewroomD.areafewrooms12.Thenumberoftheteachersinourschoolisabout150,and_____ofthem____menteachers.A.twothirds,isB.ahalf,areC.twothird,isD.threequarters,are13.IheartheJohnsons_______inourdistrictforhalfayear.A.arelivingB.havelivedC.livesD.haslived14.Jenny_______aregoingtovisitthePalaceMuseumsoon.A.andherparentsB.aswellmumC.togetherwithMaryD.aswellasJoe15.LiLeiandIhavedecidedtogotothemountainsifit_____thisweekend.A.don’trainB.doesn’trainC.isn’trainingD.won’train16.Infact,neitherTomandLarrynorJack_____fromCanada.TheyarefromAmerica.A.comesB.comingC.comeD.came17.It’struethatfifteenandthirteen_______twenty-eight.A.areB.makesC.wereD.make18.Yes,_______toomuchisbadforyourhealth.A.eatB.ateC.eatenD.eating19.Well,_______ofthestudentswantstowatchthe2008BeijingOlympicsthissummer.A.mostB.someC.everyoneD.everyone20.InChina,alloftheold_______takengoodcareof,Ithink.A.areB.wasC.isD.being21.________thispairofshoesyours?No.Myshoes________underthebed.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,was22．OK,I’llsaythatmyfamily________watchingtheNBAgamesatthattime.A.areB.amC.wasD.were23.Whetherwegofishingornot________ontheweather.A.dependB.dependsC.dependedD.depending24.About60percentofthestudents________fromthesouth,therestofthem________fromthenorthandforeigncountries.

A.are,is

B.are,areC.is,are

D.are,/

25.NowTomwithhisclassmates________footballontheplayground.

A.play

B.areplayingC.plays

D.isplaying倒装英语句子的正常语序是：主语＋谓语＋（宾语）。即主语在前，谓语在后。但是，有时由于句子结构的需要或者需要强调，这时就要采用倒装语序。eg.1.Ihaveneverseenamoviesomovingbefore.（正常语序）＝NeverbeforehaveIseenamoviesomoving.2.Hi，Jack,hereisapostcardforyou.3.Whatareyourstudentsdoingatthemoment?4.WereIyou,Iwoulddoitbetter.5.Onlyinthiswaycanyousucceed.6.HecanspeakmuchEnghlish,socanI.*二、倒装句：完全倒装：又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。部分倒装：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误；后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。only+状语或状语从句置于句首，句子用部分倒装。例子：Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。Onlyafterhehadspokenouttheworddidherealizehehadmadeabigmistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。2.hardly,innoway,little,scarcely,seldom,never,nomore,nolonger,not,notonly,nosooner,notonly…(butalso),notuntil…等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首，句子用部分倒装。例子：NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.我刚到家就下起了雨。SeldomdoIgotoworkbybus.我很少乘公共汽车上班。Notuntiltwelveo'clockdidshegotobedlastnight.她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。3.so/such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so/such和that之间的部分。例子：Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled.他的要价太离谱，令每个人都瞠目结舌。Tosuchlengthdidshegoinrehearsalthatthetwoactorswalkedout.她的彩排进行得那么长，以致于那两个演员都走出去了。以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分，其语气较自然语序强烈，因而具有极佳的修辞效果。4.某些副词开头的句子构成的完全倒装here、there、now、then、thus等副词开头的句子可构成完全倒装。条件是谓语动词是不及物动词，如arise、be、come、exist、go、follow等。需要注意的是，当主语是代词时，不能构成倒装。例子：Herecomesourheadmaster。我们的校长来了。Hereitis.在这里。Hereisyourkey.这是你的钥匙。B.含助动词的倒装句：1.在否定词前置时（句首）：never,not,nor,neither,hardly,little,few;neverbefore,neither….nor….,notuntil…,notonly..butalso…eg.Notonlydoeshehaveasister,buthehasalittleborther.LittlecanIspeakFrench.Notuntilhesawthepresent,didshefeelhappy.Idon’tknowthatsmallvillage,nordoMikeandJack.2.由only,so前置（句首）时：eg.Onlywhenhefailed,didheknowhismistake.Sofastdoeslighttravelthatit’sdifficulttoimagineitsspeed.倒装句练习题1.Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,_______.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.neitherdoesJohn2.TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle_______theyknowaboutGerman.A.doB.haveC.does3.Inthedarkforest________,somearelargeenoughtoholdseveraltowns.standmanylakesB.liemanylakesC.manylakeslie4.Onlywhenmyfriendcame,_____________.A.didthecomputerrepairB.herepairedthecomputerC.wasthecomputerrepaired5.NotuntilIbegantowork,_______howmuchtimeIhadwasted(浪费).A.didIrealizeB.wasIrealizeC.Irealized6.Where______golastsummer,Jane?A.doyouB.didyouC.youdid7.Onthewall_______twobeautifulpictures.A.hangB.hangsC.hanging8.Badboy!____________.A.OutyougoB.OutgoyouC.Outgoesyou9.Doyouknow_______outtheproblem?A.howdidheworkB.howheworkC.howheworked10.IguessyouhaveknownmuchaboutJayChou,________?A.don’tyouB.haven’tyouC.didyou11._____canyouexpecttogetapayrise.

A.WithhardworkB.Althoughworkhard

C.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard

12.____,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.

A.HoweverlateisheB.Howeverheislate

C.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis

13.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver,_____howseriousthepollutionwas.

A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealized

C.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn’tthevillagersrealize

14.—Idon’tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.

—_____,Let’sstophereforarest.

A.NeithercanIB.NeitherdoIC.Ididn’tthinksoD.Ithinkso

15.—DoyouknowJimquarrelwith(和…吵架)hisbrother?

—Idon’tknow,_______.

A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcareneitherD.Idon’tcarealso

16.Onlybypracticingafewhourseveryday_____beabletowastemuchtime.

A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou

17.Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_____whatheatis.

A.mandidknowB.manknewC.didn’tmanknowD.didmanknow

18._____gotintotheroom,_____thetelephonerang.

A.Hehardly;thenB.Hardlyhadhe;whenC.Hehadnot;thanD.Nothadhe;when

19.______snacksanddrinks，buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.

A.NotonlytheybroughtB.Notonlydidtheybring

C.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring综合能力提高题一．短文填空。free,I,stood,something,me,one,face,it,send,able,against,afterIwasstillshyinfrontofpeople.Andmyfirstdayatthenewschoolmademealaughingstock（笑料）oftheclassroom.I1totheblackboardtowritemyname.Iknewmyname,andknewhowtowriteit,but2attheblackboardwiththeeyesofsomanypupilsonmybackmademefreezeinsideandIwas3towriteasingleletter.“Writeyourname,”theteachercalledtome.Iliftedthewhitechalk(粉笔)totheblackboardand,asIwasabouttowrite,Icouldn’trememberanything:Icouldnotremembermyname,eventhe4letter.SomebodylaughedandIbecamemorenervous.“Justforgetusandwriteyourname,”theteachercalledandwalkedto5side,smilingatmetogivemeconfidence.“What’syourname?”sheasked.“Richard,”Ianswered.“Thenwriteit.”Iturnedtotheblackboardandliftedmyhandtowrite,butIcouldremember6.Irealizedhowtotally(完全地)IwasfailingandIbecameweak(柔弱)andputmyhotforehead(前额)7thecoldblackboard.Theroomburstinto(突然爆发)aloudlaughandmybodyfroze.Isatandblamed(责备)8.WhydidIalwaysbecomesosillywhenIwascalledtoperforminacrowd?Iknewhowtowriteaswellasanyotherpupilintheclassroom,andIcouldtalk9.Thenwhydidstrange_____10______makemefreeze?Isatwithmyearsandneckburning,seeingthepupilsaroundmetalkinginverylowvoice,hatingmyself.二.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，补全表格中所缺的信息。请将答案按编号一次填入表格内的题号后横线上。News1.9-year-oldLinDingwenfromSingaporerecentlydesignedaniPhonepaintingprogramcalledDoodleKids(小涂鸦).Theprogramletsusersdrawwiththeirfingersbytouching(触摸)theiPhone’stouch-screenandthenclearthescreenbyshakingthephone.Linisgoodat6programminglanguages,andhehascompletedabout20programmingprojects.News2.Anewwalking,talkingrobotfromJapanwiththefaceofagirlthatcansmileandweighs43kgwasonshow.Butitstillcan’tsharethecatwalkwithhumanmodelsbecauseitisn’tsafeenough.Fornow,the158-cm-tallblack-hairedrobotwillmainlyservetomakepeoplehappy.Dev