第四讲学案-基础词汇辨析人教版九年级英语全册

Toughdayswon’tlast,toughpeopledo. 个性化学案知识点动词短语辨析，名词辨析。形容词辨析教学目标重点掌握本课文中的重点单词、短语及相关句型，培养英语学习兴趣，并进行阅读理解能力培养训练教学重点课文中的重点单词、短语及相关句型的掌握和运用教学难点重点单词、短语的灵活运用教学过程一、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节内容，并引入本节课程内容.上节课主要学习了定语从句及其引导词的用法。关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。补充下表，复习定语从句引导词用法。代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom／whowhichthat定语whosewhose二、知识讲解一）Thepassage：饮食与健康Zhangweiisafatboy.Maybelikemostofthefatboys,helikestoeatmeat,especiallybarbecuedmuttonwithsomebeerinsummer.andhealsolikeseatingfriedfoodandcandy,whichcontainmuchsugarandfat.Atthesametime,hedoeslittlesportseveryday.Heusuallyfeelssleepyindailyclasses.Sometimesheevengoestosleepwhenstudying.Heusedtodosomethingbadforhishealth,suchasdrinking、smokingandsoon.Lastweektheyhadasportsmeeting.ZhangWeifellmuchbehindothers.SoherealizedtheimportanceofhealthylifeanddoingsportsSotodayhedecidestobeginanewlife.Firstly,hewillkeepabalanceddiet.Hewillsaygoodbyetofoodrichinfat.instead,hewilllearntobeusedtohavingmorefruitandvegetables,whichwillprovidehimwithplentyofvitaminsandkeephimenergetic.Forexample,bread,potatoes,rice,noodles,milkareallhealthyfood.Secondly,he'dbetterexerciseeverydaytomakehisbodystrong.Finally,hehastogetridofthosebadhabitsthatdamagehishealth.Inconclusion,ifZhangweistickstothedecisionsabove,hebelievesthathewillleadahealthylifeinthefuture.Atthattime,hewilldowellinhislearning,too.课文逐句翻译：张伟是一个胖男孩，也许就像大多数胖孩子一样，他喜欢吃肉。尤其是夏天喜欢喝着啤酒吃烤羊肉串。他也很喜欢吃油炸食物和糖果。这些食物里面包含很多糖和脂肪。同时，他每天很少运动。通常在每天上课时容易犯困。甚至有时候就直接睡着了。他过去常常也做一些不利于健康的事情，比如抽烟，喝酒等。上周他们举办了一次运动会。张伟远落后于别人。这使他意识到健康的生活和做运动的重要性。所以今天他决定开始一个新的生活。首先他将保持平衡的饮食。他将向富含脂肪的食物说拜拜。相反他将学会习惯于吃很多水果和蔬菜，这些食物将会给他提供充分的维生素、保持充沛的精力。例如面包、土豆、米饭、面条、牛奶都是健康的食物。其次，他最好每天锻炼去强壮他的身体。最后，他不得不摆脱那些伤害健康的坏习惯。总之，如果张伟坚持以上决定，他相信他一定会在将来有健康的生活。在那时，他的学习也会非常好。二）重点知识总结与解析：1、Theimportantwordsinthispassage:maybeadv或许大概especiallyadv尤其是barbecuedadj烧烤的muttonn羊肉beern啤酒friedadj油炸的candyn糖果containvt包含sugarn糖sleepyadj困乏的dailyadj每天的realizev认识到，实现importancen重要性healthyadj健康的decidev决定firstlyadv首先balancedadj平衡的dietn饮食insteadadv相反fruitn水果providev提供plentyn大量的vitaminsn维生素energeticadj精力充沛的examplen例子potatoesn土豆noodlesn面条secondlyadv此外exercisen练习strongadj强壮的finallyn最终habitsn习惯damagen/vt伤害conclusionn结论decisionsn决定futuren将来Theimportantphrasesinthispassage:mostofthe...的大多数friedfood油炸食物dosports做运动usedtodo过去常常做suchas例如sportsmeeting运动会fellbehind落后keepabalanceddiet保持均衡膳食saygoodbyeto告别beusedtodoing习惯于做plentyof大量的forexample,例如hadbetter最好getridof摆脱，除掉badhabits坏习惯inconclusion结论stickto坚持leadalife过生活inthefuture在将来atthattime同时dowellin做得好三）知识点讲解：知识点1:contain表示“包含，含有，容纳”，不用于进行时。也可表示“控制，抑制，克制”。表示“阻止”。【例句体会】1).Itcontainsapowerfuldrugwhichaffectsmosquitoes.它包含一种能够感染蚊子的毒药。2).Thisdrinkdoesn'tcontainanyalcohol.这种饮料不含任何酒精。【归纳拓展】contain包含，包括，（容纳在比其更大的东西之内）

include作为整体中的一部分

hold容纳，常与can连用知识点2：realizev认识到，实现【例句体会】1.Ididn'trealizeyouhadpoliticalaspirations.我没有意识到你有政治上的抱负。2.Wedidnotrealizethemagnitudeoftheproblem.我们没有意识到这个问题的重要性。3.Shewasmortifiedtorealizehehadheardeverywordshesaid.她意识到自己的每句话都被他听到了，直羞得无地自容。4.Youdon'thavetobeapessimisttorealizethatwe'reintrouble.不是悲观论者也能意识到我们有了麻烦。5.Ididn'trealizetheintensityofpeople'sfeelingsonthisissue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。6.Onlythendidherealizethathehadbeenwrong.直到这时他才知道他错了。【归纳拓展】realize=cometrue实现知识点3：importancen重要性【例句体会】Hedidn’tknowtheimportanceoftheEnglishlearning.他不知道英语学习的重要性。Theimportanceofthewordsinstudyiswellknowntousall.词汇的重要性是众所周知的。【归纳拓展】importantadj重要的，有重要性的；sthisveryimportant=sthisofgreatimportance=playanimportantpartin很重要。知识点4：decidev决定【例句体会】Youchoose,Ican'tdecide.你来选吧，我拿不定主意。Itwasdifficulttodecidebetweenthetwocandidates.很难在这两个候选人之间决定取舍。【归纳拓展】decidetodosth=makeadecisiontodosth=makeupone’smindtodosomething.决定干某事。知识点5：damagevt.&vi.损害，毁坏n.损害，损毁；赔偿金【例句体会】Jacksondoesn'twanttodamagehisreputation...杰克逊不想损害自己政界名人的声誉。Hewarnedthattheactionwasdamagingtheeconomy.他警告说该行动正对经济造成破坏。【归纳拓展】destroy/ruin/damage/harm辨析destroy表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。damage一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。harm一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等知识点6：usedtodo过去常常（做）……；曾经……【例句体会】HeusedtolearnEnglisheveryday.他过去每天学英语。LiMingusedtoplaybasketballintheafternoon.【归纳拓展】usedtodo/beusedtodo/beusedtodoingusedtodosth.(woulddo)过去经常做某事beusedtodo被用来做……(被动语态)be/get/becomeusedtosth./doing=be/get/becomeaccustomedtosth./doing习惯于知识点7：stickto坚持（真理）、坚持干/遵循；沿着…走【例句体会】Ifyousticktothetruth,youhavenothingtofear.如果你坚持真理，你就没什么可怕的。Theboyhasneverstickstoanythingforlong.那个男孩从来没把任何事干长久。Sticktothemainroad,oryoumaygetlost.沿着大路走，否则你会迷路的。【归纳拓展】stick①贴；粘Thepagesarestucktogether.几张纸被粘在一起。Youcanstickthebrokenpiecestogetherwithglue.你可以用胶水把碎片粘在一起。②插；固定在某处Hestuckastickintotheground.他把一根棍子插在地里。Ifoundanailstickinginthetyre.我发现轮胎上扎了一颗钉子。③卡住；陷在…里Afishbonestuckinmythroat.一根鱼刺卡在我喉咙。Thedoorstuck,Ican’topenit.门卡住了，我打不开。知识点8：hadbetter最好【例句体会】PerhapsyouandIhadbetterchangeover;youaremoreexperienced.也许我们的工作还是对换一下好，你比我更有经验。Ihadbettersayafewwordsbywayofexplanation.我最好以解释的方式说几句话。Youhadbettergohomeandrestupalittle.你最好回家休息一下。【归纳拓展】hadbetterdosomething最好干某件事wouldratherdosomething宁愿做某件事知识点9：Sometimesheevengoestosleepwhenstudying.【句式分析】：whenstudying是一个省略句，补充完整可以还原为一个状语从句;whenheisstudying.一般情况下，状语从句的主语如果和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。【例句展示】Hedidastold.他按照别人告诉他的方式做事情。Thoughtired,theywentonworking.尽管很累，但他继续工作。Youshouldn'tcometohispartyunlessinvited.你不应该来参加聚会，除非你被邀请。知识点10：healsolikeseatingfriedfoodandcandy,whichcontainmuchsugarandfat.【句式分析】：本句中包含有which引导的一个非限制性定语从句。which在非限制性定语从句中的特点是指代整个主句内容，意思一般译为“这，这个”.而且从句只能放于主句之后。【例句展示】Hesetfreethebirdshappily，whichwasacelebrationforhissuccess.他开心地把鸟放了，这是对他成功的一种庆祝。Hewasreadingabook,whichwasaboutwar.他正在读一本关于战争的书。例题精析：【例题1】【题干】Therearetwentypassengersinthebus,________ababy.A.contains B.containing C.includes D.including【答案】D【解析】contain“包含，含有，装着，盛着”,通常指在一个整体中所包含含有的全部内容，或在一个容器中容纳的全部东西，强调包含的整体内容。include“包含，包括”指在一个整体中包括了其中一部分内容项目等，强调包含部分。常用的两种表达方式：includingsb/sth=sb/sthincluded【例题2】【题干】Oncewemindupourmindstodosomething,weshouldtryoutbestto______ourgoals.A.suggest B.realize C.plan D.abandon【答案】B【解析】realizev认识到，实现【例题3】【题干】翻译：词汇量对于英语学习非常重要。【答案】VocabularyisofgreatimportanceinEnglishlearning.VocabularyplaysanimportantroleinEnglishlearning.【解析】sthisveryimportant=sthisofgreatimportance=playanimportantpartin【例题4】【题干】翻译：Lucy决定出国深造学习。【答案】Lucydecidestogotoabroadforfurtherstudy.Lucymakesuphismindtogotoabroadforfurtherstudy.Lucymakesadecisiontogotoabroadforfurtherstudy.【解析】decidetodosth=makeadecisiontodosth=makeupone’smindtodosomething.【例题5】【题干】She______stayuplate,soshe_____________gotobedearly.A.usedtostay;isusedtogoing B.isusedtostaying;usedtogoC.isusedtostay;isusedtogo D.isusedtostaying;isusedtogoing【答案】A【解析】usedtodosth.(woulddo)过去经常做某事beusedtodo被用来做……(被动语态)be/get/becomeusedtosth./doing=be/get/becomeaccustomedtosth./doing习惯于【例题6】【题干】Theearthquake______thecityintensofminutes.A.damaged B.harmed C.destroyed D.ruined【答案】C【解析】destroy对某物体进行完全的毁坏。ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的damage一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，harm常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业【例题7】【题干】Wemuststickto______ourtaskintome.A.finished B.finish C.finishing D.finishes【答案】C【解析】stickto后加动词ing形式。To为介词。【例题8】【题干】完成句子：你最好赶紧去学校，否则就迟到了。You___________toschoolquickly,oryouwillbelate.【答案】hadbettergo【解析】hadbetterdosomething,最好做某事。四、课堂运用【基础】根据句意及汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。1.hehasn’t________________(实现）hisdream。2.Ourgoalisto___________(目标)agoodstandardofmedicalcare.3.paymoreattentiontothe__________(重要性)ofwildlifeprotection4.Thebabyisasleep,whichmademe__________(困乏的)5.For__________(例如),yawningmeansbeingnotinterestedandturningone’sbacktosomeone6.__________(最后),hewasindebt.7.Healthproblemsarecloselyconnectedwithbadeating_________(习惯)andalackofexercise.8.thewholenationwasshockedbythe_________(损害).9.Afterreadingthearticleonceagainhehada_________(结论).10.Youhavetomakea________(决定)whethertoacceptthejobornot.【答案】1.vide3.importance4.sleepy5.example6.Finally7.habits8.damage9.conclusion10.decision.【巩固】补全下列句子：1）大多数学生没有好的学习习惯。________thestudentsdon’thaveagood____of________.2)我们出远门的时候，应该向家人和朋友告别。Weshould___________________ourfamiliesandfriendswhenwegotofartherplaces.3)我昨天买了很多有用的书籍。Ibought____________usefulbooksyesterday.4)Tom很擅长打篮球。Tom_______________playingbasketball.5)由于生病，他最近学习落后于很多同学。Becauseofhisillness,he_______________oursinhisstudy.【答案】1)Mostof;habit;learning2)saygoodbyeto3)plentyof4)doeswellin5)fellbehind【提高】翻译下列句子：当你在过马路时，要特别小心（用whendoing句型翻译）。【答案】Whencrossingtheroad,youmustbecareful。昨天我见到一个老朋友，这使我很高兴。（用which引导的非限制性定语从句翻译）【答案】Isawafriendyesterday,whichmademehappy。只有保持均衡膳食，才会有健康身体。【答案】Onlybykeepingabalanceddietcanyouhavehealthybody。张伟在学英语，同时他也在学习弹钢琴.【答案】ZhangweiislearningEnglish.Atthesametimeheislearningtoplaypiano。李立明想在在将来做一名老师.【答案】LiLimingwantstobeateacherinthefuture。五、课堂运用：一．根据文章内容，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。1.WhyisZhangWeiusuallysleepy?_________A.Becauseheisisafatboy.B.Becausehelikestoeatmeat.C.Becausehedoeslittlesportseveryday.D.Becausehedidn’thaveabalancedietanddoeslittlesportseveryday.【答案】D2.WhatdoesZhangweidecidetodotochangethesituation?_________A.hewillkeepabalanceddiet.B.he'dbetterexerciseeverydaytomakehisbodystrong.C.hehastogetridofthosebadhabitsthatdamagehishealth.D.alltheabove.【答案】D3.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________A.Havingbalancedietanddoingsportsareimportanttoourhealth.B.Zhangweiisabadstudent.C.Barbecuedmuttonwithbeerisdelicious.D.Fatbodyisgoodandstrong.【答案】A二．根据原文填入所缺的词或短语Zhangweiisafatboy.Maybelike_______thefatboys,helikestoeatmeat,_________barbecued_______withsomebeerinsummer.andhealsolikeseatingfriedfoodandcandy,_______containmuchsugarandfat.Atthe___________,hedoeslittlesportseveryday.Heusuallyfeels______indailyclasses.Sometimesheevengoestosleepwhen________.He_______dosomethingbadforhishealth,suchasdrinking、smokingandsoon.Lastweektheyhadasportsmeeting.ZhangWeifellmuch______others.Sohe_______theimportanceofhealthylifeanddoingsportsSotodayhe_______tobeginanewlife.Firstly,hewillkeepa_________diet.Hewill____goodbyetofoodrichinfat.instead,hewilllearntobeusedto______morefruitandvegetables,whichwill_______himwith_______ofvitaminsandkeephim_______.For______,bread,potatoes,rice,noodles,milkareallhealthyfood.Secondly,he'dbetter________everydaytomakehisbodystrong.Finally,hehastoget___ofthosebad______thatdamagehishealth.In________,ifZhangwei______tothe________above,hebelievesthathewill______ahealthylifeinthe_______.Atthattime,hewilldo_____inhislearning,too.【答案】略连词成句1.decide/dowellin/habit2.Haveabalancediet/which/provide3.stickto/getridof/leadahealthylife【答案】略休息驿站：TwobirdsTeacher:Herearetwobirds,oneisaswallow,theotherissparrow.Nowwhocantelluswhichiswhich?Student:IcannotpointoutbutIknowtheanswer.Teacher:Pleasetellus.Student:Theswallowisbesidethesparrowandthesparrowisbesidetheswallow.两只鸟老师：这儿有两只鸟，一只是麻雀。谁能指出哪只是燕子，哪只是麻雀吗？学生：我指不出，但我知道答案。老师：请说说看。学生：燕子旁边的就是麻雀，麻雀旁边的就是燕子。课堂小结本课主要话题是关于饮食与健康。通过汇总与此话题有关的基础知识，让学生在基础知识积累，能力提升等方面都有一定的提升和进步。谈论此话题用到的常用短语句型和词汇非常重要，是考试中完型、阅读等经常涉及的内容，因此学生必须认真积累。同时，让学生进一步明确饮食习惯和多做运动的重要性。在平时的学习生活中，养成良好的习惯，拥有健康的体魄，才能为刻苦学习，报效祖国打好基础。课后作业：一．翻译下列句子：1.首先他将保持平衡的饮食。他将向富含脂肪的食物说拜拜。【答案】Firstly,hewillkeepabalanceddiet.Hewillsaygoodbyetofoodrichinfat.2.其次，他最好每天锻炼去强壮他的身体。【答案】Secondly,he'dbetterexerciseeverydaytomakehisbodystrong.3.最后，他不得不摆脱那些伤害健康的坏习惯。【答案】.Finally,hehastogetridofthosebadhabitsthatdamagehishealth.4.他将学会习惯于吃很多水果和蔬菜，这些食物将会给他提供充分的维生素、保持充沛的精力。【答案】Hewilllearntobeusedtohavingmorefruitandvegetables,whichwillprovidehimwithplentyofvitaminsandkeephimenergetic.5.通常在每天上课时容易犯困。甚至有时候就直接睡着了。【答案】Heusuallyfeelssleepyindailyclasses.Sometimesheevengoestosleepwhenstudying.二．阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。Allanwasworried.Thiswashisfirsttimetogotraveling1.Hedidn’tknowhowtofindhisseat,2hewenttotheairhostess(空姐)andasked,“Couldyouhelpme?Ican’tfindmyseat.”Theairhostessshowed3theseatandtoldhim4andfastentheseatbelt(系好安全带).ShetoldAllannottomoveaboutwhentheplanewasgoingup.AndshealsosaidthatAllan’searsmightfeel5strange,buthedidn’tneedto6itbecausemanypeoplefelt7that.Whentheplanewasflyingveryhigh,Allancouldstandupandwalkaround.Hecould8readbooks,newspapersorseefilms.Theairhostesswould__9__foodanddrinks.Allanwouldenjoytheflightand10soon.1.A.byship B.byair C.bycar D.bybus2.A.yet B.or C.but D.so3.A.him B.me C.her D.he4.A.standup B.sleep C.tositdown D.sitdown5.A.alittle B.little C.abitof D.bit6.Aworrying B.beworried C.worryabout D.worry7.A.in B.for C.as D.like8.A.neither B.either C.both D.also9.Ahold B.take C.bring D.carry10.A.arrivehome B.arrivetohome C.gettohome D.reachathome【答案】1．D。根据下文，哈里斯夫妇出国旅游并住进高级宾馆，说明他们赚了很多钱。故选money。2．B。madealotofmoney与下文gotoaforeigncountry构成因果关系，故选so。3．A。与下文他们住进a5-starhotel相对应，这里应选择hotel。4．C。表示到达目的地，reach可直接接宾语，get后应加介词to，arrive为不接物动词，后应加介词in或at才能接宾语，所以arrive为正确选项。5．A。根据文章的第一句，以前他都是住的smallhotel，这里应选small。6．B。on和during都不能与seven连用。他们估计要挨饿，说明在以前住的宾馆里7点以后不可能有饭菜供应。故应选择after。7．C。有人告知饭菜供应会持续到十点时，他们理应感到surprised。8．D。of常用来表示所有关系，thetimesofthemeals表示“每顿饭的供应时间”。9．B。根据西方人的生活习性，宾馆一般不会在一段时间只供应啤酒，下午喝茶比较合乎常理。故选tea。10．D。哈里斯以为从早到晚都得在吃饭或喝茶，几乎没有剩余时间观光旅游了，leave表示“剩下，遗留”，为正确选项。三．阅读短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Tomwalkedintoashop.Itbadasignoutside:"Second-hand(旧的)clothesboughtandsold."Hewascarryinganoldpairoftrousersandaskedtheowneroftheshop,"Howmuchwillyougivemeforthese?"Themanlookedatthemandthensaid:"Twodollars.""What!"saidTom."Ihadguessedtheywereworthatleastfiv