2023年高考英语短文改错题技巧点拨及强化训练试题

2023年高考英语短文改错题技巧点拨及强化训练试题短文改错旨在测试考生发现、判断和纠正错误的能力，来主要考查学生们在词法、句法、惯用法和行文逻辑等方面在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，因此考点综合性强，覆盖面广，错项设置类型多，是历年高考英语中的难题。为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强根底知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的根本情况有所分析，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。我从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。短文改错口诀：句子成分多分析，动词形态，名词数，，认清是形还是副；非谓动词细区分，习惯用法短语要牢记住；逻辑错误须关注。一．句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：1They∧curiousabouteverythingintheworldandwere2IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.which第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例那么是对定语从句的关系代词与关系副词它在句子中的成分不懂，where是副词，不能作主语。二．动词形态：主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：Myfavouritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourschoolfootballteam.isNowmypictureandprizeishanginginthelibrary.are上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。三．名词数指名词单、复数形式及可数名词和不可数名词的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：…sothatI’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.subjects四．认清是形还副词：区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.wonderfulUnfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.Unfortunately需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。五．非谓动词细区分：这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：1…inmysparetime,butnowIerested2Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalso…playing3Myparentsloveme…andwilldoalltheycan∧makesure…to上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。六．习惯用法、短语要牢记：主要考查习惯搭配方面的根底知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：Itwasverykindforthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationand…ofWemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminstead∧ourselves.of七．逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.theirFirst,letmetellyousomethingmoreaboutmyself.去掉more…nowayofsettingthematterexceptbysellingtheset.Nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.everyone上述第一例中的主语是Smiths〔史密斯夫妇俩〕，因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再〞的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事〞？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们〞把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。八．除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but,and,or，hhowever,otherwise,that,what和so等的用法错误〔可以归类为逻辑错误〕，以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.andItlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.orWemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.the下面是全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做，然后参阅题后的答案与简析。LastweekmyparentsandItookatwo-daytriptoEmeiMountaininSichuan.Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamous76._____Mountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.Theweather77._____Wasfine.Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootof78._____themountain,thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.Aswe79._____climbedthemountain,weedmonkeys,visitingtemples80._____andtoldstories.OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicture81._____sincethescenerywassobeautiful.Thetimepassesquickly.82._____Eveningcamedown.Wespentthenightinahotelatthetop83._____ofthemountain.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewas84._____good.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmy85._____headtouchedthepillow.答案与简析：76.famous前加上a。〔名词数〕。77.正确78.we前面加when，引导一个时间状语从句。〔句子成分多分析〕79.them→us〔逻辑错误须关注〕80.visiting→visited〔非谓动词细区分〕81.picture→pictures〔名词数〕82.passes→passed〔动词形〕83.去掉down〔习惯用法要记住〕84.and→but〔but,and,or和so〕85.去掉at〔句子成分多分析/习惯用法要记住〕。下面再次让我们熟悉一下短文改错的设错规律：错误类型包括缺词、多词和错词。其中1行正确，9行需要改正。正确1111多一词2121缺一词2211错一词5667难度系数0.440.420.470.46短文改错常见错误类型1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用；②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。1〕Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudies.〔did改为do错误类型属于①〕2〕Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.(visiting改为visited错误类型属于②)3〕Therewillanimportantgamenextmonth.(will后加be错误类型属于④)4〕Oneeveningshetoldmethatsomethinghappenedwhenherparentswasout.(③主谓不一致)2.名词的常见错误单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。①I’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.〔subject改为subjects〕②Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.〔word改为words〕③Withoutenoughknowledges,youcanneverteachwell.〔knowledges改为knowledge〕3.连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等〔一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether〕①Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.(错用了who的所有格形式改为whose)②Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthemgrowingup.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为and)③Cleverassheis,butsheworksveryhard.④WhenIwasachild,rainwasamystery.Inoneclass,Ilearneditrained.4.冠词错误误用a和an〔根据单词的因素来判定〕；误用a和the〔固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方〕多余的冠词或那么少冠词。①Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.(a改为thethesame是固定搭配)②Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofpants.〔mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加a〕③Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydairy.④Ihopeyouhavepleasantjourney.5.形容词和副词错误1)系动词后用形容词〔be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel〕2)词性的误用形容词修饰名词修饰实义动词，形容词和副词，过去分词用副词①I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.〔time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰〕②Mypronunciationwasterribly.6.代词错误1〕代词的主格和宾格〔I/me;He/him;She/her;We/us;They/them〕2〕反身代词〔myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves〕3〕代词的单数和复数4〕多余的代词和少代词①SoonIbegantoenjoytalkingtomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.(expressoneself,me改为myself)②OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.(加it)③Ifanyoneofushadanydifficultyinourlifeandstudy,theotherwouldhelphimout.④What’smore,youhavetobefriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.7.非谓语动词的常见错误1〕不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。2〕and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致〔尤其距离较远时〕，3〕介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。4〕某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。①SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwas….(enjoy后需接动名词talk--talking)②Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.(作主语改为going)③Childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.④Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawthechangingcolorsoftheleavesonthetrees.8.介词错误1〕词组中的介词误用，2〕介词意思理解偏差，3〕介词的多用或少用①Therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.〔among改为ininmyfamily为固定搭配〕②IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.〔去掉at〕短文改错解题思路和检查原那么1〕句中各局部的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；2〕谓语动词的时态、语态；3〕非谓语动词的用法；4〕名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；5〕定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；6〕代词的格和性的使用是否有误；7〕定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；8〕并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的附属连词用的是否得当。短文改错解题四原那么1〕改动以最少为原那么2〕虚词以添加或删除为原那么3〕实词以改变词形为原那么4〕以保持句子原意为原那么短文改错解题步骤1〕通读全文，掌握大意2〕整句分析，逐行推敲3〕反复通读，复查验证解题注意要点和能力培养①核对错项时，假设确实有一时难以改出的地方。可以参考所改动项是否根本符合“1126〞等题型比例。正确1个，多一词1个，缺词2个，错词6个。②核对改正的语法工程是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。原文中每行改动只能改一词，答案也只能是一词。③核对答题符号是否标准，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大写和拼写等问题④如有两行都难以找到错误时，与其乱改一行，不如都打“√〞以确保一行正确。⑤从作文入手，提高自身语言运用素质⑥合作学习，帮批帮改，提高识错、纠错能力⑦精炼短文改错，抓好写、比、改三步例题分析TomandDickarenextdoorneighborwhowork1.________inthesameofficesotheywalkedtogethertoandfrom2.________office.Somedayastheywerewalkinghometogetherit3.________suddenstartedtorain.Tomquicklyopenedhisumbrella4.________andsaid,"Mywifesurelyhasforesight(预见).Shesaid5.________onthismorningitwouldrainandtoldmetocarrymy6.________umbrellawithme."Dicksmiledandwalkedtohim,said,7.________"Mywifehasevengreatforesight.Shetoldmenotto8.________carryanumbrellaandassheknewyouwouldcertainly9.________havewithyou."10.________首先通读全文，掌握大意此文讲述的是邻居Tom和Dick的故事。整句分析，逐行推敲第二遍阅读后容易改出的题有.10然后先看前6项第3项翻译整句为：有一天当他们一起走路回家时天突然开始下雨了。Someday不能表示有一天，属于固定搭配中修饰词有误。③第5项，由于对foresight的意思和用法不清楚，不能轻易改动。暂放一边。现在看7－10项。第7项翻译意思：Dick笑了笑并且走向他〔Tom〕，说到…..，翻译后很容易可以看出said前有一个逗号，and连接的动词只有smiled和walked。说明此处有错。第8题，又出现了foresight。现在来比拟第5项和第8项的两个句子。1〕Mywifesurelyhasforesight(预见)我的妻子肯定地作出了预见〔Tom’swife〕2〕Mywifehasevengreatforesight。我的妻子作出了更大的预见(Dick’swife)比拟两句后可以判断这里的foresight不是一个动词而是一个不可数名词。可以判定great有错。并可以反推第5项应该没有错误。(Dick的妻子说的话明显有比拟的含义并且这样才能突出文章的幽默感)第9项理清句子结构后，可以看出有一词是多余的。总结错误考查点有1.名词单复数2.时态3.固定搭配4。词性5.多余的介词和连接词6.非谓语7.形容词的比拟级8.少了代词。题型比例1个正确，缺词1个，多词2个，错词6个、浙江省高考短文改错新题型。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号〔∧〕，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者〔从第11处起〕不计分Passage1Itwas7:15inthemorningofFebruary8,2007．

IwaswalkingalongParkRoadtowardstheeastwhile

anoldmancameoutoftheparkontheothersidesofthe

street．ThenIsawayellowcardriveupThirdStreetandmade

arightturnintoParkRoad．Thenextmomentthecarhit

themanwhileshewascrossingtheroad．Hefellwithacry．

Thecardidn’tstopanddriveoffatfullspeedheadingwest．

Inoticedthedriverwasyoungwomanworeapairofglassesandtheplate

numberwasAC864．Aftertwominuteslater,Istopped

apassedcarandtooktheoldmantothenearesthospital．

Passage2IoftenquarrelaboutmymotheroverwhetherIcanwatchTVafterschool.Sheholdsviewthatseniorthreestudentshavetomakefullyuseofeveryminutetoworkhardattheirlessons.ItseemstomethatonceIamallowedtodothat,I’llunabletocontrolmyselfandforgetallaboutmystudy.Shealsothinksitisbadformyeye.ButIreallycan’tacceptherideas.Inmyopinion,watchTVcansetmymindatrestafteraday’shardworks.Besides,itisimportantforustoknowwhathadhappenedathomeandatabroad.Thus,weshouldn’tbeforbiddentowatchTV.Passage3Dearsir,LastyearIbuyarefrigeratorinyourstoreonChangAnroad.Wealllikeshapeoftherefrigerator.AndrecentlyIfindsomethingiswrongwithit.Itbeginstomakenoisewhenitturnedon.Atfirstitislowbutgraduallyitbecomelouderandlouder.Tomakethematterworse,itevenstopsworkingsometimes.Weallfeeldisappointing.Iamwritingyoutoaskforhelp.Wouldyoupleasesendapeopletorepairit?Iwillathomethisweekend.Pleasecallmebeforeyoucometohere.Mytelephonenumberis6606.5531.Thanksyouverymuch.CustomerLiMingPassage4IfirstmetLiMingatafriendbirthdaypartyfiveyearsago.ThenIinvitedLiMingoverinmyplace.WelistentomyCDstogetherandsoonbecomebestfriends.Threeyearsago,LiMing’sparentsinvitedItospendtwowonderfulweekinQingdaowiththemduringthesummerholiday.LiMingandIlovedwalkingalongthebeautifullybeachesthere.LastyearIwasillbuthadtostayinhospitalforaweek.LiMingcameseemeeveryday.Thenhisfatherhaschangedjobsandtheymovedtoanothercity.Sincethenwehaven’tseeeachothermuch.Butwe’vekeptwritingtoeachother.Passage5Ifeelquitesurethechemistrytestthatwe’regoingtohavetomorrow.TheteacherhasalreadytoldusexactwhattostudyandIthinkmygradesonhomeworkhasbeengood．Inafact,IthinkchemistryhasalwaysbeenoneofthesubjectsthatIenjoyitmost.SusanandIhadalreadyspenttwohoursreviewpages115-140tonight.Wearegoingtodevoteanotherhourtopractisewithsomeofthesample(实例)problem.ThenIwillreadyforthetest.Passage6DearSusan,I'mverygladlytohearyouarecomingtovisitmethenextFriday.Unfortunately,Iwon'tbeabletomeetyouattheairportalthoughIhaveclassesintheafternoon.Youwon'tfinddifficulttogettothecitycenter.Theairportbusleavesevery30minuteandwilltakeyourightlytotheFriendshipHotel.MyclasseswillbeoverbythenorIwillpickyouupthere.Iwilltakeyoutogethertoahotpotrestaurantfordinnerandwe'lltalkwithourplanfortheweekendoverdinner.HavingapleasanttripandseeyouFriday.Yours,ZhangMingPassage7SomedayIhappenedtofindachattingroominmyQQ,therepeoplewerechattinginEnglish.Itriedtochatwithsomeofthem.Tomysurprised,IfoundtheoralEnglishofsomejuniorstudentswerebetterthanme.IaskedthemforadviceandtheytoldmetopractisemoreonQQ.ButeverydayafterthatIwouldspendonehourpractisemyoralEnglishonQQ.DaybydayIlearnedfrommanyusefulwordsandexpressions.Withtimewentby,IfoundthatIcouldevencommunicatesomecollegestudentsfreely.Passage8IfIhavethehonortobechosetoworkforthe29thOlympicGames,IwillatfirstimprovemyEnglishsothatIcantalkeasilyaboutforeignvisitors.Second,IwilllearnmoreabouthistoryoftheOlympicsasmuchasthe2023OlympicGames.Third,sinceIwasfamiliarwithBeijing,Icanhelpvisitorsfindtheirwaysinthecity.Finally,Ishouldbeabletotellvisitorsaboutourhistoryorcultureandshowthemtheirgre