Unit 13 Free Trade Zone 财经专业英语教程（第四版）课件

Unit13FreeTradeZone财经专业英语教程（第四版）课件

[Para1]Afreetradezone(FTZ)orexportprocessingzone(EPZ),alsocalledforeign-tradezone,formerlyfreeport,isanareawithinwhichgoodsmaybelanded,handled,manufacturedorreconfigured,andreexportedwithouttheinterventionofthecustomsauthorities.Onlywhenthegoodsaremovedtoconsumerswithinthecountryinwhichthezoneislocateddotheybecomesubjecttotheprevailingcustomsduties.Free-tradezonesareorganizedaroundmajorseaports,internationalairports,andnationalfrontiers—areaswithmanygeographicadvantagesfortrade.Itisaregionwhereagroupofcountrieshasagreedtoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

Freetradezonescanbedefinedaslaborintensivemanufacturingcentersthatinvolvetheimportofrawmaterialsorcomponentsandtheexportoffactoryproducts.Theworld'sfirstFreeTradeZonewasestablishedinShannon,Ireland(ShannonFreeZone).ThiswasanattemptbytheIrishGovernmenttopromoteemploymentwithinaruralarea,makeuseofasmallregionalairportandgeneraterevenuefortheIrisheconomy.Itwashugelysuccessful,andisstillinoperationtoday.Thenumberofworldwidefree-tradezonesproliferatedinthelate20thcentury.IntheUnitedStatesfree-tradezoneswerefirstauthorizedin1934.

[Para2]MostFTZslocatedindevelopingcountries:Brazil,Colombia,India,Indonesia,ElSalvador,China,thePhilippines,Malaysia,Bangladesh,Pakistan,Mexico,CostaRica,Honduras,Guatemala,Kenya,SriLanka,MauritiusandMadagascarhaveEPZprograms.In1997,93countrieshadsetupexportprocessingzonesemploying22.5millionpeople,andfiveyearslater,in2003,EPZsin116countriesemployed43millionpeople.

[Para3]Corporationssettingupinazonemaybegiventaxbreaksasanincentive.Usually,thesezonesaresetupinunderdevelopedpartsofthehostcountry;therationaleisthatthezoneswillattractemployersandthusreducepovertyandunemployment,andstimulatethearea'seconomy.Thesezonesareoftenusedbymultinationalcorporationstosetupfactoriestoproducegoods(suchasclothingorshoes).

[Para4]FreetradezonesinLatinAmericadatebacktotheearlydecadesofthe20thcentury.ThefirstfreetraderegulationsinthisregionwereenactedinArgentinaandUruguayinthe1920s.TheLatinAmericanFreeTradeAssociation(LAFTA)wascreatedinthe1960TreatyofMontevideobyArgentina,Brazil,Chile,Mexico,Paraguay,Peru,andUruguay.However,therapiddevelopmentoffreetradezonesacrosstheregiondatesfromthelate1960sandtheearly1970s.LatinAmericanIntegrationAssociationisaLatinAmericantradeintegrationassociationcreatedin1980,basedinMontevideo.

[Para5]FreeTradeZonesarealsoknownasSpecialEconomicZonesinsomecountries.SpecialEconomicZones(SEZs)havebeenestablishedinmanycountriesastestinggroundsfortheimplementationofliberalmarketeconomyprinciples.SEZsareviewedasinstrumentstoenhancetheacceptabilityandthecredibilityofthetransformationpoliciesandtoattractdomesticandforeigninvestment.

[Para6]In1999,therewere43millionpeopleworkinginabout3000FTZsspanning116countriesproducingclothes,shoes,sneakers,electronics,andtoys.ThebasicobjectivesofEPZsaretoenhanceforeignexchangeearnings,developexport-orientedindustriesandtogenerateemploymentopportunities.

[Para7]ManyintheeconomicdevelopmentcommunityandrealestatedevelopmentfieldhaveheardmuchabouthowtheForeign-TradeZoneprogramattractsfirmsofalltypestoFTZdesignatedindustrialparksandproperty.ManyForeign-TradeZoneprojectshavebeenstartedwiththephilosophyof“establishit,andtheywillcome”.TherealityisthatforFTZGranteestoreceivetheeconomicdevelopmentbenefitstheydesire,therightchoicesinmanyareasmustbemade.TheForeign-TradeZoneCorporationwillguideGranteesanddeveloperssothatthebestchoicesaremadesothattheFTZprojectmaximizesitspotentialbyattractingprospectivecompaniesaswellasprovidinganavenuetoprovidingthemaximumbenefittoexistingcompaniesinthearea.OnechoicethatGranteesarefacedwithiswhetherornottoexpandaForeign-TradeZoneorreorganizeitusingtheAlternativeSiteFramework(ASF).

[Para8]InJanuary2009,theForeign-TradeZonesBoardadoptedaFTZBoardstaffproposaltomakewhatitcalledtheAlternativeSiteFramework(ASF)asameansofdesignatingandmanaginggeneral-purposeFTZsitesthroughreorganization.TheASFprovidesForeign-TradeZoneGranteeswithgreaterflexibilitytomeetspecificrequestsforzonestatusbyutilizingtheminorboundarymodificationprocess.ThetheoryoftheASFisthatbymorecloselylinkingtheamountofFTZdesignatedspacetotheamountofspaceactivatedwithCustomsandBorderProtection,Zoneuserswouldhavebetterandquickeraccesstobenefits.WhenaFTZGranteeevaluateswhetherornottoexpanditsFTZprojectinordertoimprovetheeaseinwhichtheZonemaybeutilizedbyexistingcompanies,aswellashowitattractsnewprospectivecompanies,theAlternativeSiteFramework(ASF)shouldbeconsidered.TheASFmaybeanappropriateoptionforcertainForeign-TradeZoneprojects,butthedecisionofwhethertoadoptthenewframeworkandwhattheconfigurationofthesitesshouldbewillrequirecarefulanalysisandplanning.RegardlessofthechoicetoexpandtheFTZproject,thesitesshouldbeselectedandtheapplicationshouldbedraftedinsuchamannerastoreceiveswiftapproval,whilemaximizingbenefittothosethatlocateintheZone.SuccessfulzoneprojectsaregenerallytheresultofaplandevelopedandimplementedbyindividualsthatunderstandallaspectsoftheFTZprogram.

[Para9]TheForeignTradeZoneBoard(FTZB)approvesthereorganizationofForeignTradeZone(FTZ)32underthealternativesiteframework.Theapplicationsubmittedbyitsgrantee,TheGreaterMiamiForeignTradeZonewasapprovedandofficiallyorderedbytheFTZBonJanuary8,2013.FromCalifornia,toOklahomatoNorthCarolinatoNewYorkState,FTZsallacrossthenationhaverecentlybeenmakinguseoftheflexibleopportunitiesofferedbytheAlternativeSiteFramework(ASF)program.TheASFprogramisdesignedtoservezoneprojectsthatwanttheflexibilitytobothattractusers/operatorstocertainfixedsitesbutalsowanttheabilitytoservecompaniesatotherlocationswherethedemandforFTZservicesarisesinthefuture.FTZ32wasfoundedin1979andprocessesover$1billioningoodswithproductsfrommorethan65countriesandexportedtomorethan75countriesworldwide,withspeedandefficiency.AccordingtotheofficialorderfromtheFTZB,FTZ32existingsite1,MiamiFreeZonewillbeclassifiedasamagnetsite.1.[Para1]Onlywhenthegoodsaremovedtoconsumerswithinthecountryinwhichthezoneislocateddotheybecomesubjecttotheprevailingcustomsduties.Onlywhen从句后面的主句要用倒装语序；主句里的becomesubjectto表示“遵守”。全句的译文可以是：只有产品到达客户所在国的自贸区，才要缴纳通行的关税。2.[Para5]SpecialEconomicZones(SEZs)havebeenestablishedinmanycountriesastestinggroundsfortheimplementationofliberalmarketeconomyprinciples.句中as介词后面是一个长长的名词短语，testinggrounds为“试验基地”；implementationofliberalmarketeconomyprinciples“贯彻自由市场原则”。全句的译文可以是：很多国家建立了经济特区，将其作为实行自由市场原则的实验基地。3.[Para5]SEZsareviewedasinstrumentstoenhancetheacceptabilityandthecredibilityofthetransformationpoliciesandtoattractdomesticandforeigninvestment.在instrument（工具，手段）后跟了两个动词不定式：toenhancetheacceptabilityandthecredibilityofthetransformationpolicies“提升政策转换的接受度和可信度”；toattractdomesticandforeigninvestment“吸引国内外的投资”。既然是试验区，政策必须转换，这就有一个接受和建立信誉的过程。4.[Para7]ManyintheeconomicdevelopmentcommunityandrealestatedevelopmentfieldhaveheardmuchabouthowtheForeign-TradeZoneprogramattractsfirmsofalltypestoFTZdesignatedindustrialparksandproperty.主语many后是一个后置的in介词短语，即“经济开发区和房地产开发领域的很多人”；谓语动词haveheardmuch后边是一个长长的about介词短语：“有关外贸区如何吸引各类公司到特区指定的工业园和利用指定的工业资产的”。5.[Para7]ManyForeign-TradeZoneprojectshavebeenstartedwiththephilosophyof“establishit,andtheywillcome”.“establishit,andtheywillcome”的理念源自建造收费公路，公路建好了，交通工具就来了。6.[Para7]TherealityisthatforFTZGranteestoreceivetheeconomicdevelopmentbenefitstheydesire,therightchoicesinmanyareasmustbemade.句子的结构是Therealityisthattherightchoicesinmanyareasmustbemade.带逻辑主语的动词不定式是一个插入语，表示目的。全句的译文可以是“现实情况是，自贸区的受益人要获得他们所要求的经济发展利益，在很多方面必须做出正确的选择。”7.[Para7]TheForeign-TradeZoneCorporationwillguideGranteesanddeveloperssothatthebestchoicesaremadesothattheFTZprojectmaximizesitspotentialbyattractingprospectivecompaniesaswellasprovidinganavenuetoprovidingthemaximumbenefittoexistingcompaniesinthearea.主语TheForeign-TradeZoneCorporation，即外贸区公司，根据后边说到的业务，应该是指导自贸区业务的专业公司，will表示“通常”意义的情态动词，它负责指导自贸区的受益人和开发商。两个sothat表示梯次结果，保证自贸区的选项