选修6unit-1-Grammar-虚拟语气

虚拟语气(一)

SubjunctiveMood

(I)

[səb'dʒʌŋ(k)tiv]GRAMMER语法2023/1/11

陈述语气

(TheIndicativeMood)

Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.

Jackhaven’tcomebackhomeyet.HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?Whatasplendidpalace!

祈使语气

(TheImperativeMood)

Let’sgo.

Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一.语气的分类虚拟语气

TheSubjunctiveMood

1).IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.2).Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)gotothelibrarythisafternoon.条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句

和虚拟条件句

两种。真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。Ifitrains,thebasketballmatchwillbeputoff.b.虚拟条件句

表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhardtoenterthekeyuniversity.

二.虚拟条件句2023/1/11‘if’虚拟条件句的概念由

‘if’

引导的虚拟条件句叫作

‘if’虚拟条件句IcouldeasilyrecognizehimifIhadseenhimbefore.其他虚拟条件句Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavefinishedmyworkontime.三.‘if’虚拟条件句的结构a.表示现在的假设b.表示过去的假设c.表示将来的假设表示现在的假设What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…IfI____thelottery,I_________anexpensive

car.

wonwouldbuyIfIhadalotofmoney,

I_________avilla.wouldbuyIfI

had

alotofmoneynow,

I____________aroundthe

world.wouldtravelIfitwerefinenow,I________shopping.would

go条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去式did/werewould/could/should/might+V.(原)虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(break)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleontheearth?werewouldtakebrokewouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask表示过去的假设Ifhe__________morecarefully,

he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

IfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去过去完成时

haddonewould/could/should/might+have+donea.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanksc.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.d.Ifthehurricane____________(happen)duringthedaytime,there________________(be)moredeaths.hadmetwouldhavegonehadhappenedwouldhavebeenn.飓风，暴风表示将来的假设Ifhe

got

upearly,

he

wouldbe

ontime.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim?假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifhe

should

seeme,he

would

knowme.条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式将来1.动词过去式2.should+V.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksc.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,there________(be)nofriendship.d.Ifit___________________________(rain)tomorrow,we________________(notgoout).weretocontrolwouldberained/shouldrain/weretorainshouldnotgoout条件从句与---事实相反从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来过去式

did(或were)过去完成时haddonewould/could/should/might+dowould/could/should/might+have+done1.过去式

did2.should+V.(原)3.

were

todowould/could/should/might+do虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法

(没商量，无条件背会)详见课本P10有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现混合虚拟语气结构。.Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbewell..IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavegonetoseethefilmyesterday.在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。与过去相反与将来相反与现在相反与过去相反虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should时,可省略if,把were,had,should移到主语前面,采取部分倒装。1)IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.

WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.2)Iftheyweretoarrivebeforewedeparttomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfulparty.Weretheytoarrivebeforewedeparttomorrow,……3)

Ifyouhadstudiedhard,youmighthavepassedtheexam.Hadyoustudiedhard,youmighthavepassedtheexam.4)Ifheshouldbeinterestedinclimbing,I’llphonehim.

Shouldhebeinterestedinclimbing,I’llphonehim.

虚拟语气特殊句型wishInSubjunctivemood虚拟语气的特殊用法：1

wish+宾语从句：表示不能实现的愿望，表示“但愿...；…就好了；可惜…；…多好1.表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式。要是我能返老还童就好了。Iwish(that)Iwere

youngagain.我但愿自己能年轻10岁。IwishIweretenyearsyounger.2.表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形(不用should)

但愿将来某一天我能飞上月球。

IwishIcouldflytothemoononeday.3.表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去完成时（haddone）HowIwishIhadstudiedhardbeforetheexam.

要是考前努力学习了该多好啊！1.wish的宾语从句现在:

过去时（或were）过去:

过去完成时未来:would/could/might+V.shouldIwishI______（be)astallasYaoMing.wereIwishI______(be)abird.wereIwisheveryday____(be)mybirthday.wereIwish/wishedI____________(noteat)somuchwatermelon.hadn’t

eatenIwishit_________tomorrow.wouldrain2.wouldrathersb.宁愿/宁可某人...现在:过去:未来:过去时过去时过去完成时我宁可你现在去那里。(wouldrather)Iwouldratheryouwentt