大学英语课件lecture 2 Canterbury Tales

AnAgeofChaucer

(1340-1400)1.;;2021-03-28AportraitofChaucer2AportraitofChaucer3SocialBackgroundHundredYear’sWar(13371453)ItwasfoughtprimarilyoverclaimsbytheEnglishkingstotheFrenchthrone.Thoughprimarilyadynasticconflict,thewargaveimpetustoideasofbothFrenchandEnglishnationality.PeasantUprisingin1381Peasants’profounddissatisfactionswiththechurchandthenobility.Uprisingin1381wasgreatlyaidedbytheactivismofpeoplearousedbyJohnWyclifandhisfollowers.RisingStatusofEnglishLanguage4Chaucer’slifeandHisLiteraryCareerAsaboy,ChaucerwasintroducedtomostoftheLatinauthorsatSt.PaulSchoolAsapage,hewasinvolvedinthenobleandcourtlyworldoftheEnglishroyalfamily.Duringthediplomaticmissionstothecontinent,hegotintouchwiththeliterarycultureofFrance,Italy,searchingfornewpoemsandpoets.Healsohadawell-informedappreciationofthenativeEnglishtraditionandofseveralaccomplishedcontemporariesandaremarkablywidefamiliaritywithLatinliteratureoftheMiddleAges.Chauce’sexperiencesascourtier,soldier,diplomat,legislatorandburgherofLondonmakeshimfamiliarwiththelivesofvariousclasses.5ThreePeriodsofChaucer’sLiteraryCareerFrenchinfluence(1360-1372)TheBookofDuchess(dreamvision,octosyllabiccouplet)IncorporatingfeaturesfromseveralFrenchcourtlypoemsAlcione’sconfrontingthedeathofherbelovedhusband,Ceyx(Ovid,Metamorphoses,XI.)Italianinfluence(1372-1386)TheHouseofFame

(dreamvision,octosyllabiccouplet)AdreaminwhichthenarratorundertakesahaphazardjourneytothegoddessFame’sPalace(aeaglescoopingupthenarratorinhisclawsandcarrieshimtothefarawaydomainofFame’sTemple,Dante,PurgatorioIX.)TheParliamentofFowls(Rimroyalstanzaofsevendecasyllabic)Multiplicityofvoices:narrator-dreamer,Africanus,Nature,priest6EnglishVernacular

LondondialectSourcesofTheCanterburyTalesChaucer’spilgrimresemblesDante’spilgriminthatheprofessestohavetakenajourney,arecollectiverecordofwhichhenowshares.

DecameronbyGiovanniBoccacio(1313-1375)7

TheDecameronPROEM.

FirstDay

Introduction

NovelI

NovelII

NovelIII

NovelIV

NovelV

NovelVI

NovelVII

NovelVIII

NovelIX

NovelX.

Conclusion

SecondDay

ThirdDay

FourthDay

FifthDay

SixthDay

SeventhDay

EigthDay

NinthDay

TenthDay

TheAuthor'sEpilogue

8TheGeneralPrologue

TheKnight'sPrologueandTale

TheMiller'sPrologueandTale

TheReeve'sPrologueandTale

TheCook'sPrologueandTale

TheManofLaw'sPrologueandTale

TheWifeofBath'sPrologueandTale

TheFriar'sPrologueandTale

TheSummoner'sPrologueandTale

TheClerk'sPrologueandTale

TheMerchant'sPrologueandTale

TheSquire'sPrologueandTale

TheFranklin'sPrologueandTale

ThePhysician'sTale

ThePardoner'sPrologueandTale

TheShipman'sTale

ThePrioress'PrologueandTale

Chaucer'sTaleofSirTopas

TheTaleofMelibee

TheMonk'sPrologueandTale

TheNun'sPriest'sPrologueandTale

TheSecondNun'sPrologueandTale

TheCanon'sYeoman'sPrologueandTale

TheManciple'sPrologueandTale

TheParson'sPrologueandTale

Chaucer'sRetraction

910Acoverof

Chaucer’swork11TheCanterburyTales1.HowmanypilgrimsaremakingthejourneytoCanterbury?2.WhyareallthesepeoplegoingtoCanterbury?3.WhatplanforthegroupdoestheHostpropose?4.HowdoesChaucerhimselffitintothegroup?5.BywhatdevicesdoesChaucerrevealhischaracters?6.HowmanyofthetalesdidChauceractuallycomplete?12TheGeneralProloguePrologue:

aseparateintroductorysectionofaliterarywork.Couplet:

astanzaconsistingoftwolineswiththesamerhymeHeroiccouplet:apairofrhymingiambicpentameterlines

WhenthesweetshowersofAprilfallandshoot-/-/-/-/-/DownthroughthedraughtofMarchtopiercetheroot-/-/-/-/-/13TheCanterburyTalesisacollectionofstorieswrittenbyGeoffreyChaucerinthe14thcentury.Thetales,someofwhichareoriginalsandothersnot,arecontainedinsideaframetaleandtoldbyacollectionofpilgrimsonapilgrimagefromSouthwarktoCanterburytovisittheshrineofSaint

ThomasBecketatCanterburyCathedral.14WhenthesweetshowersofAprilfallandshootDownthroughthedroughtofMarchtopiercetherootBathingeveryveininliquidpowerFromwhichtherespringstheengenderingoftheflower15

春夜喜雨唐·杜甫好雨知时节，当春乃发生。随风潜入夜，润物细无声。161718微雨洒芳尘，酝造可人春色

酝造：酿造。可人：喜人。

宋石孝友《好事近》192021暖雨晴风初破冻，柳眼梅腮，已觉春心动。

——宋.李清照《蝶恋花》2223WhenalsoZephyruswithhissweetbreathExhalesanairineverygroveandheathUponthetendershoots,andtheyoungsunHishalf-courseinthesighoftheRamhasrun24东风何时至，已绿湖上山

唐丘为《题农父庐舍》252627theyouthfulsun/Hishalf-courseinthesighoftheRamhasrunThesunisyoungbecauseithasrunonlyhalfwaythroughtheRam,whichisthefirstsignoftheZodiac.ThesunrunsthroughthesignoftheRamannually,fromMarch21sttoApril21st.Forthezodiacsigns,seethefollowingpicture.28黄道十二宫视觉图29白羊座金牛座双子座巨蟹座狮子座处女座天秤座天蝎座射手座摩羯座水瓶座双鱼座

3031Aries/RamTaurusGeminiCancerLeoVirgoLibraScorpioSagittariusCapricornAquariusPisces

3233AndthesmallfowlsaremakingmelodyThatsleepswaythenightwiththeopeneye(sonaturepricksthemandtheirheartengages)34春在乱花深处鸟声中

宋陈亮《南歌子》

3536ThepeoplelongtogoonpilgrimagesthepalmerslongtoseekthestrangerstrandsOffar-offsaints,hallowedinsundrylands,Andspecially,fromeveryshire’sendinEngland,downtoCanterburytheywendtoseektheholyblissfulmartyr,quickingivinghelptothemwhentheyweresick.37AnotherpictureofthepilgrimsforChaucer’sCanterburyTales38WhatarethesymbolicmeaningsofpilgrimageinApril?Aprilisaseasonforrebirthornewlife.Thepilgrimsdotheirjourneytoholyplaces,whichimpliesanactofpurifyingsoulandconsequentlygettingarebirth.39ToChaucer,topraisenobledeedsandexposeevildeedsarethetwoeffectivemeansofpurifyinghumansoul.So,thestoriesinTheCanterburyTalesmainlyaimforpraiseandforcondemnation.Intermsofreligiousthemes,ChaucerisconnectedwiththeMedievalAges.40Howtounderstand“Whogavethemstrengthwhentheyweresickandfaint”?

AccordingtoChristianity,man’sfirstfallintheGardenofEdencauseddeathtoman,whichmeansthatman’sbodyisexposedtosickness.

Inanotherway,originalsin(breakingthecovenantwithGod)causedmantodeteriorateintoapatient,waitingforGod’scuring.Thismotifcanbefoundinmanywesternliteraryworks.41PilgrimstoCanterbury

42Symbolsareobjects,characters,figures,orcolorsusedtorepresentabstractideasorconcepts.SpringtimeTheCanterburyTalesopensinApril,attheheightofspring.Thebirdsarechirping,theflowersblossoming,andpeoplelongintheirheartstogoonpilgrimages,whichcombinetravel,vacation,andspiritualrenewal.Thespringtimesymbolizesrebirthandfreshbeginnings43Apilgrimageisareligiousjourneyundertakenforpenanceandgrace.PilgrimsarethosewhostrivetoobtainsalvationoftheirsoulthroughaphysicaljourneyundertakenforloveofGod.44TheOpeninglinesofTheGeneralPrologueThenarratoropenstheGeneralProloguewithadescriptionofthereturnofspring.HedescribestheAprilrains,theburgeoningflowersandleaves,andthechirpingbirds.Aroundthistimeofyear,thenarratorsays,peoplebegintofeelthedesiretogoonapilgrimage.ManydevoutEnglishpilgrimssetofftovisitshrinesindistantholylands,butevenmorechoosetotraveltoCanterburytovisittherelicsofSaintThomasBecketinCanterburyCathedral,wheretheythankthemartyrforhavinghelpedthemwhentheywereinneed.Thenarratortellsusthatashepreparedtogoonsuchapilgrimage,stayingatataverninSouthwarkcalledtheTabardInn,agreatcompanyoftwenty-ninetravelersentered.45Theprimaryfunctionoftheseopeninglinesistoprovideaphysicalsettingandthemotivationforth