【课件】Unit+4+Reading+and+Thinking+课件人教版（2019）必修第二册

UNIT4

HISTORYANDTRADITIONS

ReadingandThinkingPalaceofWestminster/HouseofParliament威斯敏斯特宫/议会大厦

theLondonEye伦敦眼也叫千禧之轮（MillenniumWheel），是世界上首座、也曾经是世界最大的观景摩天轮伦敦塔(TowerofLondon)，是英国伦敦一座标志性的宫殿、要塞，选址在泰晤士河。伦敦塔曾作为堡垒、军械库、国库、铸币厂、宫殿、天文台、避难所和监狱，特别关押上层阶级的囚犯，最后一次作为监狱使用是在第二次世界大战期间。1988年被列为世界文化遗产。伊丽莎白塔（ElizabethTower)，旧称大本钟(BigBen)，即威斯敏斯特宫钟塔，伊丽莎白塔于1858年4月10日建成，是英国最大的钟。世界上著名的哥特式建筑之一，伦敦的标志性建筑。2012年6月，英国宣布把伦敦著名地标“大本钟”的钟楼改名为“伊丽莎白塔”。格林威治（Greenwich）（格林尼治），英国伦敦的一个区，位于伦敦东南、泰晤士河南岸。1675-1948年设皇家格林尼治天文台。1884年在华盛顿召开的国际经度会议决定以经过格林尼治的经线为本初子午线，也是世界计算时间和地理经度的起点。剑桥大学牛津大学Whattypesofmapsdoyouknow?administrativezoningmap行政区划图topographicmap地形图trafficmap交通图weathermap气候图resourcemap资源图在右侧编辑区输入内容BeforereadingLookatthemap,canyoutellwhattypeofmapitis?Whatdothedifferentsymbols(e.g.,icons,circles,spots)andcolorsstandfor?Whatdoesitshow?Whatisitusedfor?020103在右侧编辑区输入内容BeforereadingCanyouquicklyfindthecapitaloftheUKonthemap?Giveyourreasons.HowmanypartscanyouseethatmakeuptheUK?0504Skimthepassageandanswerthequestions1.WhatarethefourcountriesoftheUnitedKingdom?Whattwowerethefirsttobejoinedtogether?2.Accordingtothetext,whataretwochiefadvantagesofstudyingthehistoryofacountry?0102ReadingfordetailsWHAT’SIN

A

NAME?名为何物？TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England-manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰----这些不同的名称是什么意思，许多人感到困惑。那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。Readingfordetailsbeconfusedby/about对……有疑问/感到困惑主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句what引导的名词性从句1.Whatshesawgaveherafright.2.ImanagedtogetwhatIwanted.3.There’ssomethinginwhathesays.4.That’swhatIwanttoknow.GrammarfocusReadingfordetailsInthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Later,inthe18thcentury,thecountryScotlandwasjoinedtocreatetheKingdomofGreatBritain.Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:"theUnitedKingdom"or"theUK".PeoplefromtheUKarecalled"British",whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.16世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在18世纪也加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。19世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国”。联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。ReadingfordetailsGrammarfocusFinally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfrom

theUK,which

resultedinthefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

breakaway(from)离开；脱离which在这里引导______________从句，修饰___________。resultfrom由……发生；随……产生resultin造成；导致(cause/leadto)非限制性定语前面整个句子最后，在20世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。ReadingfordetailsGrammarfocusPeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”,whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.refer...to谈到；查阅；参考；指的是；把……提交给

bereferredtoas

被称作…which在这里引导______________从句，修饰_____________。非限制性定语前面整个句子联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。ReadingfordetailsThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.However,theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexample,England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions,liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.AndtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。然而，他们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和法律制度。他们也有各自的国庆节和本国菜肴。他们甚至拥有自己的足球队，出征诸如“世界杯”之类的赛事！ReadingfordetailsGrammarfocusTheyusethesameflag,knownas

theUnionJack,aswellas

sharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.knownas为动词的过去分词作__________。militarydefence

军事防卫

inone’sdefence为某人辩护indefence自卫sharesth(withsb)(与某人)共同拥有某物后置定语像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。aswellas同（一样也）；和；还ReadingfordetailsTheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedby

evidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotook

overatdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.Thefirstgroup,theRomans,cameinthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.Next,theAnglo-Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。第一组群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。之后是昂格鲁-撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国。ReadingfordetailsGrammarfocusAlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedby

evidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewho

tookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.besurroundedby/with被……所包围；被……环绕

thesurroundingscenery四周的风景takeover控制；占领；接收；接管who在这里引导________从句，修饰先行词_______。定语people英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。ReadingfordetailsTheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage,andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses.TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury,leftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary,andalsothenamesofmanylocationsacrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.They

conqueredEnglandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench,somanyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintotheEnglishlanguage.他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。最后一个是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。诺曼人即为法国人，许多法语单词因此慢慢进入了英语。ReadingfordetailsGrammarfocusTheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegalsystem.havesthtodo有事情要去做(强调说话人要做某事)havesthdone某事被完成；遭遇某种不幸的事Ihavealotofhomework_______(do)tonight.Ihadthatdoor________(paint)lastweekafterpaying50yuan.todopainted他们在英格兰各地修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。Howdidthenationalflagschange?16thcenturyEngland18thcentury19thcentury20thcenturyWalesEnglandScotlandEnglandGreatBritainGreatBritainIrelandTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelandRepublicofIrelandTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelandReadingfordetailsThereissomuchmoretolearnabouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,asitisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore,andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelicsfromallovertheUK.TheUKisafascinatingmixofhistoryandmodernculture,withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。市内可供游览的历史遗址数不胜数，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新旧传统并存，引人入胜。用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。ReadingfordetailsGrammarfocusThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,asitisanancientportcitythat

hasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.

as可以引导：Ashefeelsuncomfortable,hedoesn’tgotoschooltoday.

原因状语从句

YoumustcompletethistaskasIhavetoldyou.方式状语从句Littleboyasheis,heknowsalot.让步状语从句Asthetimewenton,theweathergotworse.时间状语从句以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。dateback(to)/datefrom追溯到；远在……年代that在这里引导_定语_从句AnalysethestructureofthepassagePart1(Paragraph1&2):TheoriginofthenameoftheUKPart2(Paragraph3):ThefourcountriesworktogetherinsomeareasPart3(Paragraph4&5):Thehistory,traditionsandcultureoftheUKRomansarrived;townsandroadsAnglo-Saxonscame;languagesandthewayhouseswerebuiltVikingscame;vocabularyandnames