上海市黄浦区2019届高三英语一模

文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！11/11文档供参考，可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！黄浦区2018学年第一学期期末质量试卷高三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2018.12Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.JustHowBuggyisYourPhone?Whatiteminyourhomecrawlswiththemostgerms?Ifyousay___21___toiletseat,you’rewrong.Kitchenspongestopthelist.Butcellphonesareprettydirtytoo.Theycontainaround10timesasmanygermsastoiletseats.Peopletouchtheirphones,laptops,andotherdigitaldevicesalldaylong,yetrarelycleanthem.Inoneincident,athiefpaidaterriblepriceforstealingagermycellphone.HestoleitfromahospitalinUgandaduringawidespreadofthedeadlydiseaseEbola.Thephone’sownerreportedthetheftbefore___22___（die）fromthedisease.Soon,thethiefbeganshowingsymptomsandfinally___23___（confess）tothecrime.___24___inthatunusualcaseacellphonecarrieddangerousbacteria,notallgermsarebad.Mostcausenoharm.Infact,theycouldprovidehelpfulinformation.Lookatthesurfaceofyourphonecarefully.Doyouseesomedirtymars?“That'sallyou,”saysmicrobialecologistJarradHampton-Marcell.“That’sbiologicalinformation.”Itturnsoutthatthetypesofgermsthatyouapplyalloveryourphoneortabletaredifferentfrom___25___ofyourfriendsandfamily.They’relikeafingerprintthatcouldidentifyyou.Somedayinthefuture,investigatorsmayusethesemicrobialfingerprintstosolvecrimes.Phonesanddigitaldevicesmaybeoneofthebestplacestolookforbuggyclues.Ina2017study,researcherssampledarangeofsurfacesin22participants’homes,___26___countertopsandfloorstocomputerkeyboardsandmice.Thentheytriedtomatchthemicrobialfingerprintsoneachobjecttoitsowner.Theofficeequipmentwaseasiesttomatchtoitsowner.Inan___27___（early）study,adifferentgroupofresearchersfoundthattheycouldusemicrobialfingerprintstoidentifythepersonwho___28___（use）acomputerkeyboardevenafterthekeyboardsatuntouchedfortwoweeksatroomtemperature.Oneday,microbialsignaturesmightshow___29___peoplehavegoneandwhattheyhavetouched.Theycouldprove___30___anunmarkeddeviceisyours.So,sure,yourphoneisprettygermy.Doesthatinspireyou,ordoesitjustbotheryou?SectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.measurementB.similarC.remarkablyD.monetaryE.astronomyF.alteredG.civilizationH.definedI.independenceJ.invariablyK.dominatedTheNileTheancientGreekwriterHerodotusoncedescribedEgypt-withsomeenvy-as‘thegiftoftheNile’.TheEgyptiansdependontheriverforfood,forwaterandforlife.TheAncientEgyptianswereabletocontrolandusetheNile,creatingtheearliestirrigationsystemsanddevelopingaprosperous___31___.Snakingthroughthedeserts,theNilewouldfloodalmost___32___eachyearinJune.Oncethewatersubsided,arichdepositofsandwasleftbehind,makinganexcellenttopaoil.Seedsweresown,yieldingwheat,barley,beans,lentilsandleeks.DroughtcouldspelldisasterfortheEgyptians,soduringthedryseasons,theydugbasinsandchannelstodeliverwatertotheirland.Theyalsodevisedsimplechannelstotransferwateratthepeakoftheflood.Anearlysystemof___33___aNilometer,wasusedtodeterminethesizeofthefloods.Later,duringtheNewKingdom,aliftingsystemcalledashadufwasusedtoraisewaterfromtheriver--___34___tothewayinwhichawellisusedtoday.TheEgyptianstookupsomeoftheearliesttradingmissions.Withouta(n)___35___systemtheyexchangedgoods,bringingbacktimber,preciousstones,pottery,spicesandanimals.Theireffortsinmedicinewerealso___36___advanced:surgeonsperformedoperationstoremovecysts（囊肿）.Mummificationgavethemgreatunderstandingofthehumanbody-yettheyalsoreliedheavilyonvariousmedicinestopreventdisease,anddiscoverieswereoftenconfusedwithsuperstition（迷信）.Andwhileagreatdealoftimewasdedicatedto___37___theEgyptiansthoughtthestarsweregods.Bythe16thcenturyEgyptwasundertheOttomanEmpireuntilBritainseizedcontrolin1882.WhatisnowmostlyArabicEgyptonlywon___38___fromBritainafterWorldWarⅡ.TheSuezCanal,openedin1869,__________thecountryasacenterforworldtransportation.Butit,andthecompletionoftheAswanHighDamin1971___40___theecologyoftheNile,whichnowstrugglestosatisfythecountry’srapidlygrowingpopulation,currentlymorethan76million-thelargestintheArabworld.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.KeepingTheTapsRunninginThirstyCitiesWatercovers71%ofEarth’ssurfaceyetonly2%ofitisaccessibleasasourceoffreshwater.___41___onthislimitedresourcesisrising,atrendlikelytocontinue.Itisimportanttorecognizethatitisnotjustcityresidentswho___42___water.Agriculture,industryandtourismoftenrequiremorewaterthanthemunicipalwatersupply.Globally,70%offreshwateris___43___foragriculture,butlocallyinheavilyirrigated（灌溉）areasthiscanincreateto90%.Ahealthyenvironmentalsorequiresfreshwater,andthequalityofavailablewaterisasimportantasits___44___.Waterstressisnotalwayscausedbyphysicalshortagesindryareas.___45___forwaterresourcesbetweendifferentuserswithinrivercatchmentsorbasinscanalsobeacause.Everythirstycityoperateswithinitsowncontext,___46___tothechallengeofprovidingadequatewatersupplies.CapeTown,___47___,hasfacedthreeyearsofdroughtduringwhichwinterrainsfailedtomaterialize.Attheendofthe2017rainyseasonthecityfacedthe___48___ofitsdamsrunningdryduring2018.Thedamswereonly37%full—inthesameweekfouryearsbeforetheywerefulltothetop.InJanuary2018,itwas___49___thatCapeTownwouldreachDayZero,whenitwouldbeforcedtoturnoffthetaps,inApril.Thiswasdespitethecityreducingitswaterusebymorethanhalf,from1.2billionlitresadayin2015tofewerthan600millionlitres,andworking___50___withindustryandagriculturetoreducedemand.OnFebruary1,theauthoritiesputinplaceastrictlimitof50litresofwaterperpersonperday.___51___,inBritainthisisconsideredenoughforafive-minuteshowerofhalfawashingmachinecycleonfullload.Inaddition,abanwasplacedonusing___52___waterforgardens,watermanagementdeviceswereinstalledathouseholdwithahighwateruseandthewaterpressurewasreducedtocutdemandandleaks.Atthesame,thecitylaunchedamedia___53___tochangehabitsandintroducedhigherduties.Thisisnotwithoutitscosts;agricultureandtourism,bothsignificantareasofemployment,have___54___.Itisaclassicexampleoftheproblemofwatereconomics-thecostofwaterislowbutthecostofalackofwaterisveryhigh.CrisessuchastheCapeTowndroughtareindangerofbecomingthenewnorm.The___55___ofDayZeromustserveasawake-upcallforcitiesacrosstheworldtodevelopcost-effectivewatermanagementstrategiestocopewithanuncertainfuture.41.A.Impact B.Pressure C.Impression D.Observation42.A.recycle B.waste C.consume D.apply43.A.restored B.abstracted C.separated D.preserved44.A.change B.source C.origin D.volume45.A.Competition B.Protection C.Construction D.Regulation46.A.contributing B.regarding C.responding D.referring47.A.inaddition B.forexample C.onthecontrary D.asaresult48.A.prospect B.illustration C.symptom D.security49.A.reported B.presented C.predicted D.explained50.A.respectively B.increasingly C.restrictively D.extensively51.A.Bycomparison B.Inotherwords C.Tooursurprise D.What’smore52.A.feasible B.drinkable C.inevitable D.influential53.A.campaign B.statement C.presentation D.advertisement54.A.invaded B.liberated C.suffered D.proceeded55.A.change B.theory C.record D.threatSectionB(A) Despiteanadvertisementcampaignsuggestingwall-to-wallspecialeffects,“BridgeofTerabithia”isgroundedinrealityfarmorethaninfantasy.AdaptingKatherinePaterson’saward-winningnovel,thescreenwritersDavidPatersonandJeffStockwellhaveproducedathoughtfulandextremelyaffectingstoryofatransformativefriendshipbetweentwounusuallygiftedchildren.Theresultisamoviewhoseemotionaldepthcouldappealmoretoadultsthantotheirchildren. JessAarons(JoshHutcherson)isasixthgraderwithfoursisters,financiallytensedparentsandatalentfordrawing.Anintroverted(内向的)kidwhoisregularlypickedonbytheschoolbuses,JessformsabondwithanewstudentnamedLeslie(AnnaSophiaRobb),afreespiritwhoseparents,bothwriters,arefondlyneglectful.Anattractionbetweenoutsiders,theirfriendshipfeedsonherwordsandhispictures;togethertheycreateanimaginarykingdominthewoodsbehindtheirhomes,aworldtheycancontrolandwheretheirmindscanwanderfree. Beautifullycapturingatimewhenabullyinschoolcanoccuraslargeasamonsterinanightmareandtheencouragementofateachercanalterthecourseofalife,“BridgetoTerabithia”keepsthefantasyinthebackgroundtofindmagicintheeveryday.GaborCsupodirectsthis,hisfirstfeature,likesomeoneclosetothepainofbeingdifferent,fascinatedintiny,perfectdetails. Withstrongperformancesfromalltheleads,“BridgetoTerabithia”isabletohandleadulttopicswithsensitivity.Astheemotionallandscapedarkens,thosewhohaven’treadthebookmaybesurprisedatthesorrowthefilmmakerscausewithouteverresortingtohorrororterror.Inotherwords,yourchildrenmaycry,buttheywon’tbetraumatizedsobadly. Consistentlysmartanddelicateasaspiderweb,“BridgetoTerabithia”isthekindofchildren’smovierarelyseennowadays.Atatimewhenmanypublicschoolsarebeingforcedtocutmusicandartfromthecurriculum,thestory’sinsistenceonthehealingpowerofacultivatedimaginationisbothwelcomeandessential.56. ThesecondparagraphindicatesthatJessandLeslie________. A.losttheircontrolovertheimaginarykingdom B.lookeddownontheirindividualrealities C.formedagoodfriendshipdespitetheirdifferenttalents D.wroteabookaboutamagicallandcalledTerabithia57. Whichofthefollowingwordsismostlikelytoreplace“traumatized”(paragraph4)? A.criticized B.ignored C.delighted D.shocked58. Thetwochildrenmostlikely________. A.skippedschooltoplayinthewoodsbehindtheircampus B.createdanimaginaryworldasanescapefromreality C.disappointedtheirparentswiththeirover-activeimaginations D.wonagainstthebulliesatschoolwithstrongperformances59. Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith? A.Thefantasycomponentsofthemovieweretooover-done. B.Themovieismotionalbutnotmuchtoodramatic. C.“BridgetoTerabithia”hasanegativeimpactonpublicschooleducation. D.Childrenshouldn’twatchthefilmastheyaretooyoungtounderstandthetopics.(B)HotAirBalloonsAhotairballoonismadeupof3mainparts:TheEnvelopeTheactualfabricballoonwhichholdstheairTheBurnerTheunitwhichpushestheheatupintotheenvelopeTheBasketWherethepassengersandpilotstand Thebasisofhowtheballoonworksisthatwarmerairrisesincoolerair.Thisisbecausehotairislighterthancoolairasithaslessmassperunitofvolume.Masscanbedefinedbythemeasureofhowmuchmattersomethingcontains.Theactualballoonhastobelargeasittakesalargeamountofheatedairtoliftitofftheground.Theburnerusespropanegastoheatuptheairintheenvelopetomovetheballoonoffthegroundandintotheair.Thepilotmustkeepfiringtheburneratregularintervalsthroughouttheflighttoensurethattheballooncontinuestothestable.Naturally,thehotairwillnotescapefromthehotattheverybottomoftheenvelopasfirstly,hotairrisesandsecondly,thefloatingpowerkeepsitmovingup.Tomovetheballoonupwards,thepilotopensupthepropanevaluewhichletsthepropaneflowtotheburnerwhichinturnfreestheflameupintotheenvelope.Itworksinmuchthesamewayasagasgrill:themoreyouopenthevalve,thebiggertheflametobeattheairandthefastertheballoonrises.The“ParachuteValve”attheverytopoftheballooniswhatisusedtobringtheballoondowntowardstheground.Itisacircleoffabriccutoutofthetopoftheenvelopwhichiscontrolledbyaropewhichrunsdownthroughthemiddleoftheenvelopetothebasket.Ifthepilotwantstobringtheballoondown,heorshesimplypullsontheropewhichwillopenthevalve,lettinghotairescape,decreasingtheinnerairtemperature.Thiscoolingofaircausestheballoontoslowitsrise.Thepilotcanoperatehorizontallybychangingtheverticalpositionoftheballoonbecausethewindblowsindifferentdirectionsatdifferentaltitudes.Ifthepilotwantstomoveinaparticulardirection,heorshesimplyarisesandfallstotheappropriatelevelandrideswiththewind.60.Thepurposeofthisarticleisto__________.A.explainhowhotairballoonsworkB.illustratewhyhotairballoonsareusefulC.describehotairballoons’structureD.informreadersabouthowhotairballoonsaremade61.Whatwouldhappenifthe“ParachuteValve”couldnotbereleasedafteritwasopened?A.Theinsideoftheballoonwouldcontinuetoheatup.B.TheballoonwouldclimbupmorerapidlyC.Theself-sealingvalvewouldneedtotakeovertheroleoftheParachuteValve.D.Theballoonwouldbegintomovedownmorerapidly.62.Whichofthefollowingskillsorknowledgewouldbethemostusefultoaballoonpilot?A.Theabilitytosewthepanelsoffabrictogethertomakeaballoon.B.Anunderstandingofhowpropanegasismanufactured.C.Aknowledgeofthebackgroundofpassengerswhoaretravellingintheballoon.D.Aknowledgeofaircurrentsandwinddirectionsintheareawhereheispilotingtheballoon.(C)ThesurfaceofVenushasneverseemedveryhospitable.Temperatureschangearound470°C(900°F),theresultofarunwaygreenhouseeffect,andthepressureofitsatmosphere,thickwithcarbondioxideandsulfuricacid(硫酸),issome90timesthatofEarth’s.Lead(铅)wouldflowlikewateronVenus,andwatercannothaveexistedinliquidformforperhapsabillionyears.NowNASA’SMagellanspacecraftseemstohavefoundonemorehorrorinthenastylandscape:activevolcanoes.LastweekthespaceagencyreleasedthefirstdetailedmapofVenusandthemostdramaticimagesevermadeofitssurface.Thepictureofferthebestevidencetodatethataplanetonceassumeddeadisactuallyalivelypotofgeologicalchange.ThemostamazingimageisofVenus’ssecondtallestmountain,MaatMons,whichrises8km(5miles).Mostoftheplanet’smanypeaks,including9.5-km-(6-mile-)highMaxwellMontes,lookbrightintheradarpicturesMagellantakesfromitsorbitabovethepermanentcouldcover.Thatmeanstheyarestrongreflectorsofradarwaves.ButMaatMonsisdark;liketheStealthbomber,itabsorbsmuchoftheradarfallingonit.Thisinterestingfact,sayprojectscientists,isastronghintthatthemountainshasrecentlybeencoveredwithlava(熔岩).Rockthatsitsonthesurfaceofmountaintopsappearstoweatherquicklyinthehot,chemicallyreactiveatmosphere,creatingasoilthatisrichinironsulfide(硫化铁).Itisthismineral,thescientistsbelieve,thatcaneasilybeseenonradar.IfMaatMonsdoesn’thaveany,ithasprobablybeenresurfaced,perhapswithinthepastfewyears.SuchresurfacinghasundoubtedlytakenplaceinVenuslowlands:earlierimagesoftheplanetshowedvastareasthatareremarkablyfreeofcraters(火山坑).ThatwouldbeeasytoexplainonaPlanetlikeEarth,wherecrateringfrommeteorstrikesiserasedbysteadyerosion.ButwhilethereissomeevidenceofwinderosiononVenus,thebestexplanationforthelackofcrateringisperiodiclavaflow.Magellanhasfounddirectevidenceofsuchflows,includingdomelikeupwellingsandhardenedstreamedofrocktrailingdownthesidesofVenusianpeaks.Therearealsosignsofothergeologicactivities,includingdramaticfaultingandseveraldistinctincidentsofmountainbuilding.Buttheevidencecan’tindicatewhethertheyreallyoccurredmillionsofyearsago.ThecaseforactiveVenusianvolcanoesisnotyetproved,butMagellan,whichisnowwellintoitssecondcompletesurveyoftheplanet’ssurface,mayeventuallysettletheissue.63.WhichofthefollowinghasNOpossibilitytobefoundonVenusnow?A.CarbondioxideB.SulfuricacidC.LiquidwaterD.Activevolcanoes64.Thescientistsbelievethat_________showsupeasilyonradar.A.geologicalchangeB.ironsulfideC.mountainmineralD.lavaflow65.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.TheresurfacinghaschangedtheimagesofthevastareasinVenuslowlands.B.ThewinderosiononVenusiscausedbyperiodiclavaflowsC.StreamsofrocktrailingdownthesideofVenusianpeakscanbeseenonEarthD.Othergeologicactivitieshavecauseddramaticandunbelievableclimatephenomenon.66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.NASA’SMagallanspacecraftfailstostandtheenvironmentofVenus.B.ThereisclearandconfirmedevidencefortheactiveVenusianvolcanoesonVenus.C.SomeevidenceofperiodiclavaflowshasbeenfoundbyNASAastronauts.D.Magellanwillconductafollow-upcompletesurveyoftheVenus’surface.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencesgiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.However,facialrecognitionseemsmerelytoencodethem.B.Researchshowthatartificialintelligencecanreconstructthefacialstructuresofpeople.C.Anyonewithaphonecantakeapictureforfacial-recognitionprogramstouse.D.Technologyisrapidlycatchingupwiththehumanabilitytoreadfaces.E.Continuousfacialrecordingthatpaintscomputerizeddataontotherealworldmightchangethetextureofsocialinteractions.F.Theastonishingvarietyoffacialfeatureshelpspeoplerecognizeeachotherandiscrucialtotheformationofcomplexsocieties.NowhereToHide:WhatMachinesCanTellFromYourFaceThehumanfaceisaremarkablepieceofwork.67Soistheface’sabilitytosendemotionalsignals,whetherthroughtheunconsciousshameorthetrickofafalsesmile.Peoplespendmuchoftheirwakinglives,intheofficeandthecourtroomaswellasthebarandthebedroom,readingfaces,forsignsofattraction,hostility,trustanddeceit.Theyalsospendplentyoftimetryingtohidetheirfeelings,intentionsornature.68InAmericafacialrecognitionisusedbychurchestotrackworshippers’attendance;inBritain,byretailerstospotpastshoplifters.ThisyearWelshpoliceusedittoarrestasuspectoutsideafootballgame.InChinaitconfirmstheidentitiesofride-hailingdrivers,permitstouriststoenterattractionsandletspeoplepayforthingswithasmile.Apple’snewiPhoneisexpectedtouseittounlockthehomescreen.Setagainsthumanskills,suchapplicationsmightseemenhancive.Somebreakthroughs,suchasflightortheinternet,obviouslytransformhumanabilities.69Althoughfacesarepeculiartoindividuals,theyarealsopublic,sotechnologydoesnot,atfirstsight,intrudeonsomethingthatisprivate.Andyettheabilitytorecord,storeandanalyseimagesoffacescheaply,quicklyandonavastscalepromisesonedaytobringaboutfundamentalchangestonotionsofprivacy,fairnessandtrust.70Maskingtruefeelingshelpsfixthewheelsofdailylife.Ifyourpartnercanspoteveryprohibitedyawn,andyourbosseveryhintofannoyance,marriagesandworkingrelationshipswillbemoretruthful,butlessharmonious.Thebasisofsocialinteractionsmightchange,too,fromasetofcommitmentsfoundedontrusttocalculationsofriskandrewardderivedfromtheinformationacomputerattachestosomeone’sface.Relationshipsmightbecomemorereasonable,butalsotransactional.IV.SummaryWriting71.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.SportTourismTourismistheworld’slargestindustryandispredictedtogrowwellintotheyearstocome.Increasingly,theeconomicimportanceoftourismhasbeenrecognizedbygovernmentsaroundtheworld.Atthesametime,thetourismindustryhasbecomemorecomplicatedinitsdevelopmentandmarketingnewformsoftourism.Oneofthefastestgrowingpartsofthetourismindustryistravelrelatedtosportandphysicalactivity.Arecentsurveyfoundthatwhilethetraditionalbeachandsight-seeingvacationscontinuetopredominate,22%ofthosesurveyedreportedthatopportunitiestoparticipateinsportswereimportantwhenselectingavacation.Thetermsporttourismhasbeenadoptedinrecentyearstodescribesport-relatedleisuretravel.Itisgenerallyrecognizedthatthreearethreebroadcategoriesofsporttourism.Thefirstcategory.WatchingsportingeventsorSportsEventTourismincludeshallmarkeventssuchasFIFAWorldCupFootballChampionships,andtheOlympicgames.TournamentsponsoredbytheProfessionalGolfAssociationortheWorldTennisAssociationarealsopartofthespectator-centeredsectorofsporttourism.Thesecondtypeofsporttourism,celebrityandnostalgiasporttourisminvolvesvisitingfamoussports-relatedattractions.Visitsofthesportshallsoffamefallintothiscategory.Anotherformofcelebrityandnostalgiasporttourismthathasemergedinrecentyearsismeetingfamoussportspersonalities.Thecruiseindustryhasbe