国际贸易专业词汇

精品文档国际贸易专业英语（商务词汇汇总）目录：一、进出口贸易词汇⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯第2页二、贸易价格术语⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯第5页三、贸易保险、国际组织术语⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯第8页四、贸易价格术语⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯第11页五、贸易伙伴术语⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯第14页六、数量条件与外汇术语⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯第16页.精品文档一、进出口贸易词汇1.commerce theactivityofbuyingandselling,especiallyonalargescale贸易2.ExportDeclaration Aformtobecompletedbytheexporterortheirauthorized agentandfiled intriplicate byacarrier withtheUnitedStateCollector ofcustomsatthepoint ofexit.出口申报单3.import tobringorcarry infromanoutside source, especially tobringin(goodsormaterials)fromaforeigncountryfortradeorsale 进口4.importlicence Acertificate,issuedbycountriesexercisingimportcontrols,thatpermitsimportationofthearticlesstatedinthelicense. Theissuance ofsuchapermit frequently isconnectedwiththerelease offoreign exchangeneededtopayfortheshipmentforwhichtheimportlicensehasbeenrequested.进口许口证5.exportlicence Adocumentsecuredfromagovernment,authorizinganexportertoexportaspecificquantityofaparticularcommoditytoacertaincountry.Anexportlicenseisoftenrequiredifagovernmenthasplaceembargoesorotherrestrictionsuponexports.SeeGeneralExportLicense. 出口许口证6.inquiry anactofaskingforinformation 询盘7.delivery anitemoritemsdeliveredonaparticularoccasion. 交货8.order athing made,supplied, orservedasa resultofsuch arequest订货9.BillofLading Adocumentthatestablishesthetermsofacontractbetweenashipperandatransportationcompanyunderwhichfreightistobemovedbetweenspecifiedpointsforaspecifiedcharge.Usuallypreparedbytheshipperonformsissuedbythecarrier,itservesasadocumentoftitle,contract ofcarriage, andareceipt for goods.AlsoseeAirWaybillandOceanBillofLading. 提单10.EndorsementinBlank Commonlyusedonabankcheck,anendorsementinblankisanendorsementtothebearer.Itcontainsonlythenameoftheendorserandspecifies noparticular payee.Also,acommonmeansofendorsingbillsofladingdawntotheorderoftheshipper.Thebillsareendorsed"For..."(seeBillofLading,Order). 空白背书11.endorsed sign(achequeorbillofexchange)onthebacktomakeitpayabletosomeoneother thanthestated payeeortoacceptresponsibilityforpayingit 背书.精品文档12.cargoreceipt Isareceiptofcargoforshipmentbyaconsolidator(usedinoceanfreight). 承运货物收据13.catalogue apublication containing details andoften photographsofitemsforsale 商品目录14.RedClauseLetterofCreditAletterofcreditthatallowstheexportertoreceiveapercentageofthefacevalueoftheletterofcreditinadvanceofshipment.Thisenablestheexportertopurchaseinventoryandpayothercostsassociatedwithproducingandpreparingtheexportorder.红条款信用证15.exportsubsidyAneconomicbenefitgrantedbyagovernmenttoproducersofgoodsorservices,oftentostrengthentheircompetitiveposition.出口津贴16.favorablebalanceoftradeWhencountriesexportmorethantheyimport,theyaresaidtohaveafavorablebalanceoftrade.贸易顺差17.unfavorablebalanceoftradeWhentheyimportmorethantheyexport,anunfavorablebalanceoftradeexits.贸易逆差18.freetradezoneAportdesignatedbythegovernmentofacountryforduty-freeentryofanynon-prohibitedgoods.Merchandisemaybestored,displayed,usedformanufacturing,withinthezoneandre-exportedwithoutdutiesbeingpaid.Dutiesareimposedonthemerchandise(oritemsmanufacturedfromthemerchandise)onlywhenthegoodspassfromthezoneintoanareaofthecountrysubjecttotheCustomsAuthority.自由贸易区19.most-favorednationtreatment（MFNT）Thelistofacountry'simportdutiesiscalledatariffschedule.Asingletariffscheduleappliestoallgoods,nomatterwhattheircountryoforigin.Adoubleormulticolumnscheduleprovidesfordifferingratesdependingonthecountryoforigin.Mostmoderntradeagreementsaremadeonthebasisofwhatiscalledmost-favored-nationtreatment.最惠国待遇20.GeneralAverageWhendamagetocargoonboardavesselexceedscarrier'sinsurance,carrierwillreleasecargoonlywithanacceptanceagreementtoclaimonlyageneralpercentageofallthedamagesustained.共同海损21.CommercialInvoiceAnitemizedlistofgoodsshipped,usuallyincludedamonganexporter'scollectionpapers.商业发票22.OceanbillsofladingAreceiptforcargointransit,andacontractbetweentheexporterandanoceancarrierfortransportationanddeliveryofgoodstoaspecifiedpartyataspecifiedforeigndestination.Issuedafterthevesselhassailedand.精品文档thecargohasbeenenteredintheship'smanifest. 海运提单23.Customsliquidation Thefinalizationofacustomsentry. 清关24.CustomsBondedWarehouse Isa warehousewhereimportedgoodsmaybestored for atotal ofthree yearswithout thepaymentofdutyortaxes. 保税仓库25.dumping sending(goodsunsaleableinthehomemarket)toaforeignmarketforsaleatalowprice. 商品倾销26.export send(goodsorservices)toanothercountryforsale 出口27.CorrespondentBank Abankthat,initsowncountry,handlesthebusinessofaforeignbank. 通知行28.sightdraft adraftpayableuponpresentation. 即期汇票29.transferableL/C aletterofcreditpartofwhosevaluewhentheapplicantdefaultsonanotheragreedmethodofpayment 可转让信用证30.mark informationplacedonoutersurfaceofshippingcontainersorpackages such as address labels, identifying numbers, boxspecifications,caution,ordirectionalwarning. 唛头.精品文档二、贸易价格术语1.FOB(freeonboard) Sellerisresponsibleforinlandfreightandallothercostsuntilthecargohasbeenloadedonthevessel/aircraft.Buyer isresponsible for ocean/airfreightandmarine/airinsurance 离岸价（船上交货价）2.C&F(costandfreight) Isaquotedpriceincludescostofgoodsandfreight. 成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）3.CIF(cost,insuranceandfreight) Isaquotedpriceincludescostofgoods,insurance andfreight. 到岸价 （成本加运费、保险费价）4.reight Allmerchandise,goods,products,orcommoditiesshippedbysail,air,road,orwaterotherthanbybaggage,expressmail,orregularmail. 运费5.wharfage Achargeassessedbyapierordockowneragainstthecargoorasteamshipcompanyforuseofthepierordock. 码头费6.tariff customs,duty ；DutiesoradutyimposedbyagovernmentonImportedorexportedgoods. 关税7.commission Theamountpaidtoanagent,whichmaybeanindividual,aborker,orafinancialinstitutionforconsummatingatransactioninvolvingsaleorpurchaseofassetsorservices. 佣金8.returncommission Acommissionwhichispaidbackbytheagentifapolicy iscancelled beforeits normalexpiration date. 回佣，回扣9.net price price ofproduct(service) whichdoesnotcontain ValueAdeedTax净价10.wholesaleprice Wholesalingisthesaleofgoodsormerchandisetoretailers,toindustrial,commercial,institutional,orotherprofessionalbusinessusers 批发价11.discount/allowance Areductionfromthefullorstandardamoutofapiceordebt 折扣12.retailprice Thepricepaidbyaconsumertoadealerorindividualforavehicle.Thedealerorindividualsetstheretailpriceofausedcarbycalculatingthewholesalepricepaidplusreconditioningexpensesandothercosts 零售价13.spotprice thecurrentdeliverypriceofacommoditytradedinthespotmarket 现货价格14.currentprice prevailing price，thepricesofgoods andservicesinthereferenceperiod 现行价格/时价15.customsvaluationEstablishment,accordingtodefinedcriteria,ofthevalueofgoodsforthepurposeoflevyingadvaloremcustomsdutiesontheirimportation 海关估价.精品文档16.pricelistmeansthelistofchargesfortheProductasfoundontheSiteandVATattheprescribedrateandanyothertax,dutyorlevyimposedbylegislation.价目表17.stampdutystamptax，ataxcollectedbyrequiringastamptobepurchasedandattached(usuallyondocumentsorpublications).印花税18.revenuethetotalincomeabusinessfirmorgovernmentreceivesfromallsource税收，收入19.forwardpriceReferstosalesintothefutureofaphysicalcommoditybytheuseofforwardcontractingorfuturesandoptionshedging.Itisamarketingtoolforgrainbuyersandsellers.期货（远期）价格，期货价20.deductionanamountthatisormaybededucted；theactofdeducting；subtraction扣除（额）；减除（额）21.averagecostUsuallyreferstoaveragetotalcost，whichisthetotalcostofproductionofagoodorservice(includingthecostsoffixedinputsandvariableinputs)dividedbythequantityproduced.平均成本22.interestrateThefeechargedbyalendertoaborrowerfortheuseofborrowedmoney，usuallyexpressedasanannualpercentageoftheprincipal；therateisdependentuponthetimevalueofmoney，thecreditriskofthebprrowedandtheonflationrate.利率Interestratescanbecalculatedassimple，compoundedoreffective.23.importsurchargeAtemporarytaxonimportsoverandaboveestablishedtariffs,usuallyenactedintimesofeconomiccrisis进口附加税24.importlicenceAnimportlicenseisadocumentissuedbyanationalgovernmentauthorizingtheimportationofcertaingoodsintoitsterritory.进口许口证25.exportlicenceAdocumentsecuredfromagovernment,authorizinganexportertoexportaspecificquantityofaparticularcommoditytoacertaincountry.Anexportlicenseisoftenrequiredifagovernmenthasplaceembargoesorotherrestrictionsuponexports.SeeGeneralExportLicence出口许口证26.totalvaluefacevalue*placevalue.总值27.world(International)MarketpriceWorldmarketpricesofcommoditiesexchange国际市场价格28.openaccountCreditextendedthatisnotsupportedbyanote，mortage，orotherformalwrittenevidenceofindebtedness.Becausethismethodposesanobviousrisktothesupplier，itisessentialthatthebuy’sintegritybyunquestionable.赊账.精品文档29.averageprice Thepriceofahomedeterminedbytotalingthesalesprices ofall housessoldinanareaanddividing that numberbythenumberofhomes. 平均价格30.Port ofDischarge Port wherevesselisoff loadedandcargodischarges.卸货港.精品文档三、贸易保险、国际组织术语1.Insurer:insurancecompany:afinancialinstitutionthatsellsinsurance保险人2.Insured:apersonwhoseinterestsareprotectedbyaninsurancepolicy投保人Insurancepolicy:AnInsurancecontractdeterminesthelegalframeworkunderwhichthefeaturesofaninsurancepolicyareenforced.保险单4. proximate cause: anevent sufficiently related to a legallyrecognizableinjurytobeheldthecauseofthatinjury.近因原则TotalLoss:Totaled(shorthandfortotalloss)isatermusedintheinsuranceindustry.Generally,theinsuranceproviderwillonlypayoutthelessercostofbuyingareplacementvehicle,insteadofpayingtorepairtheoldonetoitspreviousstate.全部损失/全损6.PICC:People’sInsuranceCompanyofChina.aChineseinsurancecompany中国人民保险公司7.I.C.:ChinaInsuranceClause中国保险条款8.W/Wclause:WarehousetoWarehouseClause仓至仓条款9.AllRisks：Thisisaninsurancetermandthe“AllRisks”insurancewillnormallycoveragainstallrisksofwhatevernatureprovidedthattheyarerisksandnotcertainties.一切险10.W.A./W.P.A：(WithAverageorWithParticularAverage)Aninsurancetermmeaningthatpartiallossordamageofgoodsisinsured.Generallymustbecausedbyseawater.Manyhaveaminimumpercentageofdamagebeforepayment.Maybeextendedtocoverlossbytheft,pilferage,delivery,leakage,andbreakage.水渍险11.F.P.A.：(FreeofParticularAverage)Atermusedinmarineinsurancepoliciestoindicatethatwhiletheunderwriterisunwillingtoassumeliabilityforordinarypartiallossesduetothepeculiarqualitiesoftheparticulararticleortoitsformofpackage,heiswillingtobearpartiallosses,thedirectresultofstranding,sinking,burning,collision,orothernamedperil平安险WarRisk:Thepossibleaggressiveactionsagainstashipanditscargo by abelligerent government. This risk canbeinsuredbyamarinepolicywithariskclause. 战争险13. Strike，riotsandcivelcommotion ：）Aninsuranceclausereferringtolossordamagedirectlycausedbystrikers,locked-outworkmen,.精品文档personsparticipationinlabordisturbances,andriotsofvariouskinds.Theordinarymarineinsurancepolicydoesnotcoverthisrisk;coverageagainstitcanbeaddedonlybyendorsement.罢工、暴动、民变险14.Claim:anassertionofaright(astomoneyorproperty)索赔15.Disputes:disputeisacommencementofaconflictbetweenstatementsofacceptedfactandaneworunacceptedproposalthatdisagreeswith,arguesagainst,ordebatestheacceptedknowledgeoropinion.争议16.Penalty:theactofpunishing罚金条款17.Arbitration:(law)thehearinganddeterminationofadisputebyanimpartialrefereeagreedtobybothparties仲裁18.ForceMajeure:alleventswhicharebeyondthecontrolofthePartiestothisContract,andwhichareunforeseen,unavoidableorinsurmountable,andwhichariseaftertheEffectiveDateandWhichpreventtotalorpartialperformancebyandParty.不可抗力19.Arbitraltribunal:Anarbitraltribunal(orarbitrationtribunal)isapanelofoneormoreadjudicatorswhichisconvenedandsitstoresolveadisputebywayofarbitration.仲裁庭20.ArbitrationClause:Isastandardclausetobeincludedinthecontractsofexportersandimporters,assuggestedbytheAmericanArbitrationAssociation.ItstatesthatanycontroversyorclaimwillbesettledbyarbitrationinaccordancewiththerulesoftheAmericanArbitrationAssociation.仲裁条款21.Certificateoforigin:Astatementsignedbytheexporter,orhisagent,andattestedtobyalocalChamberofCommerce,indicatingthatthegoodsbeingshipped,oramajorpercentageofthem,originatedandwereproducedintheexporter'scountry产地证明书22.Inspectioncertificate:Adocumentcertifyingthatmerchandise(suchasperishablegoods)wasingoodsconditionimmediatelypriortoshipment.品质检验证书23.WTO：(WorldTradeOrganization)aninternationalorganizationdesignedtosuperviseandliberalizeinternationaltrade.世界贸易组织24.IMF：(InternationalMonetaryFund)aninternationalorganizationthatoverseestheglobalfinancialsystembyfollowingthemacroeconomicpoliciesofitsmembercountries,inparticularthosewithanimpactonexchangeratesandthebalanceofpayments.国际货币基金组织EFTA：(EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation)aEuropeantradeblocwhichwasestablishedasanalternativeforEuropean.精品文档stateswhodidnotjointhethen-EuropeanEconomicCommunity.欧洲自由贸易联盟AFTA：(ASEANFreeTradeArea)atradeblocagreementbytheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNationssupportinglocalmanufacturinginallASEANcountries. 东盟自由贸易区27. JCCT： (China-USJointCommissiononCommerceandTrade) 中美商贸联委会NAFTA：(NorthAmericanFreeTradeArea)atrilateraltradeblocinNorthAmericacreatedbythegovernmentsoftheUnitedStates,Canada,andMexico.北美自由贸易区UNCTAD：(UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment)Itistheprincipal organoftheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblydealingwithtrade,investmentanddevelopmentissues.联合国贸易与发展会议30. GATT： （GeneralAgreementonTariffs andTrade)theoutcomeofthefailureofnegotiatinggovernmentstocreatetheInternationalTradeOrganization(ITO). 关贸总协定.精品文档四、贸易价格术语1.stocks[massnoun]thecapitalraisedbyabusinessorcorporationthroughtheissueandsubscriptionofshares资本，股本2.cashsaleAlegaltermdenotingamercantiletransactioninwhichtitletomerchandisepasseswhenthebuyerpaystheseller.现货3.purchasetheacquisitionofsomethingforpayment;购买,进货4.bulksalesometimescalledabulktransfer,isasaleofgoodsbyabusinessthatrepresentsallorsubstantiallyallofitsinventorytoasinglebuyerunlesssuchasalewouldbecommonintheordinarycourseofitsbusiness.整批销售，趸售5.distributionchannelsDistribution(orplace)isoneofthefourelementsofmarketingmix.Anorganizationorsetoforganizations(go-betweens)involvedintheprocessofmakingaproductorserviceavailableforuseorconsumptionbyaconsumerorbusinessuser.销售渠道6.wholesalehistoricallycalledjobbing,isthesaleofgoodsormerchandisetoretailers,toindustrial,commercial,institutional,orotherprofessionalbusinessusers,ortootherwholesalersandrelatedsubordinatedservices.批发7.retailtradeRetailingconsistsofthesaleofgoodsormerchandisefromafixedlocation,suchasadepartmentstoreorkiosk,orbypost,insmallorindividuallotsfordirectconsumptionbythepurchaser.零售业8.hire-purchasemethodofbuyingsomethingbypayingoveranextendedperiod分期付款购买9.exclusiverightInAnglo-Saxonlaw,anexclusiverightisadefacto,non-tangibleprerogativeexistinginlaw(thatis,thepoweror,inawidersense,right)toperformanactionoracquireabenefitandtopermitordenyotherstherighttoperformthesameactionortoacquirethesamebenefit.独家经营/专营权10.unfaircompetitionCommercialconductthatthelawviewsasunjust.不合理竞争11.dumpingsellinggoodsabroadatapricebelowthatchargedinthedomesticmarket商品倾销12.antidumpingtheactofamanufacturerinonecountryexportingaproducttoanothercountryatapricewhichiseitherbelowthepriceitchargesinitshomemarketorisbelowitscostsofproduction反倾销13.unfavorablebalanceoftradeAnexpressiondenotingasituationwhereageographicalentity(beitanation,region,state,orcity)importsmoregoodsandservicesthanitexports.Itis.精品文档usedtodescibethesituationforbothindividualgoodsorservicesandforallgoodsandservicescombined. 贸易逆差14.free trade Freetrade exists whentheinernational exchangeofgoodsisneitherrestrictednorencouragedbygovernment-imposedtradebarriers.Subsequently,thedeterminationofthedistribution andlevel ofinternational trade is left totheoperationofmarketforces.自由贸易15.non-tariffbarriersEconomic,political,administrativeorlegalimpedimentstotradeotherthanduties,taxesandimportquotas.非关税壁垒16.favorablebalanceoftradeAnyexcessofcreditsoverdebitsattheendofagivenaccountingperiod.贸易顺差17.partialshipmentAprocessinwhichastoreships/providesonlysomeofthegoods/servicesinasingleorder.Therefore,thePostAuthamountwouldbelessthantheamountoftheapprovedPreAuthfortheorder.分批装运18.restraintoftrade[massnoun](Law)actionthatinterfereswithfreecompetitioninamarket(律)贸易限制，贸易管制19.SettlementAsthesalestransactionvaluemovesfromthemerchanttotheacquiringbank,totheissuer,eachpartybuysandsellsthesalesticket.Settlementiswhatoccurswhentheacquiringbankandtheissuerexchangedataorfundsduringtransactions.清算,交割20.tradeconsultationAnactofprocesswhereadviceisgivenorviewsareexchanged.贸易磋商21.bondedwarehouseacustoms-controlledwarehousefortheretentionofimportedgoodsuntilthedutyowedispaid.保税仓库chaindebtsCompetitiveproductsorknock-outproducts;blockbuster;coreproduct;Downsizingforefficiency;cutpayrolltoimproveefficiency 三角债...23.sanction Acoercivemeasureadoptedusuallybyseveralnationsacting together against anation violating international law.国际制裁24.customsbond CustomsBonds(also knownasSuretyBonds)arerequiredbytheU.S.CustomsService(Title19USC,section1623)asameanstoensurethat importers guaranteepaymentintheeventthatliquidateddamagesareassessedagainstshipmentsimportedintothecountry. 海关担保25.consignment [massnoun]theactionofconsigningordeliveringsomething.寄售26.taxrebate Ataxrefundortaxrebateisarefundontaxeswhenthetaxliabilityislessthanthetaxespaid. 出口退税27.freightforwarder Afreightforwarder(oftenjustforwarder)isathird party logistics provider. Asathird party (or nonasset.精品文档based)provideraforwarderdispatchesshipmentsviaassetbasedcarriersandbooksorotherwisearrangesspaceforthoseshipments.货运代理28.RTA(RegionalTradeArrangements)ResourceprovidedbyWTOonregionaleconomicintegrationlikecustomsunionandfreetradearea.Includesthelistingofsuchagreements.区域贸易安排29.INT(auction)avarietyofbridgeinwhichtricksmadeinexcessofthecontractarescoredtowardgame;nowgenerallysupersededbycontractbridge.拍卖30.agencyagreementInsomestates,thetermdescribingalistingunderwhichthebroker?scommissionisprotectedagainstasalebyotheragentsbutnotbyasalebytheprincipal.Calledaònon-exclusiveólistinginsomestates.代理协议.精品文档五、贸易伙伴术语1.manufacturer peoplewhomakeorproducesomethingbymachineryinafactory 制造商2.middlema apersonwhobuysgoodsfromproducersandsellsthemtoretailersorconsumers 中间商，经纪人3.dealer a personorbusinessthat buysandsells goods;apersonwhobuysandsells shares,securities,or otherfinancial assetsasaprincipal(rather thanasabroker oragent). 经销商;交易员，证券商4.wholesaler someonewhobuyslargequantitiesofgoodsandresellstomerchantsratherthantotheultimatecustomers 批发商5.retailer amerchantwhosellsgoodsatretail 零售商6.merchana personorcompanyinvolved inwholesaletrade,especially onedealing with foreign countries or supplyingmerchandisetoaparticulartrade 商人，批发商，零售商7.concessionaire the holder ofaconcessionorgrant,especially for theuseof land or commercial premises or for tradingrights 受让人8.consumerthe personwhopurchasesgoodsandservices for personal use消费者，用户9.client a personororganization usingtheservices oralawyerorotherprofessionalpersonorcompany 委托人，顾客，客户10.buyer apersonwhomakesapurchase 买主11.carrier apersonorthingthatcarries,holds,orconveyssomething承运人12.consignee thepersontowhommerchandiseisdeliveredover 收货人13.freight forwarder the intermediary betweenthe carrier andtheshipper,whoisentrustedbytheshipper,andhandlesloadingandunloadingandothertransportationbusinessforthegoodsimported/exportedinhisownname,andchargethefreightandcommision 货运代理人14.insurance broker onekindofinsurance salespersonrepresenting thecustomerinsteadoftheinsurancecompany 保险经纪人15.exportmanagementcompany aprivatefirmthatservesastheexportdepartmentfor several producersofgoodsorservices,eitherbytakingtitleorbysolicitingandtransactingexportbusiness on behalf of its clients in return for acommission,salary,orretainerpluscommission 出口经营商.精品文档16.commissionhouseanorganizationthattradescommoditiesand/orfuturesandoptionscontractsforcustomeraccountsinreturnforafee佣金行，委托交易行17.thedrawerthepersonwhowritesacheckordraftinstructingthedraewwtopaysomeoneelse发票人，出票人，开票人18.thedraweetheindividualorfirmonwhomadraftisdrawnandwhoowestheindicatedamount付款人19.thepayeeonewhoreceivesapayment,suchasthroughcash,check,moneyorder,orpromissorynote收款人，领款人20.importmerchantafirmlocatedintheforeignmarketthatpuchasesgoodsfromabroadforre-saleinhishomemarket进口批发商21.multinationalcorporation(MNC)amultinationalcorporationisabusinessenterprisethatretainsdirectinvestmentsoverseasandthatmaintainsvalue-addesholdingsinmorethanonecountry跨国公司22.subsidiaryasubsidiaryisacompanywhichisownedorcontrolledbyanotherfirmorcompany子公司23.jointventureatypeofpartialstructuralintegrationinwhichoneormoreseparateorganizationscombimeresourcestoachieveastatedobjective合资企业24.whollyownedsubsidiaryasubsidiarysubstantiallyallofwhoseoutstandingvotingsecuritiesareownedbyitsparentand/ortheparent’sotherwhollyownedsubsidiaries全资子公司25.majorityownedsubsidiaryasubsidiarymorethan50percentofwhoseoutstandingvotingsharesisownedbyitsparentand/ortheparent’sothermajority-ownedsubsidiaries控股子公司26.offeranamountofmoneythatsomeoneiswillingtopayforsomething出盘，出价27.counterofferofferandacceptanceanalysisisatraditionalapproachincontractlawusedtodeterminewhetheranagreementexistsbetweentwoparties还盘，还价28.indentmakearequisitionorwrittenorderforsomething订单29.bidofferacertainpriceforsomething,especiallyatanauction递盘30.referencepriceapricecalculatedcontinuouslyupdatedinrealtimeandrepresentingaweightedaverageofprices参考价.精品文档六、数量条件与外汇术语1.number①theproperty possessedbyasumortotal orindefinitequantityofunitsorindividuals②aconceptofquantityinvolvingzeroandunits 个数2.net weight (Actual Net Weight) Weight of goodsalone without anyimmediatewrappings. 净重3.capacity Themaximumloadageneratingunit,generatingstation,orotherelectricalapparatusisratedtocarry. 容积4.volume Aunitofthreedimensionalmeasureofspacethatcomprisesalength,awidthandaheight. 体积5.tare anadjustmentmadefortheweightofthepackaginginordertodeterminethenetweightofthegoods. 皮重6.gross weighEntire weightofgoods,packing, andcontainer,, readyforshipment.毛重7.quality ①anessential anddistinguishingattribute ofsomethingorsomeone.②a characteristic property that defines the apparentindividualnatureofsomething. 品质8.duplicatesample Oneoftwosamplescollectedatasamplingpointatthesametimeinamannerthat minimizesdifferencesbetweenthesamples. 复样9.Specify tostipulateasaconditionorrequirementinacontractoragreement说明10.counter sample Pre-production samplessentfromavendorforpurposessuch as fitting, comments on execution orinterpretationofadesignormodel. 对等样品11.criterion astandard,rule,ortestonwhichajudgmentordecisioncanbebased.标准12.catalogue Acompletelist inprinted orelectronic formatofthestockheld in aparticular collection, library, or group oflibraries, recording, describing and indexing theresourcesavailable. 商品目录13.pamphlet ①booklet:asmallbookusuallyhavingapapercover②tract: a brief treatise on a