The-Libido-for-the-Ugly-教学讲解课件

TheLibidofortheUgly

(爱丑之欲)HenryLouisMencken7TheLibidofortheUgly

(爱丑之欲)1OutlineofClassTeachingAnintroductiontoHenryLouisMenckenHisearlylifeandcareerHiswritingstyleHiscontributionstoAmericanlanguageReadingtheoryon“Description”OutlineofClassTeachingAnin2HenryLouisMencken

(1880-1956)The1stAmericantobewidelyreadasacritic(批评家)JamesLowell(詹姆斯·洛威尔)EdgarAllanPoe(埃德加·爱伦·坡)HenryLouisMencken

(1880-1953HenryLouisMencken(1880-1956)BorninBaltimorePrivatelyeducatedthereGraduatedfromBaltimorePolytechnicInstituteHenryLouisMencken(1880-19564HenryLouisMencken(1880-1956)BecameareporteronBaltimoreHeraldJoinedSunpaperEditedSmartSetEditedAmericanMercuryHenryLouisMencken(1880-19565H.L.Mencken’sGreatConcernsHewasacentralfigureinAmericanintellectuallifeinthe1920s.HelaunchedthemostcuttingattacksagainstAmerica’smiddleclassculture.Inhiswittyandsatiricalessays,hemockedtheinstitutionwhichsupportedthemiddleclass.Heenjoyed,metandchallengedhisantagonistswithhisdirectanddevastatingattacks.H.L.Mencken’sGreatConcerns6Hehatednarrowed-mindedreligionsandstronglysupportedintellectualfreedom.Hefoughtwitheveryefforttomaintaintheindependenceofliterature.Hefeltthegreatestthreatofliteraturewasthecountry’sprevailingreligion“fundamentalism”,theopinionsofwhichwerebasedontheliteraryinterpretationoftheBible.H.L.Menken’sGreatConcernsHehatednarrowed-mindedrelig7Hehatedcommercialismanddidnotsupporteddemocracy,becausehebelievedthemajorityofAmericanpopulationweretooignorantandgreedytoexert“democracy”wisely.H.L.Menken’sGreatConcernsHehatedcommercialismanddid8Mencken’sWritingStyle“IopenedABookofPrejudicesandbegantoread.Iwasjarredandshockedbythestyle,theclear,clean,sweepingsentences.Whydidhewritelikethat?Andhowdidonewritelikethat?Ipicturedthemanasaragingdemon,slashingwithhispen.Ireadonandwhatamazedmewasnotwhathesaid,buthowonearthanybodyhadthecouragetosayit…Iidentifiedmyselfwiththatbook.”-----RichardWrightMencken’sWritingStyle“Iopen9Rip-roaring,witty,humorous,ironical,combative,withunrestrainedhyperbole,extravagantaccentuation,fondofpairingadjectives,playful,comical.Mencken’swritingisendearingbecauseofitswit,itscrispstyle,andtheobviousdelighthetakesinit.Mencken’sWritingStyleRip-roaring,witty,humorous,10Nootherentertainmentgavehimgreaterpleasurethanreportingfromtheconventions;nordidanyoneappreciatehiseffortsmorethanMenckenhimself.Onereporter,peeringthroughMencken'swindowlateatnightafteronerally,recalledwatchinghimatworkaloneinhishotelroom,poundingoutcopyonatypewriterproppedonadesk.Hewouldtypeafewsentences,readthem,slaphisthigh,tosshisheadback,androarwithlaughter.Thenhewouldtypesomemorelines,guffaw,andsoonuntiltheendofthearticle.

----MarionElizabethRodgers

Mencken’sWritingStyleNootherentertainmentgavehi11Mencken’sworkswerereceivedwithbothdelightandhorror,dependingonthereaders’pointofview.HewashighlyrespectedforhisliterarycriticismandheexertedagreatinfluenceonAmericanliterature.Mencken’sWritingStyleMencken’sworkswerereceived12Mencken’sContributionstotheAmericanLanguageEditor,socialcritic,andlongtimejournalistwithTheBaltimoreSun,Menckeninspiredmanyyoungwritersinthe1920s.Andthoughhediedmorethanhalfacenturyago,hisrip-roaring,witty,combative,yetgracefulstylecontinuesto"stiruptheanimals"andattractfreshadmirers.Mencken’sContributionstothe13H.L.MenckenwroteTheAmericanLanguageAnInquiryintotheDevelopmentofEnglishintheUnitedStatesThisclassicwaswrittentoclarifythediscrepanciesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishandtodefinethedistinguishingcharacteristicsofAmericanEnglish.Mencken’sgroundbreakingstudywasundoubtedlythemostscientificlinguisticworkontheAmericanlanguagetodateandcontinuestoserveasadefinitiveresourceinthefield.Mencken’sContributionstotheAmericanLanguageH.L.MenckenwroteTheAmerica14ReadingTheoryon“Description”Whatisadescription?Whatdoesthewriterdoinadescription?Whatkindofwordsarepreferredinadescription?Whatistheorderoforganizationforadescription?ReadingTheoryon“Description15Whatisadescription?Descriptionconveysthesensations,emotionsandimpressionsthataffectawriterexperiencingaperson,place,objectoridea.Whatisadescription?Descript16Whatdoesthewriterdoinadescription?

Thewriterdescribeswhathesees,hears,smells,feels,ortastes,anditoftenincludeshisemotionalreactionstothephysicalsensationsoftheexperience.Indescription,awriterpaintsverbalpictureofaplace,objectorapersonWhatdoesthewriterdoinad17Whatkindofwordsarepreferredinadescription?

Inordertoenablehisreadertoperceivetherealityoftheoriginal,heproducesanimageandevokesthatrealityessentiallybyspecificandconcretewordsthatappealtothereader’ssenseofsight,smell,sound,tasteandtouch.Whatkindofwordsarepreferr18Whatistheorderoforganization

foradescription?

Descriptionisusuallyorganizedanddevelopedbyspaceorder.Thewritermayselectafixedpositioninspace,thenmovefromdistancetocloseup,orfromcloseuptodistance,fromlefttoright,orfromrighttoleft,etc.Hemayalsoestablishamentalattitudetowardhissubjectandthenmoveontootherfeatures.Whatistheorderoforganizat19Adescriptionmaybeeither

generalorspecificWhenthecontrollingsentencecallsforgeneraldescription,thewriterselectsseveralofthemaintypicaltraitswhichcharacterizethesubjectandproceedtoanalyze,enumerateorsynthesizeitsfeatures.Forspecificdescription,hefocusesonthespecialcharacteristicswhichidentifyortypifytheperson,placeorobjectbeingdescribed.Adescriptionmaybeeither

g20Adescriptionmaybe

subjectiveorobjectiveAnobjectivedescriptionismuchthesameasawhiteandblackphotograph.Asubjectivedescriptionistosharewiththereaderanexpressionoremotion.Thewriterisemotionalandsubjectivebychoosingwordsrichinconnotativemeaningandbystronglyappealingtothereaders.Adescriptionmaybe

subjecti21AbouttheTitleTheLibidofortheUgly:Thestrongurgetolovethingsugly.Libido:aspecialterminpsychoanalysismeaningphysicalenergyordesiregenerally.Menckendeliberatelyusesthiswordtocreatetheimpressionthathisdescriptionandanalysishassomescientificfoundation.AbouttheTitleTheLibidofor221.Pittsburgh匹兹堡2.Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州1.Pittsburgh匹兹堡23Detailedstudyofthepassage1.Pittsburgh匹兹堡2.Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州PittsburghisacityinsouthwestPennsylvania.ItisoneofthemostimportantindustrialcitiesofAmerica,andacenterofrailandrivertransportation.Termed“SteelCity”or“SmokyCity”,itisthecenterofrichbituminouscoalregion,producingalsonaturalgas,oilandlimestone.AlargepartofAmericansteelandironisproducedhere.Detailedstudyofthepassage1243.WestmorelandAcountyinsouthwestPennsylvania.ItscountyseatisGreensburg.Itisaminingandmanufacturingregion.3.Westmoreland254.Itwasfamiliarland;boyandman,Ihadbeenthroughitoftenbefore:AsaboyandlaterwhenIgrewupasaman,Ihadoftentravelledthroughtheregion.6.lucrative(adj.):producingwealthorprofit;profitable;remunerative有利可图的；赚钱的7.hideous(adj.):horribletosee,hear,etc.;veryuglyorrevolting;dreadful骇人听闻的;非常丑陋的;可怕的8.forlorn(adj.):inpitifulcondition;wretched;miserable可怜的；悲惨的；不幸的4.Itwasfamiliarland;boya269.macabre(adj.):gruesome;grimandhorrible;ghastly可怕的；令人毛骨悚然的；恐怖的10.computation(n.):theactofcomputing;calculation计算11.abominable(adj.):nastyanddisgusting;vile;loathsome讨厌的，可恶的12.alley(n.):anarrowstreetorwalk;specifically,alanebehindarowofbuildingsorbetweentworowsofbuildingsthatfaceonadjacentstreets胡同；小巷；小街9.macabre(adj.):gruesome;g27Pleasefindoutthefiguresofspeechincludedinthefirstparagraph.Hyperbole:“therichestandgrandestnationeverseenonearth”,“soabominablethattheywouldhavedisgracedaraceofalleycats.”Contrast:therichestregion---hideous,bleak,forlornscene.Metaphor:“heartofindustrialAmerica”AsecondlookatPara.1Pleasefindoutthefiguresof28AsecondlookatPara.1Para.1isdevelopedbycontrastingthegreatwealthofthisregiontotheuglyhumanhabitationsseeneverywhere.ThecontrastinthelastsentencehelpsMenckentograbreaders’attentions.Thereadersmayfailtounderstandwhysuchrichpeopleliveinsuchuglyhouses,hencetheyreadon.Andthecontrasthelpstomakeapoint:theuglinessisnotoutofpoverty.AsecondlookatPara.1Para.12913.filth(n.):disgustinglyoffensivedirt,garbage,etc.污秽，污物；垃圾14.allude(v.):referinacasualorindirectway(随便或间接)提到，涉及；暗指15.monstrousness(n.):strangeshape奇形怪状16.lacerate(v.):tearjaggedly;mangle(somethingsoft,asflesh);woundorhurt(one’sfeelings,etc.)deeply;distress撕裂；割碎(肉等软组织)；伤害(感情等)；使…伤心13.filth(n.):disgustinglyo3017.pretentious(adj.):makingclaims,explicitorimplicit,tosomedistinction,importance,dignity,orexcellence自负的；自命不凡的；自大的18.linger(v.):continuetostay,esp.throughreluctancetoleave逗留(尤指不愿离开)19.downright(adv.):thoroughly;utterly;really彻底地，完全地；真正地20.dormer(n.):awindowsetuprightinaslopingroof屋顶窗17.pretentious(adj.):making3121.leprous(adj.):oforlikeleprosy;havingleprosy麻风的；似麻风的；患麻风病的22.headquartersoftheVeteransofForeignWars:外国战争退伍军人总部。Seenote1formoreinformation.23.rat-trap(n.):atrapforcatchingrats捕鼠夹(子)24.misshapen(adj.):badlyshaped;deformed,distorted奇形怪状的；畸形的25.uncomely(adj.):havingunpleasantappearance不美观的，不好看的21.leprous(adj.):oforlike3226.grime(n.):dirt,esp.sootydirt,rubbedintoorcoveringasurface,asoftheskin(尤指经摩擦而深入或覆盖皮肤等表面的)积垢；污秽27.gully(n.):achannelorhollowwornbyrunningwater;small,narrowravine沟壑，狭沟，冲沟28.chalet(n.):atypeofSwisshouse,builtofwoodwithbalconiesandoverhangingeaves(瑞士的木造)农舍，山上小舍29.high-pitched(adj.):steepinslope(sideofroofs)(屋顶)坡度陡的26.grime(n.):dirt,esp.soo3330.Theyhavetakenastheirmodelabricksetonend:themodeltheyfollowedinbuildingtheirhouseswasabrickstandingupright.31.dingy(adj.):dirty-colored;notbrightorclean;grimy不干净的；不明亮的；弄脏的32.clapboard(n.):athin,narrowboardwithoneedgethickerthantheother,usedassiding护墙板，隔板33.low-pitched:withlittleslope,nearlyflatoreven.30.Theyhavetakenastheirm3434.preposterous(adj.):socontrarytonature,reason,orcommonsenseastobelaughable,absurd,ridiculous反常的；乖戾的；十分荒谬的；愚蠢的35.pier(n.):aheavycolumn,usuallysquare.usedtosupportweight,asattheendofanarch角柱；支柱36.swinish(adj.):oforlikeaswine;beastly;piggish;coarse,etc．猪(似)的；鄙贱的；粗俗的37.perpendicular(adj.):exactlyupright;vertical;straightupordown垂直的；矗立的34.preposterous(adj.):soco3538.precarious(adj.):uncertain;insecure;risky不稳定的；不安全的；危险的39.eczematous(adj.):ofitchingskindisease湿疹的40.patina(n.):afinecrustorfilmonbronzeorcopper．usuallygreenorgreenish-blue,formedbynaturaloxidationandoftenvaluedasbeingornamental(青铜器上的)绿锈41.longpastallhopeorcaring:(anegg)thathadlongpastthetimewhentherewassomehopethatitmightstillbeedible,longpastthetimewhenpeoplewerestillconcernedaboutit.38.precarious(adj.):uncerta3642.uremia(n.):atoxicconditioncausedbythepresenceinthebloodofwasteproductsnormallyeliminatedintheurineandresultingfromafailureofthekidneystosecreteurine尿毒症43.loathsome(adj.):causingloathing；disgusting；abhorrent；detestable讨厌的；厌恶的；令人作呕的44.laborious(adj.):involvingmuchhardwork；difficult.industrious；hard-working费力的；困难的；勤劳的；辛苦的42.uremia(n.):atoxiccond3745.championship:hereisnotawardedtothebestbuttheworst.46.incessant(adj.):neverceasing;continuingorbeingrepeatedwithoutstoppingorinawaythatseemsendless;constant不停的，连续的；不间断的47.incessantprayer:byaskingGodconstantlytohelpmetocometoacorrectdecision.48.decompose(v.):breakuporseparateintobasiccomponentsorparts；rot分解；(使)腐烂，(使)腐败45.championship:hereisnot3849.Pullman:arailroadcarwithprivatecompartmentsorseatsthatcanbemadeupintosleepers.50.whirl:tomove,go,drive,etc.swiftly.51.forsake(v.):giveup；renounce(ahabit，idea，etc．)；leave；abandon抛弃，放弃(思想、习惯等)；遗弃；背弃52.malarious(adj.):offeverconveyedbymosquitoes疟疾的；空气污浊的53.hamlet(n.):averysmallvillage小村庄49.Pullman:arailroadcarwi3954.incomparable(adj.):beyondcomparison；unequalled；matchless无与伦比的，举世无双的；无敌的，无比的55.titanic(adj.):ofgreatsize，strength，orpower巨大的；力大无比的；有极大权力的56.aberrant(adj.):turningawayfromwhatisright，true，etc．：deviatingfromwhatisnormalortypical与正确或真实情况相背的；偏离常规的；反常的57.uncompromising(adj.):notcompromisingoryielding；firm；inflexible；determined不妥协的；坚定的；不让步的；坚决的54.incomparable(adj.):beyo4058.inimical(adj.):1ikeanenemy；hostile；unfriendly；adverse；unfavorable敌人似的；敌对的；不友好的；相反的；不利的59.ingenuity(n.):cleverness，originality，skill，etc．机智；创造力，独创性；熟练60.grotesquery(n.):thequalityorstateofbeinggrotesque奇形怪状；怪诞61.retrospect(n.):alookingbackonorthinkingaboutthingspast；contemplationorsurveyofthepast回顾，回想；追溯58.inimical(adj.):1ikean4162.diabolical(adj.):ofthedevilordevils；fiendish恶魔的；残忍的，凶暴的63.concoct(v.):devise，invent，orplan计划，策划；虚构，编造64.insensate(adj.):notfeeling，ornotcapableoffeeling，sensation无感觉的，无知觉的65.abomination(adj.):greathatred，anddisgust；anythinghatefulanddisgusting憎恨，厌恶；令人讨厌的东西62.diabolical(adj.):ofthe4266.putrid(adj.):decomposing；rottenandfoul-smelling腐烂的，腐败的67.pull:drawingforce,appeal68.borderupon:tobelike,almostbe.DismissiveasPharisee,Iregardedasmoonlingsallthosewhoselifewaslivedonalesspracticalplane.Plane,level,rank,orpositioninthesociety,allrefertoacertainstratainascaleofvalues.66.putrid(adj.):decomposin4369.deface(v.):spoiltheappearanceof；disfigure；mar损坏…的外表；丑化70.inadvertence(n.):thequalityofbeinginadvertent；oversight；mistake掉以轻心，粗心大意；疏漏；错误71.obscene(adj.):offensivetoone’sfeelings，ortoprevailingnotions，ofmodestyofdecency；lewd；disgusting猥亵的；诲淫的；可憎的The-Libido-for-the-Ugly-教学讲解课件44The-Libido-for-the-Ugly-教学讲解课件4572.unfathomable(adj.):whichcannotbeunderstood；whichcannotbereached不可理解的；深不可测的73.enigmatical(adj.):oforlikeanenigma;perplexing;baffling谜一般的，谜似的；不可思议的，费解的74.dogmatic(adj.):oforlikedogma;doctrinal教条(主义)的；教义的75.edifice(n.):abuilding，esp．alarge，imposingone建筑物；尤指大型建筑物，大厦72.unfathomable(adj.):whic46The-Libido-for-the-Ugly-教学讲解课件4776.mellow:tomakefull,rich,soft,gentle,etc.hereitisusedironicallytomean,“toletdeteriorate”.77.depravity(n.):adepravedcondition;corruption;wickedness堕落，腐化，腐败78.impossible:notcapableofbeingendured,used,agreedto,etc;hardtotolerate.79.penthouse(n.):asmallstructure，esp．onewithaslopingroof，attachedtoalargerbuilding小棚屋，(尤指靠在大楼边上搭的)披屋76.mellow:tomakefull,rich4880.lust(n.):adesiretogratifythesenses；bodilyappetite欲望；贪欲81.etiology(n.):theassignmentofacause，orthecauseassignment本源，原因(的说明)82.pathological(adj.):ofpathology；oforconcernedwithdiseases病理学的；病理上的80.lust(n.):adesiretogr49TheLibidofortheUgly

(爱丑之欲)HenryLouisMencken7TheLibidofortheUgly

(爱丑之欲)50OutlineofClassTeachingAnintroductiontoHenryLouisMenckenHisearlylifeandcareerHiswritingstyleHiscontributionstoAmericanlanguageReadingtheoryon“Description”OutlineofClassTeachingAnin51HenryLouisMencken

(1880-1956)The1stAmericantobewidelyreadasacritic(批评家)JamesLowell(詹姆斯·洛威尔)EdgarAllanPoe(埃德加·爱伦·坡)HenryLouisMencken

(1880-19552HenryLouisMencken(1880-1956)BorninBaltimorePrivatelyeducatedthereGraduatedfromBaltimorePolytechnicInstituteHenryLouisMencken(1880-195653HenryLouisMencken(1880-1956)BecameareporteronBaltimoreHeraldJoinedSunpaperEditedSmartSetEditedAmericanMercuryHenryLouisMencken(1880-195654H.L.Mencken’sGreatConcernsHewasacentralfigureinAmericanintellectuallifeinthe1920s.HelaunchedthemostcuttingattacksagainstAmerica’smiddleclassculture.Inhiswittyandsatiricalessays,hemockedtheinstitutionwhichsupportedthemiddleclass.Heenjoyed,metandchallengedhisantagonistswithhisdirectanddevastatingattacks.H.L.Mencken’sGreatConcerns55Hehatednarrowed-mindedreligionsandstronglysupportedintellectualfreedom.Hefoughtwitheveryefforttomaintaintheindependenceofliterature.Hefeltthegreatestthreatofliteraturewasthecountry’sprevailingreligion“fundamentalism”,theopinionsofwhichwerebasedontheliteraryinterpretationoftheBible.H.L.Menken’sGreatConcernsHehatednarrowed-mindedrelig56Hehatedcommercialismanddidnotsupporteddemocracy,becausehebelievedthemajorityofAmericanpopulationweretooignorantandgreedytoexert“democracy”wisely.H.L.Menken’sGreatConcernsHehatedcommercialismanddid57Mencken’sWritingStyle“IopenedABookofPrejudicesandbegantoread.Iwasjarredandshockedbythestyle,theclear,clean,sweepingsentences.Whydidhewritelikethat?Andhowdidonewritelikethat?Ipicturedthemanasaragingdemon,slashingwithhispen.Ireadonandwhatamazedmewasnotwhathesaid,buthowonearthanybodyhadthecouragetosayit…Iidentifiedmyselfwiththatbook.”-----RichardWrightMencken’sWritingStyle“Iopen58Rip-roaring,witty,humorous,ironical,combative,withunrestrainedhyperbole,extravagantaccentuation,fondofpairingadjectives,playful,comical.Mencken’swritingisendearingbecauseofitswit,itscrispstyle,andtheobviousdelighthetakesinit.Mencken’sWritingStyleRip-roaring,witty,humorous,59Nootherentertainmentgavehimgreaterpleasurethanreportingfromtheconventions;nordidanyoneappreciatehiseffortsmorethanMenckenhimself.Onereporter,peeringthroughMencken'swindowlateatnightafteronerally,recalledwatchinghimatworkaloneinhishotelroom,poundingoutcopyonatypewriterproppedonadesk.Hewouldtypeafewsentences,readthem,slaphisthigh,tosshisheadback,androarwithlaughter.Thenhewouldtypesomemorelines,guffaw,andsoonuntiltheendofthearticle.

----MarionElizabethRodgers

Mencken’sWritingStyleNootherentertainmentgavehi60Mencken’sworkswerereceivedwithbothdelightandhorror,dependingonthereaders’pointofview.HewashighlyrespectedforhisliterarycriticismandheexertedagreatinfluenceonAmericanliterature.Mencken’sWritingStyleMencken’sworkswerereceived61Mencken’sContributionstotheAmericanLanguageEditor,socialcritic,andlongtimejournalistwithTheBaltimoreSun,Menckeninspiredmanyyoungwritersinthe1920s.Andthoughhediedmorethanhalfacenturyago,hisrip-roaring,witty,combative,yetgracefulstylecontinuesto"stiruptheanimals"andattractfreshadmirers.Mencken’sContributionstothe62H.L.MenckenwroteTheAmericanLanguageAnInquiryintotheDevelopmentofEnglishintheUnitedStatesThisclassicwaswrittentoclarifythediscrepanciesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishandtodefinethedistinguishingcharacteristicsofAmericanEnglish.Mencken’sgroundbreakingstudywasundoubtedlythemostscientificlinguisticworkontheAmericanlanguagetodateandcontinuestoserveasadefinitiveresourceinthefield.Mencken’sContributionstotheAmericanLanguageH.L.MenckenwroteTheAmerica63ReadingTheoryon“Description”Whatisadescription?Whatdoesthewriterdoinadescription?Whatkindofwordsarepreferredinadescription?Whatistheorderoforganizationforadescription?ReadingTheoryon“Description64Whatisadescription?Descriptionconveysthesensations,emotionsandimpressionsthataffectawriterexperiencingaperson,place,objectoridea.Whatisadescription?Descript65Whatdoesthewriterdoinadescription?

Thewriterdescribeswhathesees,hears,smells,feels,ortastes,anditoftenincludeshisemotionalreactionstothephysicalsensationsoftheexperience.Indescription,awriterpaintsverbalpictureofaplace,objectorapersonWhatdoesthewriterdoinad66Whatkindofwordsarepreferredinadescription?

Inordertoenablehisreadertoperceivetherealityoftheoriginal,heproducesanimageandevokesthatrealityessentiallybyspecificandconcretewordsthatappealtothereader’ssenseofsight,smell,sound,tasteandtouch.Whatkindofwordsarepreferr67Whatistheorderoforganization

foradescription?

Descriptionisusuallyorganizedanddevelopedbyspaceorder.Thewritermayselectafixedpositioninspace,thenmovefromdistancetocloseup,orfromcloseuptodistance,fromlefttoright,orfromrighttoleft,etc.Hemayalsoestablishamentalattitudetowardhissubjectandthenmoveontootherfeatures.Whatistheorderoforganizat68Adescriptionmaybeeither

generalorspecificWhenthecontrollingsentencecallsforgeneraldescription,thewriterselectsseveralofthemaintypicaltraitswhichcharacterizethesubjectandproceedtoanalyze,enumerateorsynthesizeitsfeatures.Forspecificdescription,hefocusesonthespecialcharacteristicswhichidentifyortypifytheperson,placeorobjectbeingdescribed.Adescriptionmaybeeither

g69Adescriptionmaybe

subjectiveorobjectiveAnobjectivedescriptionismuchthesameasawhiteandblackphotograph.Asubjectivedescriptionistosharewiththereaderanexpressionoremotion.Thewriterisemotionalandsubjectivebychoosingwordsrichinconnotativemeaningandbystronglyappealingtothereaders.Adescriptionmaybe

subjecti70AbouttheTitleTheLibidofortheUgly:Thestrongurgetolovethingsugly.Libido:aspecialterminpsychoanalysismeaningphysicalenergyordesiregenerally.Menckendeliberatelyusesthiswordtocreatetheimpressionthathisdescriptionandanalysishassomescientificfoundation.AbouttheTitleTheLibidofor711.Pittsburgh匹兹堡2.Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州1.Pittsburgh匹兹堡72Detailedstudyofthepassage1.Pittsburgh匹兹堡2.Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州PittsburghisacityinsouthwestPennsylvania.ItisoneofthemostimportantindustrialcitiesofAmerica,andacenterofrailandrivertransportation.Termed“SteelCity”or“SmokyCity”,itisthecenterofrichbituminouscoalregion,producingalsonaturalgas,oilandlimestone.AlargepartofAmericansteelandironisproducedhere.Detailedstudyofthepassage1733.WestmorelandAcountyinsouthwestPennsylvania.ItscountyseatisGreensburg.Itisaminingandmanufacturingregion.3.Westmoreland744.Itwasfamiliarland;boyandman,Ihadbeenthroughitoftenbefore:AsaboyandlaterwhenIgrewupasaman,Ihadoftentravelledthroughtheregion.6.lucrative(adj.):producingwealthorprofit;profitable;remunerative有利可图的；赚钱的7.hideous(adj.):horribletosee,hear,etc.;veryuglyorrevolting;dreadful骇人听闻的;非常丑陋的;可怕的8.forlorn(adj.):inpitifulcondition;wretched;miserable可怜的；悲惨的；不幸的4.Itwasfamiliarland;boya759.macabre(adj.):gruesome;grimandhorrible;ghastly可怕的；令人毛骨悚然的；恐怖的10.computation(n.):theactofcomputing;calculation计算11.abominable(adj.):nastyanddisgusting;vile;loathsome讨厌的，可恶的12.alley(n.):anarrowstreetorwalk;specifically,alanebehindarowofbuildingsorbetweentworowsofbuildingsthatfaceonadjacentstreets胡同；小巷；小街9.macabre(adj.):gruesome;g76Pleasefindoutthefiguresofspeechincludedinthefirstparagraph.Hyperbole:“therichestandgrandestnationeverseenonearth”,“soabominablethattheywouldhavedisgracedaraceofalleycats.”Contrast:therichestregion---hideous,bleak,forlornscene.Metaphor:“heartofindustrialAmerica”AsecondlookatPara.1Pleasefindoutthefiguresof77AsecondlookatPara.1Para.1isdevelopedbycontrastingthegreatwealthofthisregiontotheuglyhumanhabitationsseeneverywhere.ThecontrastinthelastsentencehelpsMenckentograbreaders’attentions.Thereadersmayfailtounderstandwhysuchrichpeopleliveinsuchuglyhouses,hencetheyreadon.Andthecontrasthelpstomakeapoint:theuglinessisnotoutofpoverty.AsecondlookatPara.1Para.17813.filth(n.):disgustinglyoffensivedirt,garbage,etc.污秽，污物；垃圾14.allude(v.):referinacasualorindirectway(随便或间接)提到，涉及；暗指15.monstrousness(n.):strangeshape奇形怪状16.lacerate(v.):tearjaggedly;mangle(somethingsoft,asflesh);woundorhurt(one’sfeelings,etc.)deeply;distress撕裂；割碎(肉等软组织)；伤害(感情等)；使…伤心13.filth(n.):disgustinglyo7917.pretentious(adj.):makingclaims,explicitorimplicit,tosomedistinction,importance,dignity,orexcellence自负的；自命不凡的；自大的18.linger(v.):continuetostay,esp.throughreluctancetoleave逗留(尤指不愿离开)19.downright(adv.):thoroughly;utterly;really彻底地，完全地；真正地20.dormer(n.):awindowsetuprightinaslopingroof屋顶窗17.pretentious(adj.):making8021.leprous(adj.):oforlikeleprosy;havingleprosy麻风的；似麻风的；患麻风病的22.headquartersoftheVeteransofForeignWars:外国战争退伍军人总部。Seenote1formoreinformation.23.rat-trap(n.):atrapforcatchingrats捕鼠夹(子)24.misshapen(adj.):badlyshaped;deformed,distorted奇形怪状的；畸形的25.uncomely(adj.):havingunpleasantappearance不美观的，不好看的21.leprous(adj.):oforlike8126.grime(n.):dirt,esp.sootydirt,rubbedintoorcoveringasurface