高中英语语法专题复习-构词法课件

构词法构词法1.构词法的三种构成形式。2.派生、转化及合成词的灵活使用。复习重点1.构词法的三种构成形式。复习重点基础知识

英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。

一、合成合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词。合成形式主要有以下几种：基础知识

英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派1.合成名词

名词+名词：postman,girlfriend,flowerbed,notebook

形容词+名词：blackboard,supermarket,greenhouse

名词+动词：daybreak,sunrise,breastfeed

动词-ing形式+名词：readingroom,washingmachine1.合成名词

名词+动词-ing形式：handwriting,papermaking

动词+名词：pickpocket,workroom

动词+副词：breakup,get-together

其它形式：go-between,passer-by名词+动词-ing形式：handwriting,2.合成形容词

形容词/数词+名词+ed：warm-hearted,five-storeyed

名词+过去分词：home-made,hand-made

名词+形容词：world-famous,ice-cool

形容词/数词+名词：full-time,second-hand

形容词+过去分词：newborn,short-sighted

副词+过去分词：well-known,newly-built

其它形式：face-to-face,evergreen2.合成形容词3.合成代词

代词宾格/物主代词+self/selves：herself,ourselves

某些不定代词some,any,every,no等+body/one/thing：anyone,nothing4.合成介词

介词+介词：throughout,within3.合成代词5.合成副词

副词+名词：indoors,overhead,upstairs

介词+名词：alongside,beforehand

名词+形容词：sky-high

副词+介词：nearby

其它形式：meanwhile,headfirst6.合成动词

副词+动词：overhear,overwork,underline

名词+动词：moonwalk,sunbathe

形容词+动词：whitewash,safeguard5.合成副词

二、转化转化是指一个单词的词形不经过任何变化而由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。

1.动词转化为名词

有些词在转化过程中词义变化不大，如try,swim,shout,cry,kiss,wash,guess等。有些动词转化为名词时意义有一定的变化，如feed（v.喂养→n.饲料），draw（v.画画，抽，拉→n.平局）等。二、转化2.形容词转化为动词、名词或副词

①有些形容词可以转化为动词。如：quiet（adj.安静的→v.使安静）。

②有些形容词可以转化为名词。如：quiet(adj.安静的，寂静的→n.安静，寂静);calm(adj.镇静的→n.泰然自若)。

③有些形容词可以转化为副词。如：dear,high,low,cheap,full,near,close,long等。2.形容词转化为动词、名词或副词3.一些其它情况的转化。如：

Theyforwardedhismailtohisnewaddress.(adv.→v.)Thepeoplearewalkingnorth.(n.→adv.)3.一些其它情况的转化。如：

三、派生派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀构成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性,后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。1.常见前缀：1）in-,il-,im-,ir-,un-,non-(表否定):incomplete,illegal,impossible,irregular,unwise,non-smoker2）dis-,un-(表反向或反义):disconnect,untie

三、派生3）mis-(表贬义):misunderstand,mislead4）over-,super-,under-(表程度):overweight,supermarket,undercharge5）fore-,trans-,inter-(表位置):forehead,transplant,international6）re-,post-,pre-(表次序、时间):rebuild,post-war,pre-school7）bi-,tri-,multi-,semi-(表数量):bicycle,tricycle,multi-racial,semicircle8）a-,en-(转化词类):asleep,endanger3）mis-(表贬义):misunderstand,m2.常见后缀：1）名词后辍

-ery,-ry(表性质、场所):bravery,nursery-hood(表身份、性质):motherhood,brotherhood

形容词后面加-ism(表主义、行为):socialism,criticism

名词后加-ship(表状态、身份):friendship,membership

动词或者名词后加-ess(表女性):waitress

动词后加-ee(表动作承受者):employee2.常见后缀：

动词后加-er或-or(表施事者):employer,actor-ist(表主义者、从事某种职业):socialist,violinist-al(表行为、结果):refusal,arrival

动词后去不发音的-e加-tion或直接加-tion(表过程、状态):translation,election

动词后加ment(表……的行为):arrangement,movement-ity,-ness(形容词转名词):diversity,happiness动词后加-er或-or(表施事者):employer,2）形容词后缀-ed(动词后加ed表具有):excited,amazed-ful(名词后加ful表充满):hopeful,thankful-ish(表类似):childish-less(名词后面加less,表没有……的):careless,useless-like(表“像”):childlike-ly(表特色、“每”):motherly,daily-y(表具有……特征):sandy-able,-ive(动词转形容词):changeable,attractive2）形容词后缀-al,-ial,-ical(名词后加,表具有……特点，与……有关):accidental,professorial,psychological3）副词后缀形容词或名词后加-ly:calmly,carefully

表示地点或方位的词后加-ward(s)变为副词。如：southward(s),backward(s),outward(s)等。4）动词后缀-en,-ify,-ize:widen,simplify,beautify,symbolize-al,-ial,-ical(名词后加,表具有……特I.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Whilethereare68.________(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70.________(patience).(2014年新课标全国卷I第三部分)真题再现patientamazingI.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）2.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand43.______________(disappoint).

(2014年新课标全国卷II第二部分)disappointed

2.Thereweremanypeoplewait3.Jonny:Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches,naturallyand62.______(soft).Trytokeepyourbodystraight.Moveslowly,thenbesuretokeepyourbalanceanddon’tletyourbodyshake.Peter:

Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome63.________(pain).

(2014年辽宁卷第三部分)painful

softly3.Jonny:Bendyourkneesslig4.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir

63

(able)to“aircondition”ahouse...

（2015新课标全国卷II第三部分）ability4.Inadditiontotheirsimple5.Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop61.________(attract).（2016新课标全国卷I）6.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof42.____________(achieve).（2016新课标全国卷II）attractionachievement5.ChengduhasdozensofnewmII.根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示词，写出对应单词的正确、完整形式，每空只写一词。1.I’mhappythatmy80-year-oldgrandmahaslearnedhowto________

(下载)fromtheInternet.

(2014年陕西卷单词拼写)2.Theyfailedtoreachasettlement,becausethey_________(不同意)toomuchwitheachother.

(2014年陕西卷单词拼写)disagreeddownload

II.根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示disagree专项练习根据括号内的提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。A1.Idon’tthinkwe’llgodowntothebeachtoday.It’stoo________(cloud).2.IttookusquitealongtimetogettotheArtGallery.Itwasa(n)_________(三小时的)journey.3.Wedecidedtotaketheflatbecauseitwasquitelargeandtherentwasvery__________(reason).cloudythree-hourreasonable专项练习根据括号内的提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。cloudy4.Thisbikeis____________(二手的)butit’sstillingoodcondition.5.Drug________(addict)isaproblemcausinggreatconcern.6.Mybrotherisreally____________(辛勤工作的).Heoftenworksinhisofficefarintothenight.7.Afterlosingherjobshewas___________(employ)foramonth.8.I’mnotsureatall.Ireallycan’tsaywith_________(certain).second-handaddictionhard-workingunemployedcertainty4.Thisbikeis____________(BEve:Ithinkitnecessarytohavesomecultural1.______________(communicate)betweenchildrenindifferentcountries.Ben:Icouldn’tagreemore.Itis2.___________(mean).Notonlycanitbroadenour3.______________(多种文化的)knowledgeandenrichourlives,itcanalsoenableustodevelopunlimitedloveand4.________(friend)withothersfromvarioussocial5.____________(背景).communicationmeaningfulmulticulturalfriendshipbackgroundsBcommunicationmeaningfulmulticCAlthoughmysisterandIhavea(n)1.________(differ)mother,weare2.________(certain)alike.Thisisnotjustamatterof3.___________(appear)thoughwearesmallwithcurlyhairandhaveatendencytoovereatandputonweight.Theresemblancegoesmuchfurtherthanthat.Throughoutour4._________(child)wewerebroughtuptobeveryadaptableandour5._______(able)toacceptchangeisanothercharacteristicweshare.certainlyappearancedifferentchildhoodabilityCcertainlyappearancedifferentcAnotherwouldbe6.________(shy).Weallhatepartieswhereyouhavetowalkintoa(n)7.________(room)ofstrangefaces.Weareallinterestedinwearing8.__________(fashion)clothesandweoftenshareourclothes.9._____________(fortune),thiscausesarguments.Wereallyshouldcometoa(n)10.__________(agree)aboutwhocanborrowwhatfromwhom.shynessfashionableagreementroomfulunfortunatelyAnotherwouldbe6.________(高中英语语法专题复习--构词法课件构词法构词法1.构词法的三种构成形式。2.派生、转化及合成词的灵活使用。复习重点1.构词法的三种构成形式。复习重点基础知识

英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。

一、合成合成是指将两个意思不同的单词结合成一个新词。合成形式主要有以下几种：基础知识

英语构词法主要有三种：合成、转化和派1.合成名词

名词+名词：postman,girlfriend,flowerbed,notebook

形容词+名词：blackboard,supermarket,greenhouse

名词+动词：daybreak,sunrise,breastfeed

动词-ing形式+名词：readingroom,washingmachine1.合成名词

名词+动词-ing形式：handwriting,papermaking

动词+名词：pickpocket,workroom

动词+副词：breakup,get-together

其它形式：go-between,passer-by名词+动词-ing形式：handwriting,2.合成形容词

形容词/数词+名词+ed：warm-hearted,five-storeyed

名词+过去分词：home-made,hand-made

名词+形容词：world-famous,ice-cool

形容词/数词+名词：full-time,second-hand

形容词+过去分词：newborn,short-sighted

副词+过去分词：well-known,newly-built

其它形式：face-to-face,evergreen2.合成形容词3.合成代词

代词宾格/物主代词+self/selves：herself,ourselves

某些不定代词some,any,every,no等+body/one/thing：anyone,nothing4.合成介词

介词+介词：throughout,within3.合成代词5.合成副词

副词+名词：indoors,overhead,upstairs

介词+名词：alongside,beforehand

名词+形容词：sky-high

副词+介词：nearby

其它形式：meanwhile,headfirst6.合成动词

副词+动词：overhear,overwork,underline

名词+动词：moonwalk,sunbathe

形容词+动词：whitewash,safeguard5.合成副词

二、转化转化是指一个单词的词形不经过任何变化而由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。

1.动词转化为名词

有些词在转化过程中词义变化不大，如try,swim,shout,cry,kiss,wash,guess等。有些动词转化为名词时意义有一定的变化，如feed（v.喂养→n.饲料），draw（v.画画，抽，拉→n.平局）等。二、转化2.形容词转化为动词、名词或副词

①有些形容词可以转化为动词。如：quiet（adj.安静的→v.使安静）。

②有些形容词可以转化为名词。如：quiet(adj.安静的，寂静的→n.安静，寂静);calm(adj.镇静的→n.泰然自若)。

③有些形容词可以转化为副词。如：dear,high,low,cheap,full,near,close,long等。2.形容词转化为动词、名词或副词3.一些其它情况的转化。如：

Theyforwardedhismailtohisnewaddress.(adv.→v.)Thepeoplearewalkingnorth.(n.→adv.)3.一些其它情况的转化。如：

三、派生派生是指通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀构成另一个词。前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性,后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。1.常见前缀：1）in-,il-,im-,ir-,un-,non-(表否定):incomplete,illegal,impossible,irregular,unwise,non-smoker2）dis-,un-(表反向或反义):disconnect,untie

三、派生3）mis-(表贬义):misunderstand,mislead4）over-,super-,under-(表程度):overweight,supermarket,undercharge5）fore-,trans-,inter-(表位置):forehead,transplant,international6）re-,post-,pre-(表次序、时间):rebuild,post-war,pre-school7）bi-,tri-,multi-,semi-(表数量):bicycle,tricycle,multi-racial,semicircle8）a-,en-(转化词类):asleep,endanger3）mis-(表贬义):misunderstand,m2.常见后缀：1）名词后辍

-ery,-ry(表性质、场所):bravery,nursery-hood(表身份、性质):motherhood,brotherhood

形容词后面加-ism(表主义、行为):socialism,criticism

名词后加-ship(表状态、身份):friendship,membership

动词或者名词后加-ess(表女性):waitress

动词后加-ee(表动作承受者):employee2.常见后缀：

动词后加-er或-or(表施事者):employer,actor-ist(表主义者、从事某种职业):socialist,violinist-al(表行为、结果):refusal,arrival

动词后去不发音的-e加-tion或直接加-tion(表过程、状态):translation,election

动词后加ment(表……的行为):arrangement,movement-ity,-ness(形容词转名词):diversity,happiness动词后加-er或-or(表施事者):employer,2）形容词后缀-ed(动词后加ed表具有):excited,amazed-ful(名词后加ful表充满):hopeful,thankful-ish(表类似):childish-less(名词后面加less,表没有……的):careless,useless-like(表“像”):childlike-ly(表特色、“每”):motherly,daily-y(表具有……特征):sandy-able,-ive(动词转形容词):changeable,attractive2）形容词后缀-al,-ial,-ical(名词后加,表具有……特点，与……有关):accidental,professorial,psychological3）副词后缀形容词或名词后加-ly:calmly,carefully

表示地点或方位的词后加-ward(s)变为副词。如：southward(s),backward(s),outward(s)等。4）动词后缀-en,-ify,-ize:widen,simplify,beautify,symbolize-al,-ial,-ical(名词后加,表具有……特I.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Whilethereare68.________(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70.________(patience).(2014年新课标全国卷I第三部分)真题再现patientamazingI.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）2.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand43.______________(disappoint).

(2014年新课标全国卷II第二部分)disappointed

2.Thereweremanypeoplewait3.Jonny:Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches,naturallyand62.______(soft).Trytokeepyourbodystraight.Moveslowly,thenbesuretokeepyourbalanceanddon’tletyourbodyshake.Peter:

Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome63.________(pain).

(2014年辽宁卷第三部分)painful

softly3.Jonny:Bendyourkneesslig4.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir

63

(able)to“aircondition”ahouse...

（2015新课标全国卷II第三部分）ability4.Inadditiontotheirsimple5.Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop61.________(attract).（2016新课标全国卷I）6.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof42.____________(achieve).（2016新课标全国卷II）attractionachievement5.ChengduhasdozensofnewmII.根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示词，写出对应单词的正确、完整形式，每空只写一词。1.I’mhappythatmy80-year-oldgrandmahaslearnedhowto________

(下载)fromtheInternet.

(2014年陕西卷单词拼写)2.Theyfailedtoreachasettlement,becausethey_________(不同意)toomuchwitheachother.

(2014年陕西卷单词拼写)disagreeddownload

II.根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示disagree专项练习根据括号内的提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。A1.Idon’tthinkwe’llgodowntothebeachtoday.It’stoo________(cloud).2.IttookusquitealongtimetogettotheArtGallery.Itwasa(n)_________(三小时的)journey.3.Wedecidedtotaketheflatbecauseitwasquitelargeandtherentwasvery__________(reason).cloudythree-hourreasonable专项练习根据括号内的提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。cloudy4.Thisbikeis____________(二手的)butit’sstillingoodcondition.5.Drug________(addict)isaproblemcausinggreatconcern.6.Mybrotherisreally____________(辛勤工作的).Heoftenworksinhisofficefarintothenight.7.Afterlosingherjobshewas___________(employ)foramonth.8.I’mnotsureatall.Ireallycan’t