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ExcavationHazardsCave-insarethegreatestriskOtherhazardsinclude:AsphyxiationduetolackofoxygenInhalationoftoxicmaterialsFireMovingmachineryneartheedgeoftheexcavationcancauseacollapseAccidentalseveringofundergroundutilitylines1OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationExcavationHazardsCave-insareInjuryandDeathExcavatingisoneofthemosthazardousconstructionoperationsMostaccidentsoccurintrenches5-15feetdeepThereisusuallynowarningbeforeacave-in2OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationInjuryandDeathExcavatingisDefinitionsExcavation

–a

man-madecut,cavity,trench,ordepressionformedbyearthremoval.Trench

–anarrowexcavation.Thedepthisgreaterthanthewidth,butnotwiderthan15feet.Shield-astructureabletowithstandacave-inandprotectemployeesShoring-astructurethatsupportsthesidesofanexcavationandprotectsagainstcave-insSloping-atechniquethatemploysaspecificangleofinclineonthesidesoftheexcavation.Theanglevariesbasedonassessmentofimpactingsitefactors.

3OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationDefinitionsExcavation–aman-FocusofTraining

ThegreatestriskatanexcavationHowtoprotectemployeesfromcave-insFactorsthatposeahazardtoemployeesworkinginexcavationsTheroleofacompetentpersonatanexcavationsite4OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationFocusofTrainingThegreatesProtectionofEmployees

Employeesshouldbeprotectedfromcave-insbyusinganadequatelydesignedprotectivesystem Protectivesystemsmustbeabletoresistallexpectedloadstothesystem5OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationProtectionofEmployees Empl

Requirementsfor

ProtectiveSystemsAwell-designedprotectivesystem

CorrectdesignofslopingandbenchingsystemsCorrectdesignofsupportsystems,shieldsystems,andotherprotectivesystems PlusAppropriatehandlingofmaterialsandequipmentPlusAttentiontocorrectinstallationandremovalEquals

Protectionofemployeesatexcavations6OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationRequirementsfor

ProtectiveDesignofProtectiveSystemsTheemployershallselectandconstruct:slopesandconfigurationsofslopingandbenchingsystemssupportsystems,shieldsystems,andotherprotectivesystemsShield-canbepermanentorportable.Alsoknownastrenchboxortrenchshield.Shoring-suchasmetalhydraulic,mechanicalortimbershoringsystemthatsupportsthesidesSloping-formsidesofanexcavationthatareinclinedawayfromtheexcavation7OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationDesignofProtectiveSystemsThProtectEmployeesExposedtoPotentialCave-insSlopeorbenchthesidesoftheexcavation,Supportthesidesoftheexcavation,orPlaceashieldbetweenthesideoftheexcavationandtheworkarea8OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationProtectEmployeesExposedtoPCave-inHazardThisexcavationhasinadequatesupportpostsandegressaccessInadequateprotectivesystem9OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationCave-inHazardThisexcavationInadequateProtectiveSystem

Thisworkerisinatrenchwithnoprotectivesystem,thatisnotslopedorbenchedandhasnomeansofegress10OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationInadequateProtectiveSystemFactorsInvolvedinDesigningaProtectiveSystemSoilclassificationDepthofcutWatercontentofsoilChangesduetoweatherandclimateOtheroperationsinthevicinity11OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationFactorsInvolvedinDesigningShoringGeneralProvidesaframeworktoworkinUseswales,crossbracesanduprightsSupportsexcavationwallsOSHAtablesprovideshoringdataMustknowsoiltypeMustknowdepthandwidthofexcavationMustbefamiliarwiththeOSHATables12OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationShoringGeneral12OSHAOfficeofTrenchShieldAtrenchshieldwasbuiltaroundthisworkarea13OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationTrenchShieldAtrenchshieldwHydraulicTrenchSupportUsinghydraulicjackstheoperatorcaneasilydropthesystemintotheholeOnceinplace,hydraulicpressureisincreasedtokeeptheformsinplaceTrenchpinsareinstalledincaseofhydraulicfailure14OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationHydraulicTrenchSupportUsingMaterialsandEquipmentEquipmentusedforprotectivesystemsmustnothavedamageordefectsthatimpairfunction.Ifequipmentisdamaged,thecompetentpersonmustexamineittoseeifitissuitableforcontinueduse.Ifnotsuitable,removeitfromserviceuntilaprofessionalengineerapprovesitforuse.15OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationMaterialsandEquipmentEquipmProtectionfromVehiclesInstallbarricadesHand/mechanicalsignalsStoplogsGradesoilawayfromexcavationFenceorbarricadetrenchesleftovernight16OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationProtectionfromVehiclesInstalHazardousConditionsTheweightandvibrationsofthecranemakethisaveryhazardouscondition.Theyshouldnotbeworkingunderthiscrane.17OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationHazardousConditionsTheweightSpoilsDon’tplace

spoilswithin2feetfromedgeofexcavationMeasurefromnearestpartofthespoiltotheexcavationedgePlacespoilssorainwaterrunsawayfromtheexcavationPlacespoilwellawayfromtheexcavation18OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationSpoilsDon’tplacespoilswithiOtherExcavationHazardsWateraccumulationOxygendeficiencyToxicfumesAccess/EgressFallsMobileequipment19OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationOtherExcavationHazardsWaterWaterisHazardous

WhenwaterispresentinanexcavationitisextremelyhazardoustoenterNotethattheseworkersarenotwearinghardhatstoprotectthemfrommaterialsfallingintothetrench20OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationWaterisHazardous WhenwaterWater=Cave-inHazardTheseworkersmustbeprotectedfromcave-in.Notethewaterinthebottomofthetrench.Thisisaveryhazardouscondition!21OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationWater=Cave-inHazardThesewoHazardousAtmosphereTestexcavationsmorethan4feetbeforeanemployeeenterstheexcavationfor:OxygendeficiencyHighcombustiblegasconcentrationHighlevelsofotherhazardoussubstances22OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationHazardousAtmosphereTestexcavMeansofEgress

Astairway,ladder,orrampmustbepresentinexcavationsthatare4ormorefeetdeep,andwithin25feetoftheemployeesThisladderdoesnotmeettherequirementsofthestandardTheladdershouldextend3feetabovetheexcavation23OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationMeansofEgress Astairway,laAccessandEgressThesetwoladderswhicharelashedtogetherarenotanadequatemeansofegressTheladdershouldextend3feetabovethetopoftheexcavation24OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationAccessandEgressThesetwoladProtectionfromFalls,FallingLoads,andMobileEquipmentInstallbarricadesUsehand/mechanicalsignalsGradesoilawayfromexcavationFenceorbarricadetrenchesleftovernightUseaflaggerwhensigns,signalsandbarricadesarenotenoughprotection25OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationProtectionfromFalls,Falling

CompetentPerson

Musthavehadspecifictraininginandbeknowledgeableabout:SoilsclassificationTheuseofprotectivesystemsTherequirementsofthestandardMustbecapableofidentifyinghazards,andauthorizedtoimmediatelyeliminatehazards26OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationCompetentPersonMusthavehaInspectionsofExcavations

Acompetentpersonmustmakedailyinspectionsofexcavations,areasaroundthemandprotectivesystems:Beforeworkstartsandasneeded,Afterrainstorms,highwindsorotheroccurrencewhichmayincreasehazards,andWhenyoucanreasonablyanticipateanemployeewillbeexposedtohazards.27OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationInspectionsofExcavations AcInspectionsofExcavations Ifthecompetentpersonfindsevidenceofapossiblecave-in,indicationsoffailureofprotectivesystems,hazardousatmospheres,orotherhazardousconditions:ExposedemployeesmustberemovedfromthehazardousareaEmployeesmaynotreturnuntilthenecessaryprecautionshavebeentaken28OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationInspectionsofExcavations IfSiteEvaluationPlanningBeforebeginningexcavation:

Evaluatesoilconditions

Constructprotectivesystems

Testforlowoxygen,hazardousfumesandtoxicgasesProvidesafeinandoutaccessContactutilitiesDeterminethesafetyequipmentneededFissure29OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationSiteEvaluationPlanningBeforeSummaryThegreatestriskinanexcavationisacave-in.Employeescanbeprotectedthroughsloping,shielding,andshoringtheexcavation.Acompetentpersonisresponsibletoinspecttheexcavation.Otherexcavationhazardsincludewateraccumulation,oxygendeficiency,toxicfumes,falls,andmobileequipment.30OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationSummaryThegreatestriskinan谢谢！谢谢！31(全英文)建筑施工基坑开挖的安全防护Excava课件32ExcavationHazardsCave-insarethegreatestriskOtherhazardsinclude:AsphyxiationduetolackofoxygenInhalationoftoxicmaterialsFireMovingmachineryneartheedgeoftheexcavationcancauseacollapseAccidentalseveringofundergroundutilitylines33OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationExcavationHazardsCave-insareInjuryandDeathExcavatingisoneofthemosthazardousconstructionoperationsMostaccidentsoccurintrenches5-15feetdeepThereisusuallynowarningbeforeacave-in34OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationInjuryandDeathExcavatingisDefinitionsExcavation

–a

man-madecut,cavity,trench,ordepressionformedbyearthremoval.Trench

–anarrowexcavation.Thedepthisgreaterthanthewidth,butnotwiderthan15feet.Shield-astructureabletowithstandacave-inandprotectemployeesShoring-astructurethatsupportsthesidesofanexcavationandprotectsagainstcave-insSloping-atechniquethatemploysaspecificangleofinclineonthesidesoftheexcavation.Theanglevariesbasedonassessmentofimpactingsitefactors.

35OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationDefinitionsExcavation–aman-FocusofTraining

ThegreatestriskatanexcavationHowtoprotectemployeesfromcave-insFactorsthatposeahazardtoemployeesworkinginexcavationsTheroleofacompetentpersonatanexcavationsite36OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationFocusofTrainingThegreatesProtectionofEmployees

Employeesshouldbeprotectedfromcave-insbyusinganadequatelydesignedprotectivesystem Protectivesystemsmustbeabletoresistallexpectedloadstothesystem37OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationProtectionofEmployees Empl

Requirementsfor

ProtectiveSystemsAwell-designedprotectivesystem

CorrectdesignofslopingandbenchingsystemsCorrectdesignofsupportsystems,shieldsystems,andotherprotectivesystems PlusAppropriatehandlingofmaterialsandequipmentPlusAttentiontocorrectinstallationandremovalEquals

Protectionofemployeesatexcavations38OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationRequirementsfor

ProtectiveDesignofProtectiveSystemsTheemployershallselectandconstruct:slopesandconfigurationsofslopingandbenchingsystemssupportsystems,shieldsystems,andotherprotectivesystemsShield-canbepermanentorportable.Alsoknownastrenchboxortrenchshield.Shoring-suchasmetalhydraulic,mechanicalortimbershoringsystemthatsupportsthesidesSloping-formsidesofanexcavationthatareinclinedawayfromtheexcavation39OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationDesignofProtectiveSystemsThProtectEmployeesExposedtoPotentialCave-insSlopeorbenchthesidesoftheexcavation,Supportthesidesoftheexcavation,orPlaceashieldbetweenthesideoftheexcavationandtheworkarea40OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationProtectEmployeesExposedtoPCave-inHazardThisexcavationhasinadequatesupportpostsandegressaccessInadequateprotectivesystem41OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationCave-inHazardThisexcavationInadequateProtectiveSystem

Thisworkerisinatrenchwithnoprotectivesystem,thatisnotslopedorbenchedandhasnomeansofegress42OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationInadequateProtectiveSystemFactorsInvolvedinDesigningaProtectiveSystemSoilclassificationDepthofcutWatercontentofsoilChangesduetoweatherandclimateOtheroperationsinthevicinity43OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationFactorsInvolvedinDesigningShoringGeneralProvidesaframeworktoworkinUseswales,crossbracesanduprightsSupportsexcavationwallsOSHAtablesprovideshoringdataMustknowsoiltypeMustknowdepthandwidthofexcavationMustbefamiliarwiththeOSHATables44OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationShoringGeneral12OSHAOfficeofTrenchShieldAtrenchshieldwasbuiltaroundthisworkarea45OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationTrenchShieldAtrenchshieldwHydraulicTrenchSupportUsinghydraulicjackstheoperatorcaneasilydropthesystemintotheholeOnceinplace,hydraulicpressureisincreasedtokeeptheformsinplaceTrenchpinsareinstalledincaseofhydraulicfailure46OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationHydraulicTrenchSupportUsingMaterialsandEquipmentEquipmentusedforprotectivesystemsmustnothavedamageordefectsthatimpairfunction.Ifequipmentisdamaged,thecompetentpersonmustexamineittoseeifitissuitableforcontinueduse.Ifnotsuitable,removeitfromserviceuntilaprofessionalengineerapprovesitforuse.47OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationMaterialsandEquipmentEquipmProtectionfromVehiclesInstallbarricadesHand/mechanicalsignalsStoplogsGradesoilawayfromexcavationFenceorbarricadetrenchesleftovernight48OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationProtectionfromVehiclesInstalHazardousConditionsTheweightandvibrationsofthecranemakethisaveryhazardouscondition.Theyshouldnotbeworkingunderthiscrane.49OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationHazardousConditionsTheweightSpoilsDon’tplace

spoilswithin2feetfromedgeofexcavationMeasurefromnearestpartofthespoiltotheexcavationedgePlacespoilssorainwaterrunsawayfromtheexcavationPlacespoilwellawayfromtheexcavation50OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationSpoilsDon’tplacespoilswithiOtherExcavationHazardsWateraccumulationOxygendeficiencyToxicfumesAccess/EgressFallsMobileequipment51OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationOtherExcavationHazardsWaterWaterisHazardous

WhenwaterispresentinanexcavationitisextremelyhazardoustoenterNotethattheseworkersarenotwearinghardhatstoprotectthemfrommaterialsfallingintothetrench52OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationWaterisHazardous WhenwaterWater=Cave-inHazardTheseworkersmustbeprotectedfromcave-in.Notethewaterinthebottomofthetrench.Thisisaveryhazardouscondition!53OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationWater=Cave-inHazardThesewoHazardousAtmosphereTestexcavationsmorethan4feetbeforeanemployeeenterstheexcavationfor:OxygendeficiencyHighcombustiblegasconcentrationHighlevelsofotherhazardoussubstances54OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationHazardousAtmosphereTestexcavMeansofEgress

Astairway,ladder,orrampmustbepresentinexcavationsthatare4ormorefeetdeep,andwithin25feetoftheemployeesThisladderdoesnotmeettherequirementsofthestandardTheladdershouldextend3feetabovetheexcavation55OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationMeansofEgress Astairway,laAccessandEgressThesetwoladderswhicharelashedtogetherarenotanadequatemeansofegressTheladdershouldextend3feetabovethetopoftheexcavation56OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationAccessandEgressThesetwoladProtectionfromFalls,FallingLoads,andMobileEquipmentInstallbarricadesUsehand/mechanicalsignalsGradesoilawayfromexcavationFenceorbarricadetrenchesleftovernightUseaflaggerwhensigns,signalsandbarricadesarenotenoughprotection57OSHAOfficeofTrainingandEducationProtectionfromFalls,Falling

CompetentPerson

Musthavehadspeci

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