人教版高中英语选修8-Unit-2Clonin课件

Cloning

Unit2CloningUnit21differvi.不同;相异differvi.不同;相异2人教版高中英语选修8-Unit-2《Clonin课件3ObjectiveTolearnsomebasicinformationaboutcloning.ObjectiveTolearnsomebasici4Cloning?Cloning?5Acloneisananimalorplantproducednaturallyorartificiallyfromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit.Cloningisaway

ofmakinganexactcopy

ofanotheranimalorplant.TheclonehasthesameDNAastheparent.What’scloning?SoundsReasonable?Acloneisananimalorplant6

Therearedifferenttypesofcloning,andcloningtechnologiescanbeusedforotherpurposesbesidesproducingthegenetictwinofanotherorganism.Thethreetypes

ofcloningtechnologiesare:

(1)recombinantDNAtechnologyorDNAcloning（基因重组克隆技术）(2)reproductivecloning（生殖性克隆）(3)therapeuticcloning（治疗性克隆）Therearedifferenttypeso7克隆一词是英文单词clone的音译，作为名词，clone通常被意译为无性繁殖系。同一克隆的所有成员的遗传构成是完全相同的，例外仅见于有突变发生时。自然界早已存在天然植物、动物和微生物的克隆。克隆一词是英文单词clone的音译，作为名词，clone通常8人们开始探索用人工的方法来生产高等动物克隆。这样，克隆一词就开始被用作动词，指人工培育克隆动物这一动作。目前，生产哺乳动物克隆的方法主要有胚胎分割和细胞核移植两种。克隆羊“多莉”，以及其后各国科学家培育的各种克隆动物，采用的都是细胞核移植技术。人们开始探索用人工的方法来生产高等动物克隆。9所谓细胞核移植，是指将不同发育时期的胚胎或成体动物的细胞核，经显微手术和细胞融合方法移植到去核卵母细胞中，重新组成胚胎并使之发育成熟的过程。由于细胞核移植是产生克隆动物的有效方法，故人们往往把它称为动物克隆技术。所谓细胞核移植，是指将不同发育时期的胚胎或成体动物的细胞核，10Inpairs,lookatthesepicturesanddiscusswhichonesarenaturalclonesandwhichonesareman-made.Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.QuizInpairs,lookatthesepictur11DollythesheepAstrawberryplantNaturalcloneMan-madecloneDollythesheepAstrawberrypl12一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐茎,一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐茎,一年内就能长出数百株草13GrowingnewplantsTwinsNaturalcloneMan-madecloneGrowingnewplantsTwinsNatural14Naturalclone

isonethatoccursinnaturewithouthumanhelp.Man-madeclone

isonethatisproducedthroughhumanintervention(介入).CloneCanyoutellthedifferencebetweennaturalcloneandman-madeclone?Naturalcloneisonethatoccu15Cactus(仙人掌)Pendulumorchid(吊兰)naturalcloneexamplesCactus(仙人掌)Pendulumorchidnat16人教版高中英语选修8-Unit-2《Clonin课件17man-madecloneexamplesI'mcelebrityinthehistoryofcloning.

Doyouknowmyname?man-madecloneexamplesI'mce18Dolly,thefirstmammaltobeclonedfromadultDNA,wasputdownbylethalinjectiononFeb.14,2003.Priortoherdeath,Dollyhadbeensufferingfromlungcancerandcripplingarthritis(严重的关节炎).CelebritySheepDollyDolly,thefirstmammalto19Dolly是世界上第一例用体细胞——乳腺上皮细胞，通过细胞核移植技术，在复杂的人工操作下，得到的一只小绵羊。Dolly是世界上第一例用体细胞——乳腺上皮细胞，通过细胞核20Scientistshavebeencloninganimalsformanyyears.ThecreationofDollyisthefirstmammalclonedfromthecellofanadultanimal.SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingsheep,goats,oxen,mice,pigs,cats,rabbitsandsoon.Allthesecloneswerecreatedusingnucleartransfertechnology(细胞核移植技术).Whatanimalshavebeencloned?Scientistshavebeencloninga21Themuleinthepictureistheworld’sfirstclonedmule.Itwasbornon4May2003.HisnameisIdahoGem.

Themuleinthepictureisthe22ThekitteninthepictureiscalledCc.Itsnameisfrom“Copycat”.ItwasborninDecember2002.Thekitteninthepictureisc23Thesefemalepigsarealsocloned.TheyarebornonChristmasDay2001.TheyareNoel,Angel,Star,JoyandMary.Thesefemalepigsarealsoclo24Thepairofcalveswerebornon5July1998inIshikawa,Japan.TheyweretwoyearsyoungerthanDolly,beingsecondadultanimalclonesintheworld.Thepairofcalveswereborno25Ifpossible,doyouwantanotherpersontobeexactlythesameasyou?Whyorwhynot?DiscussionIfpossible,doyouwantanoth26ImportanteventsincloninghistoryImportanteventsincloninghi27In5000B.C.(谷物选种)

Humanbeingsbegantochoosethebestseedsfromsomekindsofcrops.Thatwasthebeginningofcontrollinglifeaccordingtohuman’swill.In5000B.C.(谷物选种)Humanbein28In1952:Cloningtadpole(克隆蝌蚪)TheAmericanscientistscreatedacopyoftadpolebymeansofusingatadpolecell.Thistinytadpolehasbecomethefirstkindofcloninganimal.In1952:Cloningtadpole(克隆蝌蚪29

In1978:

Thefirstcaseoftubeinfant(试管婴儿)appeared.☆ABritishdoctorusedthesperm(精子)ofamanandfertilized(使受精)itinatesttube(试管)andthentransplanted(移植)theembryo(胚胎)intothewomb(子宫)ofahealthymother.☆Thefirsttubeinfantcalled

Louisappeared.In1978:Thefirstcaseof30In1996:Thefamoussheep“Dolly”wasclonedsuccessfully.In1996:Thefamoussheep“Dol31Dollyistogetherwithhermother.Dollyistogetherwithhermot32

In1998:Aseriesofthingswerecloned.ThescientistsinHawaiiUniversityclonedover50mice.Someprivateinstitutions(协会)successfullyclonedlittleoxen.In1998:Aseriesofthings33Nowadays:☆Cloneddogs,mice,rabbits,goats,oxen,pigsappeared.☆Chinabecametheseventhcountrythathastheabilitytoclonepigs.☆Chinahassucceededinusingembryonic(胚胎的)cellstoclonemanyanimals.Nowadays:341Clonecanbefrombothnaturalcloneandman-madeclone.2Thesheep,namedKittywasthefirstsuccessfulcloneofamammal.3Onlystrawberriesandcactuses

(仙人掌)arenaturalclones.4SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingcats,rabbitsandhorses.Aparentcancloneachildwhoisdyingofaterminalillness(不治之症).TorF1Clonecanbefrombothnatur35Accordingtowhatwe’velearned,inpairsdiscusswhatyouunderstandaboutcloning.Thenlistthequestionsyouwanttofindout.Shareyourlistswithoneanother.Accordingtowhatwe’velearne36Questionsaboutcloning1.Howisacloneproduced?2.Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning?3.Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?Questionsaboutcloning1.How371.Howisacloneproduced?Thecloningofplantsissimpleandrelativelyeasy.Itcanbedonebytakingcuttings(man-madecloning)orlettingtheplantproduceitsownrunners(naturalcloning).Thecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated.Itwasnotachieveduntil1996.1.Howisacloneproduced?The382.Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning?1)Medicalcloningcanhelpcureseriousillnessesthatruinone’squalityoflife(suchasParkinson’sdisease帕金森氏症orAlzheimer’sdisease阿尔茨海默氏症).2)Itcanhelpinfertilepeoplehavebabies.2.Whatbenefitscanhumansga393.Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?1)Peoplemaywanttoclonethemselvessotheycanliveforever.2)Peoplemaywanttoclonedeadchildren.3)Peoplemaywanttoclonetheirfavouritepets.3.Whatproblemsmayarisewhe40ABA:Ithinkcloningisgoodforus.Because…B:Ithinkcloningisbadforus.Because…Iscloninggoodorbadforus?DebateABA:Ithinkcloningisgoodf41Theseexpressionsmayhelp.

Doyouthinkitiswiseto…?What’syouropinionof…?Ithinkyoushould…Iagreewithyouthat…Iwouldneveraccept…I’mhappytoacceptaclonebut…Iwouldneveracceptaclone…Idon’tmindbut…Theseexpressionsmayhelp.Do42HomeworkLookupthenewwordsandexpressionsoftheReadinginthedictionary.2.PreviewtheReading:

CLONING:WHEREISITLEADINGUS?HomeworkLookupthenewwords43Cloning

Unit2CloningUnit244differvi.不同;相异differvi.不同;相异45人教版高中英语选修8-Unit-2《Clonin课件46ObjectiveTolearnsomebasicinformationaboutcloning.ObjectiveTolearnsomebasici47Cloning?Cloning?48Acloneisananimalorplantproducednaturallyorartificiallyfromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit.Cloningisaway

ofmakinganexactcopy

ofanotheranimalorplant.TheclonehasthesameDNAastheparent.What’scloning?SoundsReasonable?Acloneisananimalorplant49

Therearedifferenttypesofcloning,andcloningtechnologiescanbeusedforotherpurposesbesidesproducingthegenetictwinofanotherorganism.Thethreetypes

ofcloningtechnologiesare:

(1)recombinantDNAtechnologyorDNAcloning（基因重组克隆技术）(2)reproductivecloning（生殖性克隆）(3)therapeuticcloning（治疗性克隆）Therearedifferenttypeso50克隆一词是英文单词clone的音译，作为名词，clone通常被意译为无性繁殖系。同一克隆的所有成员的遗传构成是完全相同的，例外仅见于有突变发生时。自然界早已存在天然植物、动物和微生物的克隆。克隆一词是英文单词clone的音译，作为名词，clone通常51人们开始探索用人工的方法来生产高等动物克隆。这样，克隆一词就开始被用作动词，指人工培育克隆动物这一动作。目前，生产哺乳动物克隆的方法主要有胚胎分割和细胞核移植两种。克隆羊“多莉”，以及其后各国科学家培育的各种克隆动物，采用的都是细胞核移植技术。人们开始探索用人工的方法来生产高等动物克隆。52所谓细胞核移植，是指将不同发育时期的胚胎或成体动物的细胞核，经显微手术和细胞融合方法移植到去核卵母细胞中，重新组成胚胎并使之发育成熟的过程。由于细胞核移植是产生克隆动物的有效方法，故人们往往把它称为动物克隆技术。所谓细胞核移植，是指将不同发育时期的胚胎或成体动物的细胞核，53Inpairs,lookatthesepicturesanddiscusswhichonesarenaturalclonesandwhichonesareman-made.Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.QuizInpairs,lookatthesepictur54DollythesheepAstrawberryplantNaturalcloneMan-madecloneDollythesheepAstrawberrypl55一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐茎,一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐茎,一年内就能长出数百株草56GrowingnewplantsTwinsNaturalcloneMan-madecloneGrowingnewplantsTwinsNatural57Naturalclone

isonethatoccursinnaturewithouthumanhelp.Man-madeclone

isonethatisproducedthroughhumanintervention(介入).CloneCanyoutellthedifferencebetweennaturalcloneandman-madeclone?Naturalcloneisonethatoccu58Cactus(仙人掌)Pendulumorchid(吊兰)naturalcloneexamplesCactus(仙人掌)Pendulumorchidnat59人教版高中英语选修8-Unit-2《Clonin课件60man-madecloneexamplesI'mcelebrityinthehistoryofcloning.

Doyouknowmyname?man-madecloneexamplesI'mce61Dolly,thefirstmammaltobeclonedfromadultDNA,wasputdownbylethalinjectiononFeb.14,2003.Priortoherdeath,Dollyhadbeensufferingfromlungcancerandcripplingarthritis(严重的关节炎).CelebritySheepDollyDolly,thefirstmammalto62Dolly是世界上第一例用体细胞——乳腺上皮细胞，通过细胞核移植技术，在复杂的人工操作下，得到的一只小绵羊。Dolly是世界上第一例用体细胞——乳腺上皮细胞，通过细胞核63Scientistshavebeencloninganimalsformanyyears.ThecreationofDollyisthefirstmammalclonedfromthecellofanadultanimal.SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingsheep,goats,oxen,mice,pigs,cats,rabbitsandsoon.Allthesecloneswerecreatedusingnucleartransfertechnology(细胞核移植技术).Whatanimalshavebeencloned?Scientistshavebeencloninga64Themuleinthepictureistheworld’sfirstclonedmule.Itwasbornon4May2003.HisnameisIdahoGem.

Themuleinthepictureisthe65ThekitteninthepictureiscalledCc.Itsnameisfrom“Copycat”.ItwasborninDecember2002.Thekitteninthepictureisc66Thesefemalepigsarealsocloned.TheyarebornonChristmasDay2001.TheyareNoel,Angel,Star,JoyandMary.Thesefemalepigsarealsoclo67Thepairofcalveswerebornon5July1998inIshikawa,Japan.TheyweretwoyearsyoungerthanDolly,beingsecondadultanimalclonesintheworld.Thepairofcalveswereborno68Ifpossible,doyouwantanotherpersontobeexactlythesameasyou?Whyorwhynot?DiscussionIfpossible,doyouwantanoth69ImportanteventsincloninghistoryImportanteventsincloninghi70In5000B.C.(谷物选种)

Humanbeingsbegantochoosethebestseedsfromsomekindsofcrops.Thatwasthebeginningofcontrollinglifeaccordingtohuman’swill.In5000B.C.(谷物选种)Humanbein71In1952:Cloningtadpole(克隆蝌蚪)TheAmericanscientistscreatedacopyoftadpolebymeansofusingatadpolecell.Thistinytadpolehasbecomethefirstkindofcloninganimal.In1952:Cloningtadpole(克隆蝌蚪72

In1978:

Thefirstcaseoftubeinfant(试管婴儿)appeared.☆ABritishdoctorusedthesperm(精子)ofamanandfertilized(使受精)itinatesttube(试管)andthentransplanted(移植)theembryo(胚胎)intothewomb(子宫)ofahealthymother.☆Thefirsttubeinfantcalled

Louisappeared.In1978:Thefirstcaseof73In1996:Thefamoussheep“Dolly”wasclonedsuccessfully.In1996:Thefamoussheep“Dol74Dollyistogetherwithhermother.Dollyistogetherwithhermot75

In1998:Aseriesofthingswerecloned.ThescientistsinHawaiiUniversityclonedover50mice.Someprivateinstitutions(协会)successfullyclonedlittleoxen.In1998:Aseriesofthings76Nowadays:☆Cloneddogs,mice,rabbits,goats,oxen,pigsappeared.☆Chinabecametheseventhcountrythathastheabilitytoclonepigs.☆Chinahassucceededinusingembryonic(胚胎的)cellstoclonemanyanimals.Nowadays:771Clonecanbefrombothnaturalcloneandman-madeclone.2Thesheep,namedKittywasthefirstsuccessfulcloneofamammal.3Onlystrawberriesandcactuses

(仙人掌)arenaturalclones.4SinceDolly,researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingcats,rabbitsandhorses.Aparentcancloneachildwhoisdyingofaterminalillness(不治之症).TorF1Clonecanbefrombothnatur78Accordingtowhatwe’velearned,inpairsdiscusswhatyouunderstandaboutcloning.Thenlistthequestionsyouwanttofindout.Shareyourlistswithoneanother.Accordingtowhatwe’velearne79Questionsaboutcloning1.Howisacloneproduced?2.Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning?3.Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarec