动词不定式讲解 写作训练 课件-高考英语一轮复习

Grammar:theInfinitive

动词不定式

/ɪnˈfɪnətɪv/WhatistheInfinitive?/ɪnˈfɪnətɪv/Whatisitusedfor?Howtouseit?WhatistheInfinitive?Arobotisamachinedesignedtodojobsthatareusuallyperformedbyhumans.

Shefeltembarrassedandquicklytoldhimtogo.to+verbnotfunctioningas

themainverb(非谓语动词）Isitalwaysintheformoftodo?Thevaccine-makingjobmakeshimworkallnightlong.

疫苗研发Thedirectorhadherassistantpickupsomehotdogsforthemeeting.TraditionalChinesemedicinecanhelp(to)treatpatientsinfectedwithCovid-19.在主动结构中,有些感观动词和使役动词接不定式做宾语补足语时，通常不带to:“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)、“三使”(make,let,have)、“两听”(hear,listento)、“一感觉”(feel)。Help后面的不定式做宾补可以带to,也可以不带。bareinfinitive(不带to的不定式）/ˈvæksiːn/Ourhostsharedmanyoftheirexperiencesandrecommendedwonderfulplacestoeat,shopandvisit.

(2019全国Ⅲ）Isitalwaysintheformoftodo?

WhatIwanttodohereishelpyoubetterunderstandtheinfinitive.WhatIwanttoenjoyhereistowatchamovie.Hedidnothingbutliedownandsleep.Hehadnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Anythingnew?Ipromisenottowastemytime.ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife,ClaireIpretendedtobereadingwhenmymomcameintomyroom.Heisthoughttohaveactedfoolishly.Thepatientwasreportedtohavebeenproperlytreatedinthehospital.TheInfinitive不定式主动否定式nottodo一般式todo进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedone被动一般式tobedone完成式tohavebeendoneTolearntheinfinitivewellinonelessonisnoteasy.Whatis

itusedfor?top-heavy头重脚轻的Itisnoteasytolearntheinfinitivewellinonelesson.subject(主语）formalsubject（形式主语）

Hisambitionistobecomeanactor.（人教⑦

U1）predicative(表语）

Whatis

itusedfor?Davidthreatenedtoreporthisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.

(2009上海改)object（宾语）

HemadeitaruleonlytospeakEnglishinclass.formalobject形式宾语Heallowedmetostayandwatchobjectcomplement宾语补足语advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,enable,expect,permit,persuade…sb.tososth.Whatis

itusedfor?Vaccineshavebeenoneofthegreatestpublichealthtoolstopreventdisease.…healthtoolswhichhelppreventdiseaseattributive定语Thepressconference(记者招待会）tobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.…conferencewhichisgoingtobeheldWhatis

itusedfor?TofightagainstthespreadofCovid-19,weneedtounite.inordertofightagainst…Wearegladtohearthatnocasesofcovid-19havebeenreported.Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.(2012四川改）sth.unexpectedhappenedThemachineisveryeasytooperate.adverbial状语sth./sb.+be+adj.+todoTheInfinitive具有下列词类之特征

在句中的作用名词形容词副词主语subject表语predic-tive宾语

object宾语补足语objectcomple-ment

定语

attribu-tive状语adverbialHowtouseit?ItisgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife.Therobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.Itwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.TonyexpectedthehousetobetransformedReadaloudHowtouseit?1.It’simpossible___________(nottalk)aboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.(2019全国Ⅲ）nottotalk

Mylittleexperience______(find)joyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.(2018全国Ⅲ）tofindAdultsunderstandwhatitfeelslike_______________(flood)withobjects(athome).(2018全国Ⅲ）tobefloodedHeisthefirstChinesecitizen__________(win)thisaward.(2018全国Ⅲ)towinHowtouseit?Rewritethefollowingsentences,usingtheinfinitive.PatientsinWuhanarefortunate.Doctorsandnursesacrossthecountrygivethemalotofhelp.PatientsinWuhanarefortunate___________________tobegivenalotofhelp.Theoldmanisfortunate.Hehasbeentreatedproperlyinthecabinhospital.Theoldmanisfortunate_____________________________________________.tohavebeentreatedproperlyinthecabinhospital.方舱Howtouseit?Johnisashamed.Peoplefoundhimstealing.

Rewritethefollowingsentences,usingtheinfinitive.Johnisashamed________________________.tohavebeenfoundstealingHisfirstbook________________________isbasedonatruestory.tobepublishednextmonth

Hisfirstbookwillbepublishednextmonth.Itis

basedonatruestory.Howtouseit?RulesforPreventingOneselffromCOVID-19Infection1.Makesure______________________.(外出时带上口罩）.2.Itisimportant_______________________________

(咳嗽打喷嚏时用纸巾遮掩）3.Itisessential___________________________________

__________________________________________.

(用肥皂和流动水彻底洗手至少15秒）●

Beforeeatingandafterusingthetoilet●Afterreturninghome●Aftertouchingtrashorgarbage●Aftercontactingwithanimalsorhandlinganimalwastestowearamaskoutdoorstocoveryourcoughsandsneezeswithtissue.towashyourhandswithsoapandrunningwaterthoroughlyforatleast15secondsHowtouseit?RulesforPreventingOneselffromCOVID-19Infection4.Try_______________________________________

(规律锻炼以增强免疫力）5.__________________(为呼吸新鲜空气),avoidgoingtocrowdedplacessuchashospitals,railwaystations

andairports.6.____________________________________________(有发烧症状且呼吸困难时）,seek

medicalattentionimmediately.

Tobreathefreshair,toexerciseregularlytostrengthenyourimmunesystem.

Whenyouhavesymptomsoffeverandfinditdifficulttobreathe,Howtouseit?RulesforPreventingOneselffromCOVID-19Infection7.Avoidseeingpeoplewho__________________________

_____________________(被认为接触过确诊病人）8.Remindyourself________________________________

_______________(不要接触野生或养殖动物）without

anyprotection.arebelievedtohavecontactednottocontactwithwildanimalsorfarmedlivestock

withconfirmedpatients1.to+do2.make/have/hear…sb.do3.notfunctioningasthemainverb(非谓语动词）TheInfinitive否定式nottodo一般式todo进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedone一般式tobedone完成式tohavebeendone

在句中的作用主语表语宾语宾语补足语

定语状语

TheInfinitiveIdon’tknowhowIcanimprove,mylanguagelearning.=Idon’tknowhowtoimprovemylanguagelearning.WhenshearrivedatGombein1960,itwasunusualforawomantoliveintheforest.(人教④U1)It’scruelofthemtoeatanimals.HestoppedtotalkaboutCovid-19.‡HestoppedtalkingaboutCovid-19.I’mlookingforwardtogoingbacktoschool.(beus