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Grammar:theInfinitive
动词不定式
/ɪnˈfɪnətɪv/WhatistheInfinitive?/ɪnˈfɪnətɪv/Whatisitusedfor?Howtouseit?WhatistheInfinitive?Arobotisamachinedesignedtodojobsthatareusuallyperformedbyhumans.
Shefeltembarrassedandquicklytoldhimtogo.to+verbnotfunctioningas
themainverb(非谓语动词)Isitalwaysintheformoftodo?Thevaccine-makingjobmakeshimworkallnightlong.
疫苗研发Thedirectorhadherassistantpickupsomehotdogsforthemeeting.TraditionalChinesemedicinecanhelp(to)treatpatientsinfectedwithCovid-19.在主动结构中,有些感观动词和使役动词接不定式做宾语补足语时,通常不带to:“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)、“三使”(make,let,have)、“两听”(hear,listento)、“一感觉”(feel)。Help后面的不定式做宾补可以带to,也可以不带。bareinfinitive(不带to的不定式)/ˈvæksiːn/Ourhostsharedmanyoftheirexperiencesandrecommendedwonderfulplacestoeat,shopandvisit.
(2019全国Ⅲ)Isitalwaysintheformoftodo?
WhatIwanttodohereishelpyoubetterunderstandtheinfinitive.WhatIwanttoenjoyhereistowatchamovie.Hedidnothingbutliedownandsleep.Hehadnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Anythingnew?Ipromisenottowastemytime.ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife,ClaireIpretendedtobereadingwhenmymomcameintomyroom.Heisthoughttohaveactedfoolishly.Thepatientwasreportedtohavebeenproperlytreatedinthehospital.TheInfinitive不定式主动否定式nottodo一般式todo进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedone被动一般式tobedone完成式tohavebeendoneTolearntheinfinitivewellinonelessonisnoteasy.Whatis
itusedfor?top-heavy头重脚轻的Itisnoteasytolearntheinfinitivewellinonelesson.subject(主语)formalsubject(形式主语)
Hisambitionistobecomeanactor.(人教⑦
U1)predicative(表语)
Whatis
itusedfor?Davidthreatenedtoreporthisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.
(2009上海改)object(宾语)
HemadeitaruleonlytospeakEnglishinclass.formalobject形式宾语Heallowedmetostayandwatchobjectcomplement宾语补足语advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,enable,expect,permit,persuade…sb.tososth.Whatis
itusedfor?Vaccineshavebeenoneofthegreatestpublichealthtoolstopreventdisease.…healthtoolswhichhelppreventdiseaseattributive定语Thepressconference(记者招待会)tobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.…conferencewhichisgoingtobeheldWhatis
itusedfor?TofightagainstthespreadofCovid-19,weneedtounite.inordertofightagainst…Wearegladtohearthatnocasesofcovid-19havebeenreported.Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.(2012四川改)sth.unexpectedhappenedThemachineisveryeasytooperate.adverbial状语sth./sb.+be+adj.+todoTheInfinitive具有下列词类之特征
在句中的作用名词形容词副词主语subject表语predic-tive宾语
object宾语补足语objectcomple-ment
定语
attribu-tive状语adverbialHowtouseit?ItisgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry’swife.Therobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.Itwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.TonyexpectedthehousetobetransformedReadaloudHowtouseit?1.It’simpossible___________(nottalk)aboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.(2019全国Ⅲ)nottotalk
Mylittleexperience______(find)joyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.(2018全国Ⅲ)tofindAdultsunderstandwhatitfeelslike_______________(flood)withobjects(athome).(2018全国Ⅲ)tobefloodedHeisthefirstChinesecitizen__________(win)thisaward.(2018全国Ⅲ)towinHowtouseit?Rewritethefollowingsentences,usingtheinfinitive.PatientsinWuhanarefortunate.Doctorsandnursesacrossthecountrygivethemalotofhelp.PatientsinWuhanarefortunate___________________tobegivenalotofhelp.Theoldmanisfortunate.Hehasbeentreatedproperlyinthecabinhospital.Theoldmanisfortunate_____________________________________________.tohavebeentreatedproperlyinthecabinhospital.方舱Howtouseit?Johnisashamed.Peoplefoundhimstealing.
Rewritethefollowingsentences,usingtheinfinitive.Johnisashamed________________________.tohavebeenfoundstealingHisfirstbook________________________isbasedonatruestory.tobepublishednextmonth
Hisfirstbookwillbepublishednextmonth.Itis
basedonatruestory.Howtouseit?RulesforPreventingOneselffromCOVID-19Infection1.Makesure______________________.(外出时带上口罩).2.Itisimportant_______________________________
(咳嗽打喷嚏时用纸巾遮掩)3.Itisessential___________________________________
__________________________________________.
(用肥皂和流动水彻底洗手至少15秒)●
Beforeeatingandafterusingthetoilet●Afterreturninghome●Aftertouchingtrashorgarbage●Aftercontactingwithanimalsorhandlinganimalwastestowearamaskoutdoorstocoveryourcoughsandsneezeswithtissue.towashyourhandswithsoapandrunningwaterthoroughlyforatleast15secondsHowtouseit?RulesforPreventingOneselffromCOVID-19Infection4.Try_______________________________________
(规律锻炼以增强免疫力)5.__________________(为呼吸新鲜空气),avoidgoingtocrowdedplacessuchashospitals,railwaystations
andairports.6.____________________________________________(有发烧症状且呼吸困难时),seek
medicalattentionimmediately.
Tobreathefreshair,toexerciseregularlytostrengthenyourimmunesystem.
Whenyouhavesymptomsoffeverandfinditdifficulttobreathe,Howtouseit?RulesforPreventingOneselffromCOVID-19Infection7.Avoidseeingpeoplewho__________________________
_____________________(被认为接触过确诊病人)8.Remindyourself________________________________
_______________(不要接触野生或养殖动物)without
anyprotection.arebelievedtohavecontactednottocontactwithwildanimalsorfarmedlivestock
withconfirmedpatients1.to+do2.make/have/hear…sb.do3.notfunctioningasthemainverb(非谓语动词)TheInfinitive否定式nottodo一般式todo进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedone一般式tobedone完成式tohavebeendone
在句中的作用主语表语宾语宾语补足语
定语状语
TheInfinitiveIdon’tknowhowIcanimprove,mylanguagelearning.=Idon’tknowhowtoimprovemylanguagelearning.WhenshearrivedatGombein1960,itwasunusualforawomantoliveintheforest.(人教④U1)It’scruelofthemtoeatanimals.HestoppedtotalkaboutCovid-19.‡HestoppedtalkingaboutCovid-19.I’mlookingforwardtogoingbacktoschool.(beus
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